Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:12 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2017

Objective- The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy MSCs transplantation in combination with low level laser irradiation (low level laser irradiation) in repair of experimental acute spinal cord injury.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals- 28 adult male Wistar Rats.
Procedures- A ballon- compression technique was used to produce an injury at the T8-T9 level of spinal cord applying Fogarty embolectomy catheter. In group-1, the autologous MSCs were transplanted to the spinal cord lesion; and followed by treatment with low level laser irradiation during 15 consecutive days in group-2. The injured rats in third group were treated by LLLI alone. The functional recovery was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotion scoring along 5 weeks.
Results-In these three treatment groups, the score was significantly higher than control group. The differences among group-2 and two other treatment groups were statistically significant during all five weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences in BBB score between group-1(MSCs) and group-3(LLLI) at 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks of treatment. According to histopathological findings, the best response was observed in group-2(MSCsⲲ) that repair of injured parts of dorsal funiculi and less cavitation were occurred by proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation to glial cells especially oligodendrocytes resulting in axon regeneration and relatively spinal cord recovery.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- The findings of present study, demonstrate that concurrent use of LLLI and local transplantation of MSCs exhibits profound effects on axon regeneration and revealed remarkable functional improvement. These results suggest that MSCs characteristics could be influenced by low level laser irradiation, so this treatment may be as a useful procedure for neural regeneration, although further detailed investigations needs to be carried out particularly in clinical cases.

Objective- The purpose of present study was to investigate the viability of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) treated with doxycycline.
Design- Experimental study.
Sample population- FLSs from metacarpophalangeal joints of six skeletally mature horses.
Methods- FLSs were established from synovial fluids of healthy joints. The cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 300, 400 µg/ml) or without doxycycline for 48-hour. Viability of FLSs was determined by MTT assay and the Trypan blue dye exclusion method.
Results- No significant differences were observed between viability of FLSs cultures treated with doxycycline until 150 µg/ml and control group (P>0.05). Doxycycline at 300 and 400 µg/ml significantly decreased FLSs viability (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance- These findings demonstrate that doxycycline was not toxic for equine FLSs at concentration equal or less than 150 µg/ml in vitro. Further studies are needed to investigate the safety, efficacy and detrimental effects of doxycycline in equine joints.

Objective- The study aims to determine efficacy of propofol as an inmersión agent to induce anesthesia in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Design- Experimental study.
Animals- 36 healthy rainbow trout
Procedure- Trouts were sorted ramdomly in two groups, 18 fish each one. Both groups were anesthesized by bath, one of them with 2,5 mg/l, the other one at 5 mg/l concentration. During the experiment, basal respiratory rate, partial and total equilibrium loss, time to anesthesia, anaesthesia respiratory rate and manipulation response were recorded.
Results and Conclusion- Induction and recovery times as well as behavioural response were recorded, being significantly affected by propofol concentration (P Clinical relevance- The results of the present work provide data to be used in surgical procedures and containment maneuvers in the different practices performed in fish farming.

Objective-The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effects of Ag+ zeolite/gelatin nanocomposite on excisional wound healing in rat animal model.
Design-Experimental study
Animals-Eighteen male Sprague-Dawly rats weighing 200-220g
Procedure- Ag+ zeolite/gelatin nanocomposite was fabricated by sol-gel method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. MTT assay and antimicrobial activity evaluation of the nanocomposite were performed. Under general anesthesia, a full thickness wound measuring 1.5×1.5 cm was created on dorsal area of each rat. The animals were equally and randomly divided into three groups of 6 each i.e. group I (0.9% sodium chloride), group II (gelatin –treated) and group III (nanocomposite –treated). The solutions and the formulation were applied topically on the wound once daily for 14 days. Photograph of each wound was taken on days 0,3,6,9,12 and 14 post wound creation. The area of wound was determined planimetrically. At 14 days, animals euthanized and skin samples were taken to histopathologicl evaluation (H&E staining).
Results- In this work, we successfully prepared Ag+ zeolite/gelatin nanocomposite. The prepared nanocomposite showed antimicrobial activity due to Ag ion-exchanging. The results indicate nanocomposite is safe up to 0.1 mg/ml of Ag+ zeolite/gelatin nanocomposite. Nanocomposite treated group exhibited enchantment of wound closure and accelerate wound healing time (pConclusion and clinical relevance- In conclusion, biocompatible Ag+ zeolite/gelatin nanocomposite might have great application for open and full thickness wound healing.

