نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 64، مهر و آبان 1396)

Using bio-indicators, like bird's feathers can represent bio-transference of pollutants in the environment components better. This study was conducted to study and interpolate heavy metal pollution in laughing dove’s feather as a bio-indicator.
The heavy metals of Lead and Cadmium were studied in both western and eastern zones of Yazd by feather of laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) as a bio-indicator of environment pollution. To measure the concentration of heavy metals, chemical digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry methods were applied. Finally, the obtained results were interpolated by Kriging method in GIS environment.
The concentration of heavy metals in all samples were 19.88 ± 1.01 μg g-1 for Lead and 0.87 ± 0.03 μg g-1 for Cadmium. The minimum concentration of Lead was 13.87 μg g-1 and its maximum concentration was 31.35 μg g-1. The minimum and maximum concentrations of Cadmium were 0.42 μg g-1 and 1.29 μg g-1, respectively. Lead had higher concentration, while Cadmium had lower concentration than the threshold threat for birds. Interpolation maps in GIS showed higher pollution distribution in the eastern half of Yazd city. Interpolation and statistical analysis of Lead and Cadmium concentrations had similar results showing higher pollution in the eastern half of the city.
Pollution pattern of Yazd represented the effects of human activities and environmental transfer of pollutions on the increase of heavy metal's emissions in the eastern half of the city. The current results showed that laughing dove has suitable biological characteristics to be used as a pollution biological indicator.

Our age is the age of planning , planning is especially important for people’s educational needs.the purpose of this study is to check out the training needs. Prioritizing needs and designing a lesson education plan based an priorities for the workers of central Iron ore company in bafgh
Analysis this research is a qualitatire study using the FGD technique (group discussion) and have been done by 12health professionals and attended by 46 Iron ore workers. The obtained data were analized using content analysis method.after collecting responses using the matrix table and the nominal group.the needs were prioritized .
Findings:The needs and problems felt by professionals and workers were different .In total conceptual codes ,93Codes were included in five main themes , from the health professionals,point of view ,the most needs workforce was occupational disease, while it was it was mental health from the workers, point of view ,the most needs workforce was occupational disease, while it was mental health from the workers, point of view .
Coclusion: physicians seem to less consider the psychological dimension because of the physical aspect of their health , and the existing Curriculum to health issues .Therefore,educational content should be designed and implemented in accordance with the health needs of the workers

Safety culture reflects the values, attitudes, perceptions, and behavior patterns of individual or collective efforts and commitment, success and effectiveness of a safety management system is determined.The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting safety culture is one of the steel industry.
The most familiar tool to measure psychological aspects, safety culture questionnaire.In this cross - sectional study using a standard questionnaire, 202 personnel of a company producing steel were studied. The questionnaire has 74 questions in two parts of sociological and questions to measure safety culture.The collected data is transferred to spss software(version 19) and using descriptive statistics and analytical results were analyzed.
The average final score safety culture in the participants in this study was 167/98 ± 22/07 from the total score of 325.The difference of scores of safety culture in the various educational groups is statistically significant(p=0/02). In addition, the difference of safety culture total score were statistically significant among workers with and without accidents(p=0/02) .
According to the findings, the safety culture has the highest correlation with the dimension of management commitment. Management organization with appropriate support in planning and implementing safety programs play an important role in creating, fostering a safety culture that lives lead to safe behaviors evolve, improve safety culture and thus reduce the accident statistics agency.

Intredaction: The impact of Weight on Quality of Life(IWQOL-lite) is a self-report questionnaire that measures quality of life in obesity. it is consist of 31 questions and five dimensions (physical function, self-esteem, sexual activity, anxiety presence in public places and work). The aim of present study was to translate, reliability and validity in Iranian version of iwqol-lite .
this study is a Cross-sectional study were obtained from 306 people that aged over 18 years and bmi over 18 that living in Yazd city with cluster sampling method. Test the reliability was assessed by using internal consistency and ICC. validity was assessed by concurrent , discriminant and construct validity. Softwarw using SPSS & mplus .
Internal consistency ranged from 0.84- 0.97. of at least intraclass correlation coefficients were over 0.70(exept sexual activity) for all dimention. Discriminant validity suggest the following distinction is group sex and weight. Confirmatory factor analysis model in the sample is confirmed.
The results confirm that Iranian version of IWQOL-lite has adequate physcometricpropertice.

Listeria monocytogenes is an important psychrotrophic foodborne pathogen that exists in poultry meat and causes listeriosis with severe clinical consequences such as meningitis, septicemia, and abortion. Therefore, contamination of food stuff implies a significant health risk for human. Data on contamination of poultry meat and poultry slaughterhouse with Listeria monocytogenes are scarce in Iran. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and Listeria monocytogenes in poultry meat and poultry slaughterhouse environment in the city of Yazd.
To determine the presence of L.monocytogenes culture media and biochemical tests were used; then, isolates were confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). At the end, the antibiogram test was conducted to determine antibiotic resistance.
A total of 811 samples selected from the two slaughter houses were analyzed; from which 104 samples (12.8%) were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. The highest amount of contamination was observed in Swap the Cold storage surfaces , while the lowest levels of contamination were related to chicken carcass before chiller. The highest amount of antibiotic resistance was for ampicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin.
The results of this study indicate contamination of chicken meat and antibiotic resistance of isolated Listeria monocytogenes. Since chicken meat is highly consumed and is transferred in raw form, also due to lack of proper control and use of antibiotics during breeding, it can lead to serious health risks in the community. Lack of knowledge about risks of listeriosis indicates the need for implementing food safety education programs. In addition, the Iranian food safety authorities should urgently set up an effective standard to screen all susceptible foods for the presence of Listeria.

