فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 39 (پاییز 1396)

The automotive industry in Iran and South Korea began simultaneously at a particular time, but the achievements of the two countries are not comparable in this area. Korea was able to make a huge contribution to the global market, but Iran failed to achieve its goals. In this article, we plan to examine the paths that the two countries have taken and examine the barriers to the success of the first and the causes of the success of the latter. For this purpose, we must look at the nature of the political system and, consequently, the economics of the political system and the policies of the two countries. Since the beginning of industrialization, especially in the automotive sector, Iran has always had a limited access system (consistent with Douglas North.) And rarely provided a platform for private sector entry into economic activity and the formation of competition. But South Korea, although initially had a limited access system, gradually shifted from fragile access to the base and then to the mature, and eventually became open access to the political system. The government of Korea, with the right solutions, could provide the necessary space to form a strong private sector in this field and compete.

The Middle East region and its sub-system, i.e. the Persian Gulf, are known as a unique region enjoying international importance for possession of energy resources on the one hand and for its outstanding geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic position on the other.
History of developments in the Middle East over the past decades shows that provision of order, security and stability, has been the main priority of the countries in this region and trans-regional powers.
The Islamic Republic of Iran in different periods has adopted different approaches vis-à-vis the Middle East region and the question of order. The main goal of this research is Iran’s Foreign Policy Approach towards ME Regional Order under 11th Government.
With the coming to power of the 11th government, the outlook of Iran's foreign policy apparatus towards order changed from one of opposition to one of interaction. The Rouhani administration has tried to reshape the regional sustainable order within the framework of a policy of détente and constructive interaction.
This research with using descriptive-analysis method is seeking to respond to one main question: What is Iran’s foreign policy approach towards the regional order in the Middle East under the 11th government? Also by analyzing data to conclude that the 11th government has adopted a policy of sustainable regional order based on détente.

About three years ago, Viktor Yanukovych the President of Ukraine fled the country following massive anti-government protests. Following these developments, during which the Kremlin-backed president was ousted, Russia intervened in eastern Ukraine and after the referendum, the Crimean peninsula was annexed to this country. Developments in Ukraine (2014), which led to the crisis in the Crimean peninsula, change the geopolitical outlook of Post-Soviet Eurasia, undermine regional security and created a major challenge in United States-Russia relations. Therefore, it is important to answer the question: what impact of Ukraine's developments (2014) has had on Russia-West relations? The United States and the European Union responded by imposing sanctions on Russia, so that, according to some analysts, the Crimean crisis has become the greatest crisis between Russia and the West after the Cold War. The present article, by using a descriptive-analytical method, attempts to examine the effects of Ukraine's developments on West-Russia relations.

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War have increased the geopolitical and regional significance of the international system, so that many countries in their foreign policy have chosen regionalism as the main constituent of their own interests and national security. The practical and theoretical look in Iran's foreign policy over the past years, the lack of attention to the strategy of looking at the East and the unilateral view of the West has led to neglect of other centers and sources of global power and wealth, especially near the borders, but in years The recent strategy of looking at the East has become a regionalist strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the geopolitical and geographic view system, Because Iran is one of the countries that has geostrategic, geo-economical and geopolitical advantages in terms of geographic and political location. Accordingly, the strategy of looking into the East which has scientific and historical logic, as well as the geopolitical and political roots in the foreign policy of the country, has created a new identity in the foreign policy discourse. This paper is followed by a review. The geopolitical factors affecting the change in Iran's foreign policy from west to east with an emphasis on Russia.

Describing the dominant patterns of Iran-U.S relations after triumph of the Islamic revolution and even explanation of current situation between the two states through conventional foreign policy and international politics will lead to inefficient and inadequate researches. Although describing the historical facts and using realistic analyses to explain current non war- non peace situation are beneficent, but could not elucidate continuity of hostility situation between Iran and the United States. Analysis of this Iran-U.S extensive conflict and hostility requires focusing on material structures of power and geopolitical contrast in one hand and regarding the cognitive and nonmaterial fundamentals of action on the other hand.
Without a doubt, current pattern of Iran-U.S relationship Influenced by both mentioned factors; this reciprocal process of impact with material and non-material elements of power and security have described this issue as a unsolved multi-faceted and multi-layered conflict. It seems that strategic culture framework as a pattern that mutually respect to state's objective, measurable and visible act alongside non material and invisible structures of practice can be useful to explain dimensions and causes of Iran-U.S conflict.
According to this, the main agenda of this article is to illustrate a more detailed image about Iran-U.S conflict through a comparative Survey on elements and components of two state's strategic culture, with respect to significant security aspects of this conflict.

India has been referred to as one of the emerging economies since early twenty-first century. Rapid growth of GDP and imports/exports along with attraction of substantial foreign direct investment are indicators of the enhancement of India’s position in global economy. In such circumstances, India is also gaining influence in multilateral trade negotiations within WTO framework. Given the important role that multilateral economic institutions play in shaping the contemporary political and economic interactions and due to India’s more rigorous stance in the Doha Round, this article uses descriptive-analytic method and library resources to interpret this policy shift. It also emphasizes on economic reforms, domestic-international interaction, and WTO structure as effective components in this policy shift and simultaneously examines Indian diplomacy and negotiation strategy. This article tries to answer this question: what is India's orientation in WTO? It hypothesizes that India agrees with the WTO's principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures. The article concludes that Indian position toward WTO talks is no longer concentrated on introducing intrinsic changes in order to stand against this organization; rather, it is taking advantage of its new alliances and negotiation methods as a means of economic diplomacy to shape India’s and other emerging countries’ economic demand.