فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 23، زمستان 1395)

Today, the development of cities has spread to the global network. In a way that every day, new cities and settlements are built in the virtual space, which have overshadowed social, economic, cultural, environmental and physical factors, and ultimately have solved urban problems. These advances resulted in presenting the "electronic city theory" and "sustainable cities" around the world. the goal of this research is Evaluation the Indices of Electronics City in sustainable urban development, in the eyes of managers in Kerman. This research was an applied study, with a descriptive-analytical nature and method. Information and data required were gathered, using documentary and field(questionnaire) methods. The statistics population consisted of 40 urban managers in four regions of Kerman, randomly selected using the Delphi technique. For the purpose of data analysis, we benefited SPSS software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test, entropy model for weighting, also VIKOR model to rank the areas of Kerman. According to the one-sample t-test, From the perspective of city managers, and in terms of indicators of sustainable (Economic, social, cultural, political) development, Kerman is undesirable and improper. Finally, based on the ranking techniques, Respectively, region 2, region 1, region 4 and region 3 have been ranking. In general, it can be said it can be said that based on 4 research criteria (economic, social, cultural and political), Region 2 in Kerman was more desirable. In front of District 3 in terms of a more adverse conditions than other areas are.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the interprovincial migrations between provinces in Iran, and its determinants, during 2006-2010. Research Methods was secondary analysis of immigration-related data, acquired mostly from the national census in 2010. The results showed the proportion of migrants/population=7/4 person in the period. Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Fars and Alborz Provinces had The most percent of migrants (44%) respectively, while Ardebil, Qom, Kohgilooyeh Boyerahmad, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, and Ilam, enjoyed the lowest percent of migrants. About 50% of emigrints allocated to Tehran, Khuzestan, Khorasan Razavi, Fars, Alborz, Isfahan and Kermanshah provinces. 13 out of 31 country provinces, had a positive net immigration (to them), whiles 18 of provinces, experienced a negative net emigration (from them). In analytical review of the relationship between net migration rate and independent variables -including population growth, unemployment rate, average education years, rural/urban population, and urbanization percentage- showed that statistically, there is a significant relationship between population growth and unemployment rate, with net migration.

One of the important investigations for urban planners is to identify the level of life quality in the scale of urban neighborhoods and the inequality among them. Nowadays, fair distribution of quality indices -including housing quality, transportation and communications, access to everyday needs, urban facilities, also security and safety in the urban neighborhoods, have been regarded by managers and urban planners. Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to investigate and rank the life quality, from the objective/subjective indices perspective, in surrounding neighborhoods of Zahedan City. The statistics population of the study consists of the Zahedan citizens older than 18 years old, among which 400 participants were selected for the sample, using random sampling and Cochrane's formula. The method employed in the study is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is survey study. Data obtained via questionnaires were analyzed by Entropy weighting method, and using VIKOR model. The findings of the research indicate relatively high inequality in life quality, among 19 surrounding neighborhoods of Zahedan, in such a way that 8 neighborhoods (11-5, 10-5, 6-1, 9-5, 11-2, 1-2, 5-1, 10-1) are in a ultrahigh-developed state, 1 neighborhood (1-3) in a upper-moderate developed state, 3 neighborhoods (11-3, 6-3, 7-5) are in a moderate developed state, 3 neighborhoods (8-4, 6-5, 4-4) are in a lower-moderate developed state, and 4 neighborhoods (5-5, 6-4, 5-4, 11-4) are in a ultralow-developed state. Accordingly, it is necessary that during a short-term plan, ultralow-developed and lower-moderate developed neighborhoods be considered. In the next phase, moderately developed neighborhoods and upper-moderate developed and ultrahigh-developed neighborhoods should be planned and spatially developed.

