Journal of Research and Health
Volume:7 Issue: 6, Nov-Dec 2017

Health psychology is the defined as studying of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. It contributes to is concerned with the understanding of how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute role to in physical health and illness. Psychological factors can affect health directly. For example, health is hurt by the chronically occurring environmental stressors which cumulatively affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, cumulatively, can harm health. On the other hand, a person's health is also interwoven with the Behavioral behavioral factors can also affect a person's health. For exampleinstance, certain behaviors behaviors, including smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can, over time, harm (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption) health but exercise and diet low in saturated fat or can enhance health (exercise, diet low in saturated fat).

Feeding problems are common in infant and young children. These problems affect mother and child relationship. The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of parent management training in reducing children’s feeding problems. The present study was a semi-experimental research based on pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. 34 mothers whose children had feeding problems were chosen and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Then, experimental group was intervened using training program for mothers for six sessions. Control group didn’t receive any intervention. Mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed in three time intervals (pretest, posttest and follow-up) by the questionnaire of feeding problems. Findings of repeated measure analysis indicated that training programs for parents significantly reduced the feeding problems. This finding confirmed that parent training program is an effective intervention for reducing feeding problems.

Obsessive-compulsive and sleep disorders are among the most common disorders in general population and therefore aim of present study was to determine role of personality traits in predicting obsessive-compulsive disorder and sleep quality among dormitory students. The participants included 277 university students that were selected randomly. Goldberg big five personality inventory-short form, maudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory, and pittsburgh sleep quality index were used to collect data. The results indicated positive relationship between neuroticism and high obsessive-compulsive disorder among university students and openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were correlated with low obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, neuroticism was related to low sleep quality and conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness and extraversion were correlated with high sleep quality among university students. In continue, results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that neuroticism, openness, extraversions and agreeableness altogether predicted 0.53 of the variance in obsessive-compulsive disorder and conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion altogether predicted 0.54 of the variance in sleep quality among university students living in dormitories. The results obtained from the present study demonstrated that personality traits play a significant role in determining obsessive-compulsive disorder and sleep quality among university students.

Diabetes, in addition to adverse physical effects, is associated with many psychological problems. The correlation between physical health and emotional intelligence are acceptable. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of emotional intelligence training in glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes. The present study was a quasi-experimental research, which was conducted in Mashhad city, Iran. The participants included 20 patients referring to the diabetic centers. They were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of experiment (n=10) and control (n=10). To measure blood glucose, the level of HbA1c in patients was measured before and after training. The experimental group attended in a period of emotional intelligence training. The training sessions were held as group discussion during 8 weeks, one session of 120-min per week. The findings suggest that emotional intelligence training significantly reduced the level of blood glucose (HbA1c) in the test group compared to the control group. Based on the results, emotional intelligence training, as a psychological intervention, by affecting understanding, interpretation, regulation and efficient use of excitement, is effective along with medication therapy in controlling blood glucose in type II diabetic patients.

Unconstructive conflict resolution and couple burnout have a negative impact on quality of marital life. Brief self-regulation couple therapy is one of the effective approaches in transmission teachings and marital skills to couples. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of brief self-regulation couple therapy in conflict resolution and couple burnout among troubled couples. This was a quasi-experimental research that employed a pre and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised the couples who referred to the health houses of Tehran city. The couples were selected according to convenience sampling method. Thus, upon an announcement, a sample of 30 couples who were eligible for the study and received lower scores in communicational conflict resolution scale and couple burnout inventory was selected as participants. They were assigned into two groups of experimental and control (n=15 in each group). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of brief self-regulation couple therapy and the control group received no treatment. The results showed that there were significant differences in the posttest scores between the experimental and control groups, indicating that brief self-regulation couple therapy could significantly improve conflict resolution and reduce couple burnout among couples. Thus, interventions based on brief self-regulation couple therapy could be useful in improving conflict resolution and reducing couple burnout of couples.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in depression reduction and blood sugar control in diabetic patients with Behavioral Inhibition type of personality. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design employing one experimental and one control group. The participants were 225 patients in Tehran. First, 30 patients with diabetes Type 2 were selected on the basis of interview and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (n=15 in each group). Then, Wilson’s personality questionnaire and beck’s depression inventory were used to collect data. After conducting the pretest and measuring blood sugar level, the experimental group received an intervention in eight sessions of 120 minutes while the control group received no intervention. Finally, the posttest was administered to both groups. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the results of the pretest and posttest, indicating that mindfulness-based training had a positive effect on the reduction of stress as well as reduction of blood sugar among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the mindfulness-based educational method can be used in clinics and healthcare centers to reduce stress and blood sugar levels among patients suffering from diabetes Type 2.

