مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 102 (تابستان 1396)

Ciprofloxacin has adverse effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility.since L-carnitine has antioxidant effects potentially.
Ciprofloxacin has adverse effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility. since L-carnitine has antioxidant effects potentially, the purpose of this study is to investigate the gonad toxic of ciprofloxacin effects and L-carnitine protective effects on male mice.
Totally, 20 white mice of NMRI race were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 5. control group received normal saline, experimental group 1 received 12.5 mg/kg ciprofloxacin, experimental group 2 received 100 mg/kg L- carnitine, experimental group 3 received 100 mg/kg L- carnitine and 12.5 mg/kg ciprofloxacin simultaneously. all animal were treated by peritoneal injection for 15 days. after treatment, the animals were weighed. the removed testis and the organ were weighed, too. the left testes were fixed in formalin 10% solution for histological examination. finally, the slices were painted with hematoxilin and eosin (H & E). then, results in the form of mean values were analyzed using SPSS, ANOVA test and T- test.
Testis weight, spermatogeny cells count (spermatocytes, round spermatids, elongated spermatids) and diameter of seminiferous tubules in the ciprofloxacin group, compared to the control group, showed a significant decrease (p ≤0 / 05). however, the simultaneous use of L-carnitine with ciprofloxacin, testis weight, spermatogeny cell count (round spermatid, long spermatid) and seminiferous tubule diameter, compared to the ciprofloxacin group, revealed a significant increase ( p ≤0 / 05).
It can be concluded that L- carnitine administration can cause an improvement,gonadotoxic ciprofloxacin effects and spermatogenesis in adult mice.

Anxiety disorders are among major problems for humanity, often due to imbalance in the activity of brain monoaminergic systems. clinical evidence indicates the possible disorder of Serotonergic neurons in the pathophysiology of anxiety, therefore, in the present study, Fluoxetine and Cyproheptadine drugs were used as modifiers of serotonin levels in the brain, to evaluate the role of Serotonergic system in the development or alleviation of anxiety- like disorders.
This study aims to investigate the role of serotonergic system in anxiety- like behavior changes and thyroid hormones metabolic changes in male rats under immobilization stress.
30 male adult wistar rats, weighing 180±20 g, were randomly divided into five groups of 6. immobilization stress was induced in the rats by limiting polyethylene, and anxiolytic evaluation of the effects of drugs in the treated groups was performed using the elevated plus-maze test. In this study, fluoxetine with concentration of 20 mg/kg and cyproheptadine with concentration of 4 mg/kg were intraperitoneally administered to the animals. at the end of the treatment period, effects of drugs on anxiety like behavior of immobilization stress-induced and thyroid hormones serum levels were measured using an ELISA kit. The data were analyzed at a significance level of p The results of the plus-maze test showed that the percentage of time spent in the open arms in the stress group was significantly decreased, compared with the control group (p The results indicate the improving effects of serotonergic system in the control of anxiety- like behavior and thyroid hormones secretion

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that has infected many human societies worldwide. the urease of H. pylori is essential for its survival in the human stomach and the ureG gene is one of the most important virulence factors.
The aim of this study is the cloning of the ureG gene in order to generate a gene vaccine against H. pylori.
In this experimental study, the DNA was extracted from helicobacter pylori. amplification of ureG gene was performed using specific primers and the PCR products were cloned into pTZ vector using T/A cloning technique. the ureG gene was then cut from the pTZ vector using the XbaI and SalI enzymes and the gene was subcloned in the pCI-neo expression vector. the pCI-neo-ureG recombinant vector was transformed into CHO cells by electroporation, and ureG gene expression was detected on a SDS-PAGE gel.
The H. pylori ureG gene was amplified and isolated by PCR successfully. the results showed that the ureG gene was cloned into pTZ and pCI-neo vectors, correctly and the pCI-neo-ureG final construct was generated. the results of insertion of final construct into CHO cells showed the 23 KDa product on SDS-PAGE gel.
The ureG gene cloned into pCI-neo expression vector has the potency of expression and production of the specific product of this gene in CHO animal cell. therefore, this gene construct can be used as a suitable candidate for the further experiments of recombinant vaccines against H. pylori in animal models.

Priorities setting is an important process in conducting the national health research and targeting the respective performance becomes so important when there are limited human and financial resources
The purpose of this study was to determine the research priorities in the health domain in guilan province in 2014.
This study is a descriptive study of the needs assessment, conducted by using essential national health research (ENHR) strategy in collaboration with 21 organizations dealing with health in guilan province
Totally, 665 research priorities as health research priorities and 17 research areas were determined as follows social determinants of health, health care system, accidents, non-communicable diseases, contagious diseases, environmental health, reproductive health, maternal and child health, nutrition and food security, health and geriatrics, dental care, traditional medicine, occupational health, pharmaceutical technology and medical equipment, Pharmaceutical Systems, Professional Ethics and Medical Education.
The plan was structured research priorities in guilan university of medical sciences so that we can organize university research projects in line with the determined research priorities and allocate proper university financial resources.

