مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1396)

Currently vitamin D deficiency is one of the common health problems. The consequences of the lack of vitamin Don women's reproductive health necessarily lead to extensive studies . Considering that the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its negative effects on women's health and particularly fertile women, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on fertility, for the first time.
In current study, 150 papers were achieved through electronic searche in the database Iranmedex, SID, google scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed up to 2015. 70 articles were reviewed from 1991 to 2014 and the relationship between vitamin D and women's fertility was investigated .
published articles have only addressed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran . The results of other studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and women’s reproductive health .Vitamin D deficiency was affected by increasing the levels of FSH, and its influence anti-Mullerian hormone levels leading to premature ovarian failure, and ultimately reduce the fertility of women.
Considering the importance of the role of vitamin D in female reproduction , and the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency on women’s fertility, especially on ovarian reserves, it is essential to prescribe vitamin D supplementation in women in women.

Considering the role of women in the family and society, development of societies is strongly influenced by the health especially the women’s mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between social capital and perceived social support with mental health among women in Sanandaj-Iran.
In this cross-sectional study, 392 women aged 18 years and over were selected by multi-stage random sampling in Sanandaj (1394) General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ) and Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) were delivered and completed by the respondents. Data were analyzed applying SPSS-v.16 for Windows.
The majority of the women had a bachelors’degree (48.7%), married (53.3%) and a housewife (26.3%), Pearson Correlation Coefficient test showed a significant and positive association between the three variables (r > 0.350, p The women surveyed in Sanandaj had a moderate level of mental health and perceived social support and the level of social capital was weak. Interventional efforts to promote their mental health, emphasizing social capital, should be priorities of the authorities. Also, family members training is suggested as the main strategy for decision-makers and policy makers in the field of women's health.

One of the the important issues in coronary artery disease patients is psychological problems such as perceived stress and the decrease in the hope of life The purpose of th study was investigate the effect of cognitive- therapy based on mindedness on reducing perceived stress and increase life expectancy in women suffering coronary artery disease.
The present study has been developed in two-group experimental design and has been applied in three stages on a total of 30 female patients with Coronary artery disease who have been randomly divided into two groups of test and control. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was conducted for the experimental group. While the control group did not receive any intervention during this period .After completing the sessions the, posttest and one month after the intervention, follow-up was administrated to experimental and control group. Cohen (1983) perceived stress and Miler (1988) life expectancy questions were applied as the data collection tools. In order to achieve the results, a multivariate covariance analysis was used.
Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the mean scores of the perceived stress and hope of life among the two groups. But after intervention and one month after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean score of the perceived stress (p According to the findings, it can be said that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective in reduces perceived stress and increase life expectancy in support women suffering coronary artery disease.

In recent decades, coinciding with the emergence and expansion of new technologies, major changes have taken place in the style and nature of children's games. The role of culture in acceptance and extension of computer games is the most important factor that should be seriously investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze mothers’experiences of their children tendency to computer games.
The research was carried out as phenomenology and colaizzi's proposed stages were used for data analysis. The method of collecting data is semi-organized interviews with 20 mothers of children aged 4-7 years. Interviews were about parent's attitude towards the games, in particular, computer games, based on the theory of Developmental niche theory and were conducted in 1394.
According to the results of data analysis, there are seven major reasons for the increase in children’s tendency to computer games: lack of enough space for kids to play group games; the fail in children's social interaction with others; parents do not devote enough time to their children; parents do not bother teaching games to their kids; parents’ and other children's use of computer equipment; the charm, variety, and complexity of computer games; and finally, the wide accessibility of computer games.
The results of this study highlight the cultural defects in nurturing children’s scene of games and also the need for future research on the ways to removing cultural weaknesses in order to overcome such barriers .

Parents’ attitude play important role in children’s behavior and child abuse. The aim of current study was to assess the impact of parent role training on the mothers’ attitudes with children aged 1-5 years toward child abuse in Malayer.
In the current semi-experimental study with pre and post-tests, 122 mothers with children 1-5 years old were selected through cluster sampling from kindergartens of Malayer in 2016. Then, mothers were randomly selected and divided into two groups of experimental and control (61 in the experimental group and 61 in the control group). "Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory" questionnaire was used as data collection . Training Group of parental role was held in four sessions for two weeks. Before training and one month after it, questionnaires were completed by both groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Descriptive statistics, independent and paired t-tests, were applied for data analysis with a confidence level of 0.95.
The mean and standard deviation of the attitude scores for the experimental group before and after training were 69.60±7.28 and 86.8 ±14.79, respectively, and this difference was significant (p Parent role training has changed mothers’ attitudes about child abuse and improved their attitude toward correct nurture (proper pedagogical) behavior. Therefore, systematic and group training of parental role, by reducing misuse of toddlers and young children, is an important step in their physical and mental health.

Mental health is one of the most important issues, has attracted the attention of many researchers. Since, the body and mind mutually influence each other and health of these two categories, were covers the human public health, therefore, recognize the continuous effects oneach other, seem to be necessary. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to describe the mental health of Iranian elite athletes.
The present research method was descriptive - survey. NEO-AC test, Zuckerman test and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were applied to measure personality characteristics, sensation seeking, and mental health respectively, on 295 athletes who attended various national team camps during the year 2013.
The results indicated that standard scores for the majority of athletes in neurotic responses (50%) were moderate, but for extroversion (97%), openness (97%), agreeability (87%), and consciousness (60%), were high. The standard scores were moderate for most athletes in sensation seeking (70%). Standard scores were also average and above (46-78%)for all elements of mental health.
Totally, it can be concluded that the state of affairsof Iranian elite athletes in mental health and sensation seeking is desirably . Designing training programs seems necessary for neurotic component among elite athletes. Moreover, moderating camping conditions and teaching life skills will help to improve athletes in their Neurotic reactions.

