فهرست مطالب

Human Capital in Urban Management - Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/08/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • I.F. Vincent, Akpu, F. Annor-Frempong Pages 171-180
    Fisheries support livelihood of over half a billion of people globally. Many of these people live in coastal regions of developing countries; and have limited capacity to adapt and build resilience in the face of climate change. This research assesses the biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics of fishers in four coastal communities, Komenda, Elmina, Cape coast and Morree, in Ghana. Structured questionnaire based on selected indicators that serve as proxy for components of the vulnerability were administered randomly to 237 fishers through face-to-face survey. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics profile of fishermen and how it will affect their susceptibility to climate change. There were slight differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the four communities, probably because of their similar physical locations and occupation. A theoretically-derived vulnerability index was used to determine their vulnerability which was based on the components of vulnerability identified from 1IPCC and capital assets identified from sustainable livelihood framework. The vulnerability index score in Morre was found to be the highest (0.64) while that of Elimina was the lowest (0.30). The size and activities in Elmina and Moree artisanal landing site did not play any role in the vulnerability of fishers in these communities rather better access to basic amenities and livelihood strategies affected their vulnerability. Since vulnerability and adaptations are highly specific to a particular people or location, this study will be used to examine the fishers’ vulnerability to climate change and to target adaptation interventions in these communities.
    Keywords: Coastal communities, Fishers, Livelihood, Vulnerability index
  • H.S. Kimaro, A.W. Kisingo Pages 181-188
    Ecological studies on road’s impact on wildlife have concentrated on vertebrates although less is known of their effects on invertebrates. The current study presents public road influences on species richness, abundance, and diversity of ground dwelling insects in Arusha National Park in Tanzania. Values from pitfall traps data were generally higher in core habitat than road verge. Nine species were only found in road verge and twenty eight species found only in core habitat. Results also show significant differences p≤0.01 in species richness, abundances and diversity of ground-dwelling insects, between road verge and core habitat with greater values for core area, where soil acidity was low and cation exchange capacity was high. Results suggest that high soil pH, relative to low soil pH, provides good conditions for different insects species. These findings provide evidence on the effect of public roads on distribution of wildlife communities in protected area and hence call for proper road design and management of established roads in protected areas.
    Keywords: Core area habitat, Fragmentation: Road resources, Road verge, Species distribution
  • M. Eshghizadeh Pages 189-202
    Integrating a geographic information system and multi-criteria decision making methods have been lead to provide spatial multi-criteria decision making methods. In this study, the spatial potential of flooding was determined based on analytic network process and analytic hierarchy process. At first, six factors of flooding were determined as criteria. The criteria were the slope, hill-slope aspect, curve number, snow, and rainfall on snow and land use. Also, 25 sub-criteria were determined for them. Then, the criteria and their sub-criteria were weighted based on the analytic network process and the analytic hierarchy process methods. In the next stage, were integrated the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria on their layers in the IlWIS 3 and were calculated the relative weighted average of flooding as the spatial potential of flooding. The results showed that analytic network process and the analytic hierarchy process methods have a high capability to estimate the potential of flooding. The analytic hierarchy process method had calculated the relative weighted average of flooding in the control and sample sub-catchments 26 and 23 percent, respectively. Also, the analytic network process method had calculated it 25 and 21 percent. Based on the results, the both methods have the same capability to estimate the potential of flooding, but for comparison of sub-catchments, the analytic hierarchy process method is recommended, whereas the analytic network process method is recommended for studying one sub-catchment and spatial variations of flooding. Moreover, the analytic hierarchy process method is simpler than analytic network process method to estimate the potential of flooding.
    Keywords: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Analytic network process (ANP), flooding, Geographic Information System (GIS), Spatial multi-criteria decision making (SMCDM)
  • S.A. Vedra, M.J.O. Baclayon, J.L. Labalan, D.D. Gonzales, H.E. Dejarme, J.P. Juario, P.G. Roxas Pages 203-210
    Declining fish catch, conversion of mangroves into fish ponds and overexploitation of coastal resources were rampant among the coastal areas of Philippines. Hence, the national government initiated the implementation of Philippine National Aquasilviculture Program aimed to achieve food security, promote sustainable development of fisheries resources, and reduce poverty incidence among fisherfolk and other disadvantaged groups. To this, the Mindanao State University at Naawan served as the academic partner of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region 10 in implementing three major projects namely, mangrove plantation, aquasilviculture and king crab hatchery in the community. Several people’s organizations in Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental and Lanao del Norte served as the project beneficiaries and implementors, particularly on mangrove plantation and aquasilviculture projects. After a year of mangrove planting, 621,852 living propagules survived (48.47%) from 1,282,770 propagules planted. In terms of aquasilviculture project, bangus cultured had a harvest of 3,513 from 4,500 juveniles reared, while only 50 individuals matured crabs were harvested out of 8,700 crablets raised simultaneously with the bangus in the same aquasilviculture pens. Hatchery of king crab attained ~1% zoeas that turned to megalopa stage. Only few reached to crablet stage due to severe cannibalism and microbial contamination. Major challenges of the project included the lack of support from local governments, internal issues of the organizations and natural disturbances like storm occurrences. All issues and concerns were brought to the partners people’s organizations and Regional Steering Committee for further deliberations and appropriate actions should similar projects be undertaken in the future.
