فصلنامه بیماری های پستان ایران
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 38، پاییز 1396)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of yoga on lymphedema volume, range of motion and quality of life (QOL) in women with Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema (BCRL).
This is a non-randomized semi-experimental clinical trial. Women with BCRL were allocated to receive either Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT), n = 18) or CDT with an 8-week yoga intervention (n = 18). Outcomes were the volume of arm lymphedema, range of motion (ROM) and QOL. A measurement was conducted at baseline, post-intervention and 4 weeks after the end of intervention.
It was shown that the edema volume decreased and QOL and ROM increased compared to baseline measurements. However the inter-group changes were not significant regarding the scores of QOL (p = 0.536), edema volume (p = 0.846) and ROM (p = 0.209) during the study.
It appears that the yoga intervention with CDT is not superior to CDT alone in lymphedema treatment. Regarding patients’ access to yoga classes and absence of side effects, further studies about its effects and cost-effectiveness are recommended.

Exercise is one of the most important elements of health management in breast cancer patients. The aim of present study was to review the lipid-lowering effects of Pilates training in women with breast cancer.
Twenty-four women with breast cancer who were treated in the health centers and private clinics of Shiraz city, Iran were selected and divided into training and control groups. Training group was trained using selected Pilates training sessions for 10 weeks, three sessions per week and 60 minutes per session. During this period, the control group did only their routine daily activities. Before and after training period, blood samples were taken from the subjects. Data were analyzed using K-S, and dependent and independent t-tests (p ≤ 0.05).
Ten week pilates training had a significant effect on reduction of TG from 125.91 ± 48.35 mg/dl to 103.91 ± 39.07 mg/dl (p = 0.001) and TC from 191.83 ± 17.79 to 176.08 ± 14.18 mg/ dl (p = 0.005) in women with breast cancer, but it had no significant effect on reduction of LDL (p = 0.42) or an increase of HDL (p = 0.26).
It appears that 10-week Pilates training have lipid-lowering effects in women with breast cancer.

The Aloe vera plant of the Liliaceae family is a known medicinal plant and contains compounds that play an important role in the improvement of inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, exercise plays an important role in the rehabilitation of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Aloe vera extract and swimming exercise on serum levels of epidermal growth receptors in mice with breast cancer.
The experiment was implemented for six weeks. Thirty-five mice were randomly divided into five groups: 1- healthy control, 2 - control (cancerous), 3 - exercise (cancerous), 4 - aloe vera (cancerous) and 5-practice extract (cancerous) groups. Aloe vera extract at 300 mg/kgBW/day, was given to the mice. The workout time for the first day was 10 minutes, increasing by five minutes to 60 minutes daily. At the end, serum levels of epidermal growth receptors were measured by the ELISA method.
Consumption of Aloe vera extract had a significant effect on levels of HER2 (P=0.017) but did not have a significant effect on EGFR (P=0.576). Endurance swimming training had a significant effect on levels of HER2 (P=0.002), but had no significant effect on EGFR (P=0.769). Also, the use of Aloe vera extract with endurance training had a significant effect on HER-2 level (P=0.002), but there was no significant effect on the EGFR (P=0.558).
It is possible that Aloe Vera extract and swimming exercise has beneficial effect on the improvement of breast cancer by reducing the excessive expression of HER2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

One of the most important factors for the successful treatment and reduction of death in women with breast cancer symptoms is time for treatment and decision making by patients. One of the exploratory models in search of a cure for women with breast cancer symptoms is the health belief model (HBM). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between components of the HBM and delays in seeking treatment in women with breast cancer symptoms.
The current study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 70 female patients with verified symptoms of breast cancer presenting to two different medical centers (Razi Hospital and Besat Medical Clinic) in Rasht, Iran. They were selected using convenience sampling method. The measuring tool for data were questionnaire for delays in seeking treatment, health belief model scale (HBMS), and knowledge of breast cancer (KBC).
Significant differences was observed between women with less or more than 3 months delay in seeking treatment in late phase of the evaluation of symptoms, particularly in terms of components of the cues to action (p = 0.030) and knowledge of breast cancer (p = 0.041); perceived vulnerability (p = 0.007) and perceived barriers (p = 0.048) for treatment in illness delay phase, and perceived barriers for treatment components (p = 0.045), perceived benefits for treatment (p = 0.049), and perceived self–efficacy (p = 0.002) in behavior delay phase.
Components of the HBM had a relatively good predictability in elucidating the etiology of treatment seeking delay in women with symptoms of breast cancer.

In cancer research, early detection of breast cancer is effective in prognosis and increasing the survival of patients. Artificial intelligence and data mining methods are predictive methods that can be useful in this case. The purpose of this paper is to design and evaluate an automatic computer-aided diagnosis system to predict the type of breast tumor by using a fuzzy combination of regression methods.
In this descriptive-analytic study, a group decision-making system was designed by using the combination of PCA (Principal Components Analysis), RSM (Response Surface Methodology) and SVR-Firefly (Support Vector Regression- Firefly) methods to predict the type of breast tumor (benign or malignant). To evaluate the designed system, we used the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset stored in the UCI (University of California, Irvine) Machine Learning Repository. After pre-processing, the data was split into training and testing datasets, which were evaluated by each of mentioned regression methods. Finally the results of the regression methods were combined by fuzzy voting and fuzzy averaging approaches. The proposed group decision-making system was simulated by MATLAB software.
This study was conducted on 683 women with breast cancer, including 444 cases with benign tumors, as well as 239 cases with malignant tumors. For each case, nine clinical variables were used as inputs. The performance of the proposed group decision-making system in test phase is based on accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity. The values of these indicators were obtained, on average, 0.9832, 0.9588, 0.9900, 0.9832 in fuzzy voting method and 0.9820, 0.9524, 0.9929, 0.9804 in fuzzy averaging method while the performance indicators were obtained 1 by both methods in the best case.
The results of experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed group decision-making system in predicting the type of breast tumors (benign or malignant). It can help the physicians to choose the best treatment method and prevent the cancer progression. The developed software can also be used for training physicians.

Several studies have proven that human cancer cells can develop as a result of infection with the herpes simplex virus. Regarding this observation, the presence of this virus’ DNA in the paraffin tissue of breast cancer in some tumor samples can be a risk factor for the formation of breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency rate of RNA and DNA of human herpes simplex virus in fresh and paraffined breast tumor samples.
In this study, 70 fresh and paraffined breast tumor samples were collected from patients with breast cancer that were surgically treated in Golsar, Aria, and Rasoul-e-Akram hospitals on Rasht, Iran, in 2016. After rapid transfer of samples to the laboratory, RNA and DNA extraction was performed using one-stage kit (Genall, Korea), and the extracted RNA was converted to cDNA. Next, the UL30 gene of herpes simplex virus from exclusive primer was used for proliferation.
Out of 70 samples of breast cancer, none was positive in the fresh and paraffined tissues. This issue indicates the absence of the genome of herpes simplex virus in the breast tumor in this study.
The role of herpes viruses has been proven in the formation of cervical cancers, Hodgkins, Burkitt Burkitts lymphoma, and blood vessels cancer in the past decade. However, there is also evidence that HSV genome was not identified in tumors. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand the association of these viruses with the formation of breast tumors.