AIDS is a problem threatening public health throughout the world, especially developing countries. Injecting drug users are most at risk of HIV infection and account for 68.15% of all suffering cases in Iran. This study investigated the effect of health intervention on the AIDS preventive behaviors among addicts based on HBM. This was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design. The study sample comprised 88 randomly selected male addicts being kept at rehabilitation centers in Khorramabad, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected through questionnaire designed to assess health belief model structures as well as knowledge, and behavior domains. The educational content was designed, edited, and executed after the analysis of pretest results. The intervention group received 3 sessions each of 90 minutes. Two months after the intervention, the posttest was performed using the same questionnaire. The results showed that mean scores of perceived benefits, self-efficacy, susceptibility, severity, knowledge, and preventive behaviors significantly increased in the intervention group after the intervention while the mean score of perceived barriers significantly decreased. Based on the results of this study, of this survey, it can be concluded that an increase in the score of health belief model structures including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived benefits could result in adopting preventive behaviors against AIDS. Therefore, this survey confirms the efficacy of health belief model in adopting AIDS preventive practices among addicts.

According to the necessity of screening and identifying the people exposed to mental disorders to determine the prevalence of these disorders in order to taking preventive actions and developing a treatment plan, this study was aimed to compare psychological profiles of people based on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) according to gender and marital status in a sample of Iranian general population. Statistical population included all of Iranian people between 18 to 80 years old that had passed at least 8 years of education and had no history of mental illness and brain injury. 1418 participants were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and were assessed by MMPI-2. Results showed that there was significant difference between males and females in the subscales of F, K, Hs, D, Hy, MF, Pt, Ma, and Si and also between single people and married people in the subscales of L, F, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc and Ma. In general, findings of present study suggest that males have different patterns of mental disorders than females and married people have a different pattern of mental disorders in comparison of single people and they have different types of mental health problems. But, regarding male's higher scores in F and K validity scales and higher scores of married people in L validity scale in acceptance the findings of this study should be more cautious.

Exercise is an acceptable method for improving and maintaining the physical and emotional health. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of yoga training program and aerobic exercise on the mental health of divorced women. Two experimental groups and one control group were employed in this quasi-experimental study. The number of 30 divorced women was randomly divided into three groups. The experimental groups involved in yoga (n=10) and aerobics training (n=10) and received 16 exercise sessions for two months. The control group (n=10) received no training. General health questionnaire-28 was employed to evaluate the mental health of participants. Covariance analysis was used as the statistical method. The obtained results indicated that the intervention improved significantly the mental health indices in the intervention groups of yoga and aerobics. In comparison of the effectiveness of yoga and aerobics exercises, the results showed that there is not significant difference between the effectiveness of yoga and aerobics. Therefore, the two methods of exercise are effective on improving the mental health.

Divorce is a fact that family institution has been experiencing it in today’s world. In Iran society due to the importance of family, any damage to this institution is unfortunate. The aim of current study was the surveying of effect of acceptance and commitment based training on psychological well being and marital satisfaction in divorce applicants couples. The design of the study is as experimental research with pretest and post test with control group. Statistical population was all clients who exposed to divorce and confer to the courts in Arak city. Samples were selected at first by available sampling method and after completing psychological well being questionnaire and marital satisfaction questionnaire, and obtaining score for enter to research, were placement using random sampling method in two experimental and control groups (10 couples in each group). Experimental group were trained during 10 one hour sessions. The results showed that acceptance and commitment based training could significantly affect psychological well-being and marital satisfaction of Divorce Applicants Couples. According to these results, the acceptance and commitment training is affective on improving of psychological well being and marital satisfaction of divorce applicants couples.

As a stressful profession, nursing deals with different aspects of human health and illness, and stress can threaten nurses’ health and performance. As a result, using preventive stress management programs seems necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral stress management training in improving psychological symptoms (stress, anxiety, and depression) and quality of life in nurses. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population comprised all nurses working in Bandar Abbas Shariati Hospital. The study sample included all 30 nurses selected through convenience sampling method. They equally and randomly were divided into experiment and control groups. Depression, anxiety, and stress scale and the Farsi version of WHOQOL-BREF were used to collect data. The results showed there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest of experimental group in the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and quality of life; however, there was no significant difference in depression. Control group mean scores did not show a significant difference between pretest and posttest. There was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups before intervention in stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The findings of this study suggest that, as a useful clinical intervention, stress management skill training is an effective way to improve mental distress and quality of life.

The impact of music and its psychological and physiological changes during exercise is issue that has always been focused on sport science experts. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of musical exercise on aerobic capacity and quality of life in elderly men. This study was conducted on 45 elderly men. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups: aerobic musical exercise, non-musical, and control groups. The exercise group performed a program for 8 weeks, 3 times per week. The quality of life was measured using quality of life scale and the level of aerobic capacity was measured using Bruce test. The results showed that eight weeks of musical and non-musical aerobic exercise can result in significant improvement in anaerobic capacity and quality of life of elderly men. The result showed a significant difference among the three groups considering anaerobic capacity and quality of life of elderly men. Tukey post hoc test indicated no significant differences between the aerobic exercise with and without-music; whereas, there was a significant different among these groups and the control group. It can be concluded that participating in exercise program can enhance the aerobic capacity and quality of life elderly men and such programs can be recommended for this aged population to facilitate their aging process.