By knowing the water consumption rate in different sectors can be done essential planning the water supply. In this study was investigated the rate of per capita domestic water consumption in ardakan urban area and its relationship with water consumption variables.
this descriptive - cross sectional study and was conducted to cluster sampling method over 300 families in ardakan. The research questionnaire including background information (location type, level of education, gender, family size, job and the amount of income) and also variables related to building (level whole earth, level infrastructure, age of building, level green space, water Supply Source green space, Flow meters status and Amount Consumption). The research data were analyzed with the help of software spss 16.
Average daily water consumption, families the studied 518.23 liter and per capita domestic consumption 147.16 Liters per day was calculated. Study results showed there is significant relationship between average households water consumption with the increasing number of bathrooms, number of washing machines and increase the number washing machines, also there is a significant relationship between per capita domestic water consumption and increase in commuting guests.
Domestic consumption per capita the families the studied and without counting the water losses lines distribution network more than the average per capita domestic water consumption (without counting water green space) and due to the water shortage and imbalance of drinking water across the country and especially the desert areas of Ardakan, it is essential with an acute awareness of cases water consumption in the domestic sector, provide solutions and the necessary training in this section the good decisions must be taken.

The audit process planning is a fundamental basis in the exercise of audit process. The peresent study aimed to identify the impact of the audit process planning on the total quality management. That audit planning as independent variable including audit process planning, preparing audit strategy, documenting audit process, and Total Quality Management.as dependent variable.
for this reason 2 parted questionnaire including audit process planning under standard 300 and total quality management were used as.To gathering data. The population is composed of 310 employed auditors in institutions of Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants and and 172 samples was selected by utilizing from Corcoran formula… Using stratified sampling, 172 samples are selected that finally 111 useable questionnaire were acquired.
This study showed that the planning of the audit process has a significant effect on the quality management (p = 0.004) and direct (r = 0/358), the designing of the audit plan for comprehensive quality management (P = 0.001) p) and direct (r = 0/512) and documenting the audit process on total quality management has a significant effect (p = 0.001) and direct (r = 0.5557).
The results of the study of approving hypotheses was under investigation. So it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant impact of audit process planning under Auditing Standard (300) on the Total Quality Management. were the greatest impacts for the variable of documenting audit process.

One of the first and most important factor in improving the care and treatment processes in measuring the quality of services and accountability of service providers see clients. This paper aims to examine the relationship between service quality and responsiveness of the hospital and its relationship with loyal patients in governmental hospitals of Yazd took place in 2015.
This cross-sectional study on 200 patients admitted to government hospitals in Yazd was conducted in 1395. The data service quality questionnaires, the questionnaire was to meet WHO and loyalty questionnaire. Data analysis using SPSS software and using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used.
The mean (SD) maximum service quality dimensions related to the understanding of disease (3/95 ± 0/67) and the lowest mean and standard deviation related to the intangible (3/58 ± 0/63), respectively. Among the aspects to meet the highest mean and standard deviation related to access to social protection network (2/26 ± 0/88) and the lowest mean and standard deviation of communication with patients (2/55 ± 0/88), respectively. Loyal mean and standard deviation of (2/55 ± 0/6), respectively. A significant correlation between the quality of accountability, loyalty and allegiance to meet quality was observed (P The results suggest that the quality and responsiveness of patients was effective loyalty. Therefore, managers should also planned in order to improve the quality of service, attention to patient's intangible aspects of culture and promote Responsiveness in the hospital.

Today, international organizations have greater attention to the health and well-being of people from the psychological aspect; because people are facing new issues during the day that would affect their mental health; Therefore, particular attention to these damages and issues surrounding it, as well as factors causing mental health in all environments would cause that we have high level mental health for each individual and eventually for whole society, in the first stage. Since a large part of the individuals day and night time has spent at work. So, the identification of different factors affecting the psychological well-being in the workplace becomes more important than other places.
This study having a casual approach, is analytical in terms of its objective, and also descriptive regarding the nature of data collecting. To measure the variables in the model, we have used questionnaire with 48 questions in a sample of 125 staff of Red Crescent society in Yazd province. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all variables was at an acceptable level, and, also to achieve the result we have applied structural equation modeling.
The results showed that perceived organizational justice and its aspects have significant positive influence on staff psychological well-being.
The organizations managers can create areas of understanding justice for their staff in different aspects of distributive, procedural, informational and interpersonal, then underlying conditions that staff find the feeling of satisfaction and happiness while emphasizing the positive aspects of their physical and psychological health in order to try for realizing their talents.

Accumulating evidence suggests that fruits and vegetables intake (FVI) plays a protective role against major diseases. Regarding the crucial role of women in feeding the family, we investigated effectiveness of education on fruits and vegetables consuming behavior of rural women in Chabahar applying theory of planned behavior.
Rural Native Chabahar women (n =152), ages 12-75 years old, were selected by multistage sampling. Baseline and post-intervention measures of TPB variables, knowledge and behavior were collected via questionnaire. Bivariate correlations, paired and independent t-tests and stepwise regression analyses of TBP model were performed with SPSS software.
There were significant changes in fruits and vegetables consuming intention, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitude and behavior.
Changes in attitude together with intention predicted approximately 12% of the fruits and vegetables consuming behavior change. Whereas changes in subjective norms, knowledge and perceived behavioral control predicted approximately 25% of change in intention to consume fruits and vegetables. Changes in intention could only predict4% of changes in behavior.
Findings from this study suggest that educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior can be effective in fruits and vegetables consuming behavior.Results indicate that programs promoting healthy eating to women might focus on subjective norms and intention via family based education.