نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 72، زمستان 1396)

The emergence of new rationality and rise of civilization its surround, is the most impressive phenomenon in human history.Subsequently, the clash of this civilization with our historic world is the most important our contemporary issue. Iranian thinkers, before the Constitutional revolution so far, have their own perspective to the issue of "tradition and modernity" provided formulation its own. These thinkers were involved in a wide range, from opposition’s tradition to defenders modernity and from defenders of tradition to opposition’s modernity, as well as the "Middle thinkers". One of the pioneers of intellectuals opposed to imitate all of the West and advocated the revival of national identity, is sayed Fakhroddin shademan. Prior to the forties Shamsi thinkers such as Jalal Al-e Ahmad and Ali Shariati, the inevitable sense of modernity and awareness of passive away from it, to criticize the absolute modernism, and he says about the need to preserve national identity and historical capitals of Iran. So, his priority makes to necessary study his thought. This paper intends to base on Spragens Understanding of political thought and looks to take on Skinner to "the method" with an analysis of the most important works of shademan explain, his understanding of the problem "tradition and modernity", And then perform to critical evalution it and to reveal hidden insights in it, as well as its limitations.

Identity variety and its relations with national Identity is an important issue in state management and national stability planning. Interconnection and solidity of identity typologies with national Identity is a significant approach in maintaining and continuing of nation-states. According to the important of recognizing correlation between different types of identity with national, Identity the paper has studied the tendency of Iranians to modern, local and national identities. In fact, the paper is measured the quantity of Iranians identity tendencies. Therefore, statistical society was all of the 18 to 65 people dwelled in states capitals of Iran in 2013 that 15040 people was chosen as a statistical sample based on Cochran formula and multi-step sampling and population of each capital. The results showed that the relationship between all independent variables of research with the dimensions of collective identity (national, local and modern) was significant. The results also show that in total of 16 variables entered into the model variables do not have a meaningful relationship with national identity. The rest of independent variables all have a meaningful relationship with the national identity, among which the variables of the value tendency system with a most effective variables on scales of relations.

On the one hand, sport has been a ground for the creation, development, and influence of the national culture and nationality, and on the other hand, the identity-seeking governments and movements contributed to the improvement, development, and influence of the modern sport. This study aimed to investigate the role of sport in the process of formation of national identity. To answer the fundamental question of the study as how national identity affected and was impacted by the sport in Iran, an in-depth interview was conducted with 28 experts, university professors, and athletes regarding such concepts as the national pride, ideology consolidation, political propaganda, and so on. Using a qualitative methodology and semantic interpretation of participants’ responses, the present study embarked on the construction of a story trend through the extraction of concepts, and it presented a theoretical model for the relationship between national identity and sport. The results of the study indicated that, as a phenomenon, sport can move along with the improvement of national correlation and, through creating the national pride as well as linking the minority’s interests to the majority body, it can bring about the unity and correlation inside the country and show of strength at the international level.

By studying the history and regarding architectural evolution over time we observe apparent and in some cases basical changes in the construction of buildings. These changes has affected by many factors like social, political ,cultural changes , peoples life style and also rulers opinions .some of these changes have direct effect on the architectural identity of buildings as we can find by reviewing the history of school buildings. In the Qajar and Pahlavi era we can observe phisycal changes in educational buildings which one of its reasons is educational system changes .The purpose of this research is finding the effect of educational system changes on school architectures identity. Identity in school architecture and revive the pure iranainan Islamic architecture factors is important because a considerable part of every child and adolescent life pass in schools and nowadays a large number of schools are being built. on the other hand knowing the cause of these changes will make us aware of the history.so after studying the social conditions and educational system changes ,schools were categorized then Iranian identity factors were compared with built schools in this period of time.so their identity were evaluated. The results indicate that the identity dimensions of schools are diminishing after the reform of the educational system during the Pahlavi era. The article is descriptive-analytic and research method is qualitative and data collection method is documantry.