Objective- Current trends emphasize the acceleration of fracture healing on the ground that in doing so, the limitation of mobility and complications associated with recovery period are reduced. The present study aims to compare autogenic costal cartilage with Chitosan scaffold in canine humeral defect healing.
Design- Experimental study
Animal-15 adult male dogs
Procedures- Dogs were divided into three groups of five. Humerus window shaped defect was created in their right hands. In the first group (controls), the defect was left untreated. In the second and third groups, Chitosan and autogenic costal cartilage were placed into the defects, respectively. Radiographs of the defects were prepared at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 and finally the dogs were euthanized after 70 days. Histological sections were also obtained from the defect sites.
Result-The results indicated that the costal cartilage alone treated group was inferior to both Chitosan treated and control groups, so cartilage does not seem to serve as a suitable alternative for grafting in canine bone defects.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Taking into account the results and other recent reports, it can be concluded that chitosan scaffolds with greater capabilities can be used in canine bone defect healing, however, for ideal bone tissue regeneration, chitosan as a base has to be combined with other materials including those mentioned above. The present study results showed that cartilage cannot serve as a proper alternative for grafting.

Objective- The aim of this study was to investigate the PRP effects on the early time-period during tendon healing in rabbits DDF tendon.
Design-Experimental study
Animals- Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits
Procedure-PRP samples were prepared using twice centrifugation method of modification of the Cuarsan technique. Animals were randomly assigned into two equal treatment and control groups. The injury model was unilateral complete transection through the middle one third of deep digital flexor tendon. Immediately after primary repair, either 0.5 cc PRP or placebo was injected intratendiously into the suture site in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Operated limbs were immobilized for two weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the third week and the tendons underwent histopathological (H&E and MT staining) and biomechanical evaluation.
Results- The histopathological (H&E) observation showed significant increase in percentage of fibrillar linearity, fibrillar contiuity, number of capillaries in epitenon and epitenon thickness in PRP treated group compared to the control group (pConclusion and clinical relevance-The present study findings suggest that PRP is a simple, safe, quick and cost effective way to obtain a natural concentration of autologous growth factors which reduce the risk of rupture after tendon primary repair and improve functional outcomes.

Objective- Evaluate analgesic effect of meloxicam and tramadol following dental extractions in cats.
Design-Experimental study
Animals-20 DSH cats who were diagnosed with 3rd or 4th stage of periodontal disease at their third mandibular premolar were entered the study in order to perform surgical dental extraction.
Procedure-A blood sample was taken prior to surgery to assess the level of cortisol and CPK. General anesthesia performed using ketamine and diazepam (IV, 8.5 mg/kg.2 mg/kg) and inhalation of isoflurane following intubation. 3rd mandibular premolar extracted in all of the patients using surgical procedure. The cats were randomly selected into two groups of A receiving Meloxicam (IV, 0.2 mg/kg) or B, receiving tramadol (IV, 3 mg/kg) at the time of induction of anesthesia. The analgesics were continued after the surgery for 24 hours. The score of pain were recorded using UMPS and assessment of serum level of cortisol and CPK at 2, 4 and 24 hours after the surgery performed.
Results-The highest score of pain was recorded at 4 hours after the surgery in both groups. Level of cortisol was significantly higher at 4 hours after the procedure in group B (P= 0.035). The increase in CPK was statistically significant at 2,4 and 24 hours after the surgery in group B when compared to group B (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance- It is concluded that although tramadol and meloxicam are both effective in reducing pain at early hours after the surgery, meloxicam is more effective to control pain after the first few hours.

