Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:19 Issue: 11, Nov 2017

Nowadays, it is necessary to discover new and efficient antifungal or antimicrobial drugs because of increasing drug resistance organisms. Using medicinal plants for natural treatment of diseases caused by bacterial origin has mainly been considered.
In this study, the impacts of antimicrobial medicinal plants extract were compared based on four bacteria in vitro.
In this experimental study, disc diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were used to investigate the antibacterial effects of selected plant extract elicited by two different solvent on S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. enteric. Data were analyzed with a statistical software program (SPSS 16).
The hydro-alcoholic extract of Myrtus communis (myrtle) and water extract of Cinnamomun zeylanicum (cinnamon) were the most active extracts screened for antimicrobial activities against different four bacteria as tested organisms. The diameter of inhibition zones ranged from 23 to 28 mm. Comparison of the antibacterial effect of plant extracts and commercial drug revealed that the size of inhibition zone of penicillin against Staphylococcus aureus bacterium was larger than the plant extracts. However, myrtle extract at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30 mg/mL showed more powerful antibacterial activity compared to the other extracts and even penicillin. Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Nerium oleander (Oleander) and Glycyrihiza glabra (licorice) were found to have the least effect on the tested bacteria.
In the present study, plant extracts with different compounds showed antibacterial activity (especially myrtle and cinnamon). Hence, they can be used as new source for antibacterial substances.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a kind of disease in kidneys that often caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, especially in women.
We studied the antibacterial effects of ZnO nanoparticles On patients with urinary tract infection that isolated from Alzahra hospital in Isfahan, Iran. It is hoped that by the research community's attention to this great problem of multi drug resistance E. coli treatment by ZnO NPs.
In this experimental study, urine samples of multi drug resistance E. coli bacteria, Also colloidal ZnO nanoparticles prepared in size 20 nm, spherical shape and a concentration of 200 ppm were used .The methods of research were wells and disk agar diffusion in nutriant agar & LB medium and was evaluated antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles ,then incubated for 72 hours and the diameter of inhibitory zone of growth was measured, The data were analyzed by spss 16 version software.
The highest resistance of E. coli to antibiotics belongs to cefazolin and cefexime. The results showed that ZnO NPs in size 20 nm and spherical shape after 72 hours at 37°C can be used to treat Urinary infections caused by E. coli, it is recommended that further research considered the effects of different infections of Urinary tract infection in In vitro condition.
Using ZnO nanoparticles with 20 nm diameters have acceptable antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli isolated from Urinary tract infection. The current study suggests that ZnO NPs could be a good candidate for an effective antibacterial agent against E. coli.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main agents of nosocomial infections. Identifying coagulase enzyme in staphylococcal infections is of great importance as it is one of the main virulence agents. The present study aims to accurately detect the presence of coagulase gene and its relationship with antibiotic resistance patterns in clinical isolates.
In this experimental study, a total of 20 clinical samples of S. aureus and 10 clinical samples of coagulase-negative staphylococci were collected and identified from hospitals and laboratories in Nowshahr and Chalous. Antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were examined based on CLSI and finally polymerase chain reaction was used in order to detect the presence of coagulase gene with specific primers. Treatments were examined in three intervals and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), univariate ANOVA, and t-test at the probability level of P Suggested that isolates showed phenotypic presence of coagulase enzyme and had this gene genotypically as well. Coagulase-positive samples demonstrated higher resistance to tetracycline 20%, oxacillin 55%, gentamicin 20%, and kanamycin 25%. Statistically, there was no significant difference among inhibition zone diameters of oxacillin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, kanamycin, and penicillin.
Coagulase gene causes antibiotic resistance and coagulase-negative staphylococci are spreading rapidly and their resistance is increasing.

Infections caused by resistant bacteria are spreading so that efficacy of antibiotics in curing diseases has decreased. Therefore, many attempts are made to find new active compounds of plant origin as suitable substitutes. This research intended to identify active compounds with antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Rumex alveolatus against a number of bacteria.
This empirical study was conducted against some of pathogenic bacteria. Using the Soxhlet method, extracts of R. alveolatus leaves and roots were prepared and antimicrobial effects of the extracts were evaluated by well diffusion method. Anti-quorum sensing activity of the methanol extract of R. alveolatus against pyocyanin production, proteases production and biofilm formation were also investigated. The active compounds in R. alveolatus were identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.
The inhibition zone produced by the methanol leaves extract at 500 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhi were 22.8 ± 0.8, 10.7 ± 1.3, and 12.1 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The MICs and MBCs of the methanol leaves and roots extracts of this plant for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhi were similar, 125 and 250 mg/mL, respectively. The main phenolic compound obtained from R. alveolatus was 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (89.68%). The methanol leaves extract of R. alveolatus at 62.5 mg/mL prevented biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and, when applied at 62.5 mg/mL, reduced pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa by up to 66 percent. The aqueous extracts of R. alveolatus had not antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activity.
The methanol extracts of Rumex alveolatus had antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activity.