    Keywords: Aquasilviculture, Ccoastal Resources, Fisherfolk, Mangroves, Philippine National Aquasilviculture Program (PNAP)
  • A. Busari, J. Oyedepo, A. Modupe, G. Bamigboye, L. Olowu, J. Adediran, F. Ibikunle Pages 211-218
    This research elucidates the trip pattern of the low-density residential zone in a semi-urban industrial cluster of southwestern Nigeria. These sets of dwellers are often times neglected in the transportation planning process with the view that it is not a residential zone. Domiciliary information gathering procedure was employed in the analysis with 0.82 return rates. It was backed up with the focus group discussion method. Data on Frequency of trips, per capita trip, modal choice, and socio-economic and demographic data were collected, collated, and analysed using statistical software. Accordingly, a predictive model was formulated for the trip pattern for the low-density area. This was achieved with the aid of statistical software SPSS version 21.Consequently, the results of the multiple regression models showed that both monthly income and car ownership had a significant positive influence on the work trip while only car ownership positively influences non-work trip. R2 values of 0.729 and 0.739 were obtained for the descriptive model at 95% confidence level. This established the robustness of the model, the analysis showed that monthly income and car ownership had a significant positive influence on the work trip with an R-square value of 0.729 and 0.739 for work and non-work trip respectively. This indicated that household will embark on more trips with an increase in car ownership and monthly income. However, effective transportation planning and traffic infrastructural development are recommended to meet the demands of the increased number of trips daily.
    Keywords: Density, Predictive model, Transportation Planning, Trip Pattern
  • Z. Mehran Pages 219-228
    Spirituality by creating an atmosphere of trust in the workplace increases the commitment. This commitment includes an employee’s commitment to the organization and the organization's commitment to its employees and customers. In organizations with high levels of spirituality, employees have more positive attitudes and organizational commitment compared to organizations lacking the same values. The present study tries to investigate the relationship of spirituality in the workplace with the organizational commitment and the organizational citizenship behavior among the employees. Structured questionnaire is used for data collection and significance of the relationship between the research variables and the hypothesis are determined through LISREL software and the Structural Equation Modeling. The sample size, using the formula of sampling from a limited society, is 166 employees from total of 472workers. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Moreover the Organizational Commitment has a positive impact on organizational Citizenship Bbehavior too. This study has been performed in District 9 of Tehran Municipality in 2015.
    Keywords: Organizational citizenship behavior, Organizational Commitment, Spirituality, Structural Equation Modeling, Workplace
  • H. Ahmadi, A.H. Taghizad Farahmand Pages 229-242
    The growth of urban populations in recent decades requires physical elements such as residential, commercial and cultural spaces and the development of infrastructure such as streets and highways, which will open a new horizon to the historic texture of cities and how to preserve and restore them. The development of new urban textures along with the lack of attention to the historic texture and the transformation of the form and structure of the old neighborhoods of the city, promotes the expansion of new physical elements and the oblivion of historic elements. In this research, first, various management dimensions and then issues related to the restoration and conservation of historic textures, problems with these types of textures, issues procedures and legal and historic measures are discussed, then by using the field survey in the direction of achieving quantitative and qualitative findings and in the format of statistical methods an using the questionnaire, the required data for the research are collected from managers and citizens and the results will be presented in the form of a chart. In this regard, four hypotheses are tested and are finally concluded and summed up. This research seeks to answer the question of whether restoring and conserving the historic texture of the District 12 of Tehran municipality could be achieved through the formulation of management strategies or not.
    Keywords: Historic Texture, Integrated Management, Management Strategies, Restoration, Urban Management
  • V. Hemaloshinee, M. Nomahaza Pages 243-250
    In describing the behavior of employees, classified organizational citizenship behavior is applied and has been named as a "good member". In the working climate, the substance of building organizational citizenship behavior could not distinguish from the existing commitment within employees. The challenges and contribution of organizational citizenship behavior are to be a driving force in the foundation of effectiveness of hospitality industry. To throw an upright citizen in organizations, the industry should puzzle out if not the industry cannot live without paying an act as an “honest citizen”. A true contribution of employees should understand the organizational citizenship behavior while not everybody can express it. Supervisors in the hospitality industry will reward with high ratings if employees demonstrate high organizational citizenship behavior, but employees who are express low level of organizational citizenship behavior can justify that the particular industry need to direct the importance of extra-role behavior in organizations. Thusly, the criticism of this topic is to identify the problem and challenges confronted by employees in the hospitality industry. In this industry, organizational citizenship behavior is a key predictor in reducing all barriers to guarantee the effectiveness of the organization can be achieved. However, the rationale of this review paper to define the challenges and contributions that can earn by the hospitality management in improving the staff functioning, reducing turnover intention and increase the staff satisfaction.
    Keywords: Benefits, contribution, Challenges, Hospitality industry, Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)