Pesticide intoxication is one of the major public health problems in the world.
Pesticide intoxication is one of the major public health problems in the world. the aim of our study was to investigate the patternof acute pesticide poisoningin gorgan, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on all cases admitted to a university hospital in gorganwho were hospitalized due to pesticide poisoning during march 2008 to march 2016. data were obtained from medical records and SPSS software (ver. 16) and pearson's chi-squared test were used for data analysis.
A total of 1168 poisoning cases, 116 cases due to pesticide poisonings, were entered into the study. 74.1% (n=86)of them were men and 50% (n=58) aged 20–29 years. 52.6% (n=61) of cases were married and 55.2% (n=64) had educational degree up to high school diploma aluminum phosphide was the most commonly used toxic agent (62.9%, n=73), followed by organophosphate (23.3%, n=27). most of poisoning cases occurred following suicidal attempts (89.7%, n=104) andmost suicide attempts were made by aluminum phosphide (70.2%, n=73). overall, 26 patients (22.4%) died. the highest number of deaths was due to aluminum phosphide poisoning (96.1%, n=25) and most cases of mortality belonged to the age groups of 20-29 years(50%, n=13).
Among pesticides, poisoning with aluminum phosphide especially by suicide attempt was the most common causes of morbidity and mortality.

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths, and nearly 1 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. STAT3 is a key transcription factor for many cytokines and growth factors and plays a critical role in maintaining intracellular homeostasisin many aspects involving the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, malignant transformation, immune evasion and invasion, all of which are hallmarks of cancer. An obvious association between STAT3 gene polymorphisms and risk of cancers has been confirmed in different studies.
Given the prevalence of gastric cancer in Iran and the central role of STAT3 in different cancers including gastric cancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between STAT3 gene polymorphism (rs1053023) and gastric cancer.
This case-control study comprised of two groups: 120 patients and 150 healthy controls from Guilan province. After genomic DNA extraction from leukocytes, genotyping was carried out by tetra primers amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). MedCalc software (version 12.2) was applied for statistical analysis.
Among the cases, the proportions of STAT3 (rs1053023) AA, AG and GG were 75%, 19% and 6%, respectively. In the controls; these proportions were 22%, 60% and 18%. Allele frequencies of the STAT3 gene A and G were 84.5% and 15.5% in patients, while in the controls were 52% and 48%, respectively. Significant differences were found between cases and controls in Allele and genotype distributions of the STAT3 rs1053023 (p= 0.0007 and p=0.0001, respectively). The risk for gastric cancer associated with the A allele increased by five-folds [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.33-7.68]. Carriers of the AA genotype exhibited 10.5-fold (95% CI: 4.18-26.45) increased risk of gastric cancer, compared with the carriers of AG and GG genotype.
In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that STAT3 rs1053023 polymorphism is associated with the risk of gastric cancer in Guilan province. However, further research is required to clarify the role of STAT3 polymorphism in gastric cancer.

Background dentists as employed in the medical profession of dental patients are factors influencing the process of quitting tobacco.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the desire to encourage dentists in rasht to help patients quit tobacco consumption based on the protocol 5A.
In this cross-sectional study, we carried out the model 5A; where short 5 questions containing Asks, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange in relation to the patients who were asked to stop smoking and the extent of their participation in each of respective steps. In this study, we determined the desire of quit smoking by dentists. dentist’s demographic data were recorded and findings presented by descriptive reports.
The rate of participation in the study was 95%. A total of 152 people, (85 males and 67 females) with an age range of 27-52 years participated in the study. most of the patients and (almost 100%) dentists were involved in the plan. at the same time, none of the dentists did not arrange the follow up on their patients’ quit smoking program.
Findings show that although dentists were with no educational background to provide their advice to patients for quitting, they feel committed to this important issue broadly, general dentists are determined to eliminate smoking habit in their patients .

It is predicted that injuries due to traffic accidents will be the fifth cause of death by 2030 compared to the ninth place in 2004.
To determine the burden of rural traffic accidents and analyzing the related factors, their severity and rate
This study was performed in guilan province during four years (2009-2012). the study population included all dead cases due to accident in rural areas of guilan
Overall, 3478 leading-to-death accidentsoccurred, 80% of which were recorded in suburban and rural regions. during four years of study, death rate due to traffic accident was 4.5 times more in men than women. years of life lost(YLL in 1000 population) varied from 11.9 to 15.8 in the same period in both sexes.
Couclusion: For effective intervention programs, young adult men in rural areas should be trained. health network staff should make people aware of the dangers of passing cattle (horse, dog, cow, etc.) in the roads in the evening and At night time when drivers have insufficientvision.roadsides residentsshould also become aware of appropriate clothingfor more visiblity at night when crossing the rural roads

Snakebites is a health concern in many countries, causing irritation and discomfort and can even lead to death of the affected person. Clinical and laboratory findings may be different depending on the type of snake and geographic location. So, we studied snakebite patients referred to Razi hospital in a four-year period.
Evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings in snakebite patients admitted to poisoning unit in Razi Hospital in Rasht during 2011 till 2015.
In this retrospective study, all patients referred to poisoning ward of Razi hospital from March 2011 until March 2015 who had been diagnosed as snakebite patient were included.
In this study, 100 cases were investigated, 71 males and 29 female. The main age of our patients was 43.14± 21.19. Most of the patients were bitten in the spring and summer. The most site of bite was the lower limbs (53 cases). All of the cases had subcutaneous hemorrhage as the symptoms and complications of snake bites. among local symptoms of ssnake bite, pain was the most prevalent with 81 cases. All patients were received antibiotics and blood products. The average numbers of vials of antidote consumption per person 2.26 ± 0.77. There was no death in the cases.
The results of our study showed that subcutaneous complications such as bleeding, pain and edema are prevalent in these patients, and no death was observed. The results also showed the majority of stings in the extremities and in mountain areas, occurring in spring and summer, hence, equipping health centers and identifying common snakes in the mountainous regions, especially in spring and summer and reducing the getting access time for the antidote are recommended