نشریه مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی
سال هفتم شماره 25 (بهار 1396)

With the advent of technology and the spread of cybercrime, new forms of harm have been inflicted on Internet users. These injuries affect individual and collective life. There are physical and psychological injuries in individual aspect. The psychological harms discussed in this article are: excessive use of the Internet and social isolation and weakening the power of reason. If we assume that users are using the Internet in a completely moral way and do not conduct any immoral behavior, such as pornography, and intimate, out-of-shadow and non-homogeneous communication, does the use of cyberspace for users cause moral problems? This article deals with this issue in terms of Islamic ethics. This research is an applied and methodological tool for documenting the use of library data and analyzing information with a descriptive and analytical approach.

The purification of the soul is one of the main goals of descending the Quran and the Prophet's mission. What makes self-purification possible is the right way to make that happen. This study attempts to explain the general methods of self-purification from the perspective of Allamah in al-Mizan. One of the applied topics that Allamah has addressed in Al-Mizan are methods of self-purification, and from the sum of its debates, we have achieved five universal approaches: 1. strengthening the faith and righteous deeds; 2. focusing on the knowledge of the soul; 3. focusing on the secular results Ethics; 4. Focusing on the eternal results of morality; 5. Strengthening the love of worshiping. Allameh, in Al-Mizan, says some of the verses that have caused heart disease say the cause of heart disease is vile and the way to treat it is faith and good deeds. In his view, the Quran did not put the foundation of morality on worldly results; therefore, it did not use this method to cultivate the soul, and only relied on worldly results to return to the aftermath. The method of relying on the results of the hereafter is common in the preceding Shariah and has been given much attention in the Quran. The method of relying on the knowledge of the soul is also important and has the results in mind. But the purification of a special method of the Quran, which improves the insight and action of the people so that the vices do not form in them in order to eliminate it. This method is not preceded by the divine and even the prophets, as it is mentioned in the Quran, and is based on the truth and monotheism and pure devotion.

The Cognition of the Virtues and the Vices is one of the Ethical principles. Man should first know the qualities proper for him. In the holy Quran, some of the Prophet’s qualities have been mentioned. Almighty God has introduced him as a qualified role model for human beings. Thus, it is important to comprehensively study the verses introducing him. The Hippocrates described the prophet as “Uzun” that is the one who is all ears. They called him with this adjective for the purpose of dishonoring him and introducing him as naive and capricious one and with this they tried to prove the falsity and baselessness of the revelation. In Reply, God would say that not only this adjective would not humiliate him but also is considered a positive quality. After investigating about the verse we come to this conclusion that the Prophet’s treatment with others and his approach in listening to their speeches expressed even by his enemies, caused them to get interested in Islam and prevented social conflicts and this led to the guidance of people. By accepting the sinners’ repentance, the prophet helped them keep their self-esteem, but in practice, he just realized the recommendations he found beneficial for both individuals and society.

Ethics is a very important issue that is essential in all jobs and professions. Motivational factors are also key factors in the productivity of individuals in organizations. This study examines the impact of professional ethics on motivation. This study is a survey-applied research. The issue was investigated through questionnaire and simple random sampling distributed among 81 members of Official Auditors Community. To analyze the results in the form of one main hypothesis and 6 secondary hypotheses, linear regression by software SPSS was used. Results suggest that professional ethics has an impact on the motivation of staff. In addition, an individual interest in the job, self-confidence, responsibility, and self-control are affected by professional ethics, but it was not confirmed that importance of job and job satisfaction components are affected by professional ethics. Moreover, investigation of commitment to professional ethics by one-sample T-test showed that this issue is at the average level.

One of the issues that professional ethics should take seriously is job satisfaction, because professional ethics is somehow related to job satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to investigate professional ethics in a military unit and determine its relationship with job satisfaction. This research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research is the staff of a military unit that was selected by simple random sampling method. 30 of them were selected that way. Data were collected using interviews and questionnaires. In two questionnaires, professional ethics with 40 questions and 9 criteria and job satisfaction with 7 questions were examined. In addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and correlation test were used to analyze the data. Based on the correlation test, the findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between professional ethics and job satisfaction in the surveyed organization. Also, according to the mean t-test, the status of the variable of professional ethics is at a desirable and acceptable level. According to the findings of the research, and the significant relationship between professional ethics and job satisfaction, the more employees feel that ethics govern their work environment, they experience and feel as much satisfaction and satisfaction in the workplace.

Professional ethics is a phenomenon that many of organizations have special focus on it. The aim of this research is prediction of Occupational ethic in the basis of moral development in judicial system employees. For this reason, by the use of random sampling method among judicial system employees a number of 219 employee were selected as subject and they were asked to fill-in two questionnaires: Ma moral development inventory (1981) and Occupational ethics in organizations (Mahdioon and rezaei, 1393). Data were analyzed by the use of 22nd versions of SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient and sample regression. The result showed that moral development predicts 10 percent of Occupational ethics variance. These results showed that regarding the role of moral development in Occupational ethics, for increasing Occupational ethics we can use of training about moral development in organizations.

Engineering ethics is a part of applied ethics or professional ethics that addresses ethical issues in engineering activities. The purpose of this study is to examine professional ethics standards in geomechanical engineering, with emphasis on the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah. In this paper, the ethical issues raised in the field of geotechnical engineering (mapping) were examined. In this research, a descriptive method of document analysis was used to collect library data, including identifying, studying, categorizing information, analyzing and summarizing data on the subject matter studied. The results showed that professional ethics in geotechnical engineering has four important criteria: job commitment, honesty, fairness and expertise. In this study, the characteristics of professional ethics were identified and explained based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah. Imam Ali emphasizes the ethics of the profession and observes the rights of the people and emphasizes it in various situations, and considers the social status of people, especially in various occupations and positions. In addition, Imam Ali believes that if everyone is happy, his life will become clean and genuine.

The purpose of this study isto investigate the relationship between professional ethics and the effectiveness of educational managers 'activities in girl's high school in Mashhad. The sample of this study includes 359 teachers and administrative staff of girl's high schools in Mashhad, in the academic year of 1394-1394, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The method of this study is descriptive and correlational. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires, one measuring professional ethics and another measuring the effectiveness, were used. The results showed that:1. Professional ethics of the high school's pricipals in Mashhad is high;
2. The relationship between all components of professional ethics and effectiveness is positive and significant;
3. There is a positive and significant relationship between the level of professional ethics and their effectiveness;
4. Among the components of the ethics of the component of performance, more than two other components, namely, knowledge and knowledge, predict the components of effectiveness;
5. Professional ethics plays an important role in schools and is essentially an ethical school and requires moral management.