In the last years, lake tourism, as one of the newest forms of natural tourism has gone under attention of academic assemblies. The experts of the tourism believe lakes of a large capacity to attract tourists. These experts are somehow realistic, as the lakes and ponds are some of the most unique, beautiful, original and amazing phenomena, each including so exquisite, attractive, unknown and mysterious sights, that can attract lots of tourists. In this view, the numerous lakes of Fars province, shows a series of attractive visual interconnected elements for tourists. Therefore, the goal of this paper is positioning qualified lakes for tourism development in Fars province. Identifying the potential capable sights for lake tourism development, calls for Identification and analyzing the criteria, sub criteria, and several options of information layers. Thus, in the article, as the first step, the required information layers for positioning the Potential areas of lake tourism development are prepared, and then, because of the differences in the level of criteria, sub criteria and affecting options, 20 authors and experts in the field of tourism, made a binary comparison between these components, and calculated the final weight of each, using AHP Model. After that, regarding the final weight of sub criteria and options, the information layers were combined, using GIS software. The results of the combination of these information layers showed that the capable areas (lakes) for tourism development in Fars province are prioritized for suitable development, so that three lakes (Pareeshan, Herm- Kariyan, and Hiramm) are placed in very suitable domain; "Arjan desert" lake is placed in very suitable and suitable domain; "Maharlou", "Tashk" and "Bakhtigan" are placed in suitable domain; and finally, the lake "Kaaftar" is placed in suitable and very unsuitable domains for lake tourism.

Equal distribution of resources in human Settlements, with the aim of achieving balanced development in society, calls for principled planning, associated with explaining current status and identifying the resources and limitations of areas. Regarding the importance of culture and its qualitative and quantitative dimensions in the development of societies, current research analyzes and classifies the cities of Alborz province, in terms of quantitative development degree of culture. For this purpose, 24cultural variable have been selected by documentary method, the weight of which, has been determined by ANP model in super decision software. In this regard, at first the relations between variables were analyzed, using DEMATEL technique, then were considered in ANP model. Cities classification in terms of the degree of their benefication from cultural indexes, has been performed respectively by TOPSIS in Exel program, and Cluster analysis technique in SPSS software, then having been displayed with ARCGIS software. Results show the Distribution of cultural indexes between cities is unbalanced, Karaj city, with the TOPSIS score 0.50, and Nazarabad city, with TOPSIS score 0.14, have earned the highest and lowest rank in terms of quantitative development of culture through the Province. Cities of Karaj, Taleqan and Fardis with the highest TOPSIS score, were placed in beneficient class; city of Eshtehard in semi-beneficient class, and cities of Savojbolaq and Nazarabad with the lowest TOPSIS scores, were placed in deprived class of cultural development indexes, requiring more attention in future development programs of Alborz Province.

One of the first steps towards tourism development planning for an area, is to have enough knowledge of the environment. In such a way that in addition to identifying the most appropriate locations for tourism development, the inappropriate areas or those areas at risk and requiring to be protected or revived, be also determined. So that, in addition to planning for offering the best and most profitable programs, the principles of sustainable development, be also preserved. Accordingly, in the current survey, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the appropriate areas for tourism development in Talesh County -Which, due to having unique natural attractions such as mountains, dense forests, rivers, up country-historical villages, waterfalls and natural springs, as well as beautiful beaches of the Caspian Sea, are considered as one of the best counties of Gilan province in terms of having the ecotourism attractions- have been determined based on their priorities. For this porpuse, after setting 5 criteria and 27 sub criteria for evaluating the tourism potentials of the region through the paired comparisons questionnaire, they distributed these questionnaires among tourism experts of Talesh County. After evaluating these criteria using AHP, digital layers related to criteria and sub criteria in GIS system were prepared and combined, so that levels of environmental relevance for tourism development in the area be determined. Based on the findings of the current research, the central district with an area of 434 square kilometers of very appropriate quality, gained the highest priority in terms of tourism development planning. Other districts like Karganrood, Asalem and Haviq, have been allocated the most priorities, respectively.