The security of any society consists of two dimensions: national or internally and international. Although national security is at the core of the preservation and survival of the nation-state, but today, due to the complexity of relations between societies, the importance and function of international security has increased, so that national security in any society has a strong link with the international security of that society. Hence, the main purpose of this article is to study the thought of Imam Khomeini regarding international security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. So, the main question of the paper is how trans-Statism and transWestphalianism based on Imam's thought can be used to achieve international security of Iran? The reasoning of this study is that, with regard to the Imam's thought about international security is postcolonialism, which we call it trans-Westphalianism, a kind of centralization of religion and normative ethics in its discourse is based on which Defines international security and its features by relying on justice, unity, cohesion and confronting the outrageous hegemonic order of the present. To achieve the result, this paper attempts to first examine the conceptual framework of the foreign policy discourse of Imam Khomeini(RA). Then, the different dimensions of this discourse are discussed in the context of Iran's foreign policy, and finally, how Imam's view about the international security is expressed.

The concept of identity encompasses a variety of elements and categories, and traditional arts have always been one of the identification bases of Iran's identity. Traditional architecture as the most sensible and perceivable part of Iranian art, have emerged in constructing elements and various physical structures that have been effective as identifying elements on Iranian architecture's soul of position. One of these elements emerges in the form of sacred geometry. Sacred geometry, as the highest model of symbolic material forms, appears in the structure of traditional architecture in a best way, and influences on the architecture identity. Now the question arises that, what is the role of geometric decoration in identity-making of Iranian traditional architecture in Islamic era? And what concepts and forms are the factors of architecture identity making in sacred geometry? This research has been performed by analytical-descriptive method in order to present a model for drawing the relationship between sacred geometry and components of its identity. Finally, the result was that the presence of geometric shapes in traditional decoration is like a metaphorical language that gives specific place aesthetic experience to the man. The "sameness" achieved by this experience, is the predisposition of significant meaningful identity for traditional architecture. It means that the consistency of sacred geometry with human identity leads to the continuation of the relationship between human and place; the place that its identity is consistent with human, in the way that the operational, semantic and physical characteristics of the sacred geometry will carry messages that give meaning to the traditional architectural identity.

Politics and national security sphere is so important in many ways in globalization era. Positivist and postmodern approaches have their own narrations about territory and political system legitimacy, so elements such as nation-state, national identity, nationalism and national pride differently have been transformed. These concepts have been used in different works in same meaning, but they have different ones. The position of national pride has been raised along with increasing nation building and forming nation-states. It can cause same national and patriotic feeling among citizens in society. National pride as a concept has been studied among 7 provinces by using survey method. Findings show that there is significant relation between independent variables such as economic and social situation satisfactory, deprivation feeling, political system legitimacy feeling, discrimination feeling and national pride as dependent variable. It represents that 50 percent of changes of national pride feeling as dependent variable is due to changes of independent variables.

This study explain the process of the sense of place formation in the new development. Case Study is Hamimyeh quarter in Tehran’s 4th district chat has been selected in terms of criteria such as the lack of significant and fundamental changes, as well as the evolution and stability of the neighborhood during the period after its formation. In this regard, the ten main criteria in three topics of physical, cognitive and functional development Were determined and their meaningful relationships and the impact of each factor to instill a sense of place was determined. and also used Statistical methods of Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression model to explain the nature of the relationship between concept of sense of place and mentioned components and TOPSIS method used to rank the sense of place componenets. Relying on the theoretical framework explained, process of sense of place formation in the new development of city was introduced that Possible to match the different levels of sense of place In connection with the offering developed ten criteria. results showed that The physical environment through aesthetic features caused trigger feelings (first one) This step is mainly the criteria of visual richness, quality physical-spatial,visual proportions and caused by them can be explained and define. And with semantic and conceptual aspects of creating mental images and associations (second level) and Mainly with the criteria of readability, the ability of perception, identity is defined. And finally with functional features by facilitating the activities and meet the needs of users,causing their presence Their presence in urban places and their attachment and commitment to place (third level) This step is mainly the criteria of accessibility, comfort, inviting location of space and flexibility can be defined.