Objective-The objective of this study was to compare effects of olive oil and lime water combination with silver sulfadiazine in third-degree burn healing.
Design-Randomized experimental study.
Animals-Sixty-three adult male Bulb/C mice weighing25±5 gr.
Procedures-The mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine 10% and xylazine 2% combination and the third-degree burn wound was created in the area of 1×1 cm at the dorsum of the animals using an innovated electrical device. There were three groups of 21 as follows: Group I–Negative control; which received the topical normal saline solution, Group II–Positive control; with the daily topical application of silver sulfadiazine ointment, and Group III–Treatment; which was received topical olive oil plus lime water, daily. Each group was divided into three subgroups and topical treatments or saline were applied to each subgroup for 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. No other dressing was used. The mice of each subgroup were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21 and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained slides were prepared. Histopathologic evaluations include epidermal thickness, secondary infection, and percentage of collagen, ground substance, fibroblast, and blood vessels.
Results-Group II showed significantly less secondary infection, and secondary infection in group III was significantly reduced compared to group I. The epidermal thickness of group III had a significant difference with group II at 2nd week. Both group II and III were induced more collagen synthesis at 2nd week compared to group I. This was also true about ground substance. Group III had more angiogenesis at 2nd week compared to others, but ultimately this difference was diminished.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Despite lime water has some cytotoxic effects, combining with olive oil can reduce these unwanted effects. Thus, the combination may be beneficial in third-degree burn wounds in mice compared to routinely used silver sulfadiazine therapy.

Case Description A six-month-old female Tibetan spaniel dog with repeated rectal prolapse and unsuccessful treatments was referred to the clinic of faculty of veterinary medicine of Razi University (Kermanshah, Iran). With regarding the patient’s history colopexy was done through celiotomy incision, but 3 days later the patient referred again with recurrence of prolapse.
Clinical Findings On abdominal palpation, a sausage like mass was felt in the abdomen. The clinical parameters were in the normal range, but stool samples proved the presence of giardia. The hemagglutination test for parvovirus was positive too.
Treatment and Outcome Exploratory celiotomy revealed presence of double intussusception.The intussuscepted segments were edematous and congested with adhesions and signs of devitalization. Resection and re-anastomosis was performed. The patient died 24 hours after surgery. The owner didn’t allow post-mortem examination; though the actual cause of death was remained unknown. The animal death can be related to weakness due to parvovirus and giardia enteritis, delay in treatment of underlying disease, electrolyte imbalance, surgical stress and inadequate postoperative management.
Clinical Relevance Puppies and kittens have a much higher incidence of intussusception than adult animals. Any portion of the alimentary tract may be involved, but previous studies have indicated that the majority of intussusceptions in small animal are enterocolic. Prompt and precise diagnosis and accurate treatment with considering underlying diseases such as infectious enteritis and endoparrasitism is very important to save the patient life.

Case Description- A 1-year-old female Domestic Shorthair cat weighing 2.5 kg with one week history of protruding mass from the vulva was admitted.
Clinical Findings- The prolapse was complete involving both horns protruding from the vulva and a soft bulging mass was palpable inside the prolapsed uterus.
Treatment and Outcome- The prolapsed organ was irrigated with warm saline solution and the debris was cleaned. A ventral midline celiotomy was performed for reduction of the mass and sterilization of the cat.
The urinary bladder was incarcerated in the right horn of the uterus. The left ovary was inside the mass beside the bladder. Ovarian pedicles were intact but broad ligament was torn. An ovariohysterectomy was performed.
Clinical Relevance- Complete uterine prolapse is an emergency case of surgery. If the prolapse includes abdominal contents, amputation of the mass may be avoided and reduction of the uterus and abdominal contents through celiotomy should be prioritized. It seems that this case is the first report of an ovarian prolapse coincident with retroversion of the uterus. The prognosis following ovariohysterectomy is excellent if shock and hemorrhage are treated appropriately.