Living up based on authentic goals, meaning and striving to achieve personal growth have been defined as mental health. Many studies have addressed the effect of personal and contextual factors on the mental health. This study aimed to determine the relationship of parenting styles and to satisfy basic psychological needs on mental health among gifted students in Shiraz.
Participants consisted of 250 gifted school students (135 boys and 115 girls) which were selected through cluster sampling method. In this study, parental scales as social context, mental health and basic psychological needs were used. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the validity of research data, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the data from the. The data were analyzed through LISREL.
The results of path analysis showed that that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and satisfying basic psychological needs with mental health among gifted students. This means that, rejection and control style negatively and warmth and autonomy support positively effects on mental health. Also, need to autonomy and competence positively effects on mental health. Also, the satisfying basic psychological needs of involvement were mediated by parenting styles and mental health. Multiple indexes of fitness were used to evaluate the model. Which results (RMSE=0/042, GFI=0/98) showed that there is a fitness between model and data.
According to results, Proper parenting style (i.e. warmth and structure styles and lack of correction style) could lead to a higher level of competency and well-being among gifted students.

Mentally-disabled children cause many psychological problems in family members, especially in mothers. Due to the importance of psychological well-being of mothers in family and society; the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation and resilience training on psychological well-Being of mothers of students with intellectual disability.
In this quasi-experimental study (pre-test and post-test), 30 mentally retarded students were selected in Arak, they were non-randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people). The exertion training and resilience training were received for the first group (weekly two sessions one and a half hours) and the second group (weekly two sessions per hour), respectively. Prior and after the training, the subjects completed psychological well-being scale (an 84-question form). Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA & MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.
The results showed that the mean scores of psychological well-being variable and components increased in the resilience training group (post-stage) in comparison to the emotion regulation training group (P The results indicated that resilience and emotion regulation training, improved psychological well-being of mothers with mentally retarded children.

­The health literacy,skills and abilities of individuals are in line with appropriate decision making in the field of health promotion. Adolescents are the age groups whose basic health literacy is essential for their nutritional practice . The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between health literacy and nutritional practice in adolescents.
The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was performed on 400 boy and girl youngsters were selected by multistage-random sampling during the academic year 2015. The data were collected through questionnaires that included three parts: a) individual characteristics ­b) health literacy (HELMA)­­c)the­nutritional­practice. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 20 and proportional tests.
50% of female participants, with an average age of 17 years and 74.5 % of adolescents had Limited ( inadequate and not so adequate) health literacy, 68 percent had average nutritional practice. There was a direct correlation between aspects of health literacy with nutritional practice. Namely, by increasing health literacy, nutritional practice is improved. (p-value The results of this study showed the role of health literacy in the nutritional practice of the adolescents. Due to high levels of limited health literacy in adolescents, health education interventions are necessary to improve health literacy among teenagers.

According to the important role of nurses in the community, identifying the factors affecting on their work, personal and marital life and don the preventive actions in this regard seems to be necessary. Therefore, , Considering the necessity of improving of nurse's life, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on social well-being, quality of life and marital satisfaction of nurses.
In this Quasi-experimental study, 40 male and female nurses were selected from intensive care wards of the hospital in Qom, 2015 were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. To collect data, the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1993), Keyes Social Welfare questionnaire (2004) and quality of life questionnaire (1989) was used.
Also, for the analysis of data spss 21 software and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used.
The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation is significantly effective on improving the social well-being variables, quality of life and marital satisfaction of nurses (p Generally, It can be concluded that by providing cognitive rehabilitation and contribute to the better functioning of executive processes, Can be help to increase the well-being and improve the quality of life and marital relationships of nurses.

Schools provide an important setting to promote health, especially in Iran with about 12 million children, moreover for school staff, families, and communities. The health-promoting schools approach has been implemented in Iranian schools. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of school health experts towards the strengths, challenges, and improvement strategy for health promoting schools.
In This qualitative study, data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 14 health schools, professionals and 3 school headmasters in seven provinces of Iran. We recruited interviewers through purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data by using MAXQDA ver 10.
The results were categorized into eight themes. The main strength, perceived in " based on participatory program "," feedback-driven program"," training- driven program"," a systematic program". The main perceived weakness was ''inefficient executive structural mechanism "and" inefficient property of the program "Improve the supporting infrastructure," and" Reload executive structures were suggested as a corrective mechanism from participants’ view point.
The effectiveness of the health promoting school program, as well as all successful programs in health system requires revision and localization.

A premenstrual syndrome is a series of physical, psychological, Emotional and behavioral symptoms that occur periodically and affects both the individual and the family.The purpose of this study was to determine 'the effect of education based on Health Belief Model on promoting preventive behavior in a premenstrual syndrome that has been done in pre-university in Tehran.
This study is a quasi-experimental study with a control group that was conducted on 120 pre-college students enrolled in two high schools, selected randomly from 19 areas of Tehran. Data collection included demographic characteristics questionnaire and a Self-made questionnaire including knowledge, behavior and the health belief model structures about PMS. The educational intervention was performed based on the results of the pretest and the constructs of the health belief model in the intervention group and four sessions of 45-60 minutes Obtained data is analyzed by using SPSS software version 23.
Before the intervention, in terms of demographic characteristics and model structures, the control and the intervention group were homogeneous. After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups of intervention and control in all the constructs of the health belief model, especially awareness and perceived sensitivity (p> 0.05).
According to the present study, education based on the constructs of health belief model is effective on the preventive behaviors of premenstrual syndrome and can be used to prevent and reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome