Journal of Research and Health
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Jan-Feb 2018

Although both population-based and clinical interventions have been successful in lowering rates of smoking in the USA over time, the prevalence of smoking remains considerably higher than the Healthy People 2020 objective of 12% [1]. The latest national study conducted in Iran showed that 25% of the population aged 18- 65 years were smokers and age, education, gender, occupation, and marital status variables had a significant relationship with smoking [2].

Motivation as a psychological factor can affect the mental health of employees and consequently the health of work place. It has been recently concerned in the social science literature. The present study aimed to assess the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relation of motivation, perceived support and training to perceived commitment. The data study analyzed in the structural equation modeling method. The data were gathered in library field, and, also using questionnaire. The data were achieved from staff of Sabzevar city municipality using validity and reliability approved questionnaires. For validity, face and construct validity and for reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. Finally, data from 159 questionnaires were analyzed. The findings showed that motivation, perceived support and training had positive significant effects on normative and continuance commitment of employees. Also, positive significant effect of job satisfaction on continuance and normative commitment was confirmed. In addition, the findings of this study indicated positive effect of motivation, perceived support and training on perceived commitment with mediating role of job satisfaction. In other words, the more motivation, perceived support and training are, the more job satisfaction will be, which in turn can result in the increased continuance and normative commitment.

Education and support based on family’s needs may reduce anxiety and increase satisfaction of family members of hospitalized patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study was conducted to determine the effect of educational-supportive intervention on satisfaction of family members. In this quasi-experimental study, 154 participants of family members of hospitalized patients in ICU in Zahedan (Iran) were studied. The participants were allocated to intervention and control groups. Family Satisfaction-ICU (FS-ICU) was used as data collection tool. The validity and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed in Iran. The questionnaires were completed by both groups before and after one- week intervention. The mean change in the score of satisfaction with performance, comfort and participation in decision-making of family members of patients after educational-supportive intervention were 76.62±14.34, 73.86±4.15, and 31.61±19.323 respectively in the intervention group. These scores were significantly higher than those of control group (43.5±3.62, 22.63±5.83 and 18.12±13.84). Analysis of covariance through control of covariate showed that the mean score of satisfaction of family members concerning the three sub-scales were significantly different in two groups after intervention. According to the effect of educational-supportive intervention on the increase of family satisfaction, it is essential to apply these interventions in educational programs and family-centered care. This action reduces the family’s concern as well as increases their motivation and power in caring after patient’s discharge.

The current study aimed to survey the effect of couple’s schema therapy in reducing the tendency to divorce among divorce applicant couples. An experimental study was carried out in the form of single-subject design. The population study consisted of self-referential or referring couples to counseling centers as well as the counseling center of justice department. Three couples (wife and husband) were selected using purposive sampling method. Couple’s schema therapy was conducted during 20 sessions with two-month follow-up. To collect data, demographic checklist and Rusbult tendency to divorce questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using visual analysis, improvement percentage, reliable change index, and Cohen index. The findings showed that couple’s schema therapy decreased tendency to divorce among divorcing couples and this reduction was clinically meaningful and statistically reliable (Reliable Change Index, RCI>1.96), The reduction in the tendency to divorce remained after two months and changes were clinically meaningful and statistically reliable (RCI>1.96), indicating the efficacy of couple’s schema therapy in decreasing the tendency to divorce among couples

Social anxiety is a psychological disorder affected by cognitive aspects of person. The aim of study was to investigate the role of informational, normative, and avoidance identity styles in predicting the variance of social anxiety amongst Iranian medical science students. Using stratified sampling method, one hundred and twenty students were selected from each of the colleges of medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and public health. Berzonsky identity style questionnaire, and Liebowitz et al social anxiety test were used for data collection. According to obtained results informational, normative, and avoidance identity styles can predict the variance of social anxiety. Moreover, there was a significant and negative correlation between social anxiety and informational style and normative identity style; Meanwhile, there was a positive significant correlation between social anxiety and avoidant identity style. With respect to findings of current study, providing more opportunities in the colleges and faculty is recommended in order to improve informational and normative identity styles among students, and reduce social anxiety consequences.

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between social interaction, perceived social support and social acceptance with aggression among adolescents. The execution method was a descriptive and correlative. The statistical population of this study included all of the boy adolescent high school students, that sample including 260 participants of boy adolescents were chosen from various locations of the city by adopting a cluster sampling technique. Results indicated that among the perception of social interaction elements; there is positive and significant relationship between negative thoughts and aggression, and negative and significant relationship between positive thoughts and aggression. Also, there is negative and significant relationship between the elements of perceived social support (social support of friends, family and others) and regression. Moreover, there is negative and significant relationship between social acceptance and adolescents’ aggression. Thus, it can be concluded that perception of social interaction, perceived social support and social acceptance are significant factors which effect the occurrence or absence of adolescents’ aggression.

Doogh is an Iranian traditional dairy-based drink product formally identified as Iranian national drink. This fermented acidified drink has high nutritional value and pleasant organoleptic properties. Samples (n= 120) collected from both industrial and traditional Doogh retail stores in Hamadan in 2015 were analyzed for total solids (%), pH, titratable acidity, salt (%), mold and yeasts count (cfu/ml) according to the Iranian National Standards (no. 2453). Results showed that 100% and 24% of the traditional and industrial Doogh samples had fungal contamination over than 100 cfu/ml, respectively. Moreover, the mean values of titratable acidity, pH, salt, and total solids showed a significant between-group difference. According to this study, employing hygiene programs regarding the production processes is highly recommended.

Emotional intelligence is the measure of an individual’s abilities to recognise and manage their emotions, and the emotions of other people, both individually and in groups. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of emotional intelligence and existential anxiety in codification of job stress model. This research was conducted using correlational method. The statistical population included physicians employed in the hospitals. 240 physicians participated in this research. Three questionnaires; namely, emotional intelligence, existential anxiety, and job stress were prepared and distributed to among the participants. Data analysis was performed using Lisrel statistical software and structural equation modeling. The results showed that emotional intelligence can decrease job stress indirectly through mediating role of existential anxiety reduction. Therefore, strengthening emotional intelligence indicators particularly emotions and optimism, on one hand, and reducing appraisal of emotions ,on the other hand, may result in the decreased existential anxiety and job stress and; consequently, can lead to promotion of physician’s performance.

Heart failure is one of the chronic conditions of heart in the elderly people. The current study aimed to determine the effects of education on knowledge and practice of hospitalized heart failure patients regarding their self-care behaviors. This was a quasi-experimental study with control group which was conducted on 140 patients hospitalizing in Zahedan. The primary information was gathered through a questionnaire and an interview. Then the intervention group was given an educational package including booklet, educational compact disc, and Bluetooth films and posttest was performed after one month. The study's findings indicated that the mean score of patients’ knowledge in intervention group before and after education was 8.23 ± 3.79 and 21.93 ± 2.32 respectively and the mean score of knowledge changes in intervention group was 13.78 ± 4.27. Moreover, the mean score of patients’ practice in intervention group before and after the education was 39.40 ± 5.49 and 66.04 ± 3.44 respectively and the mean score of practice changes in intervention group was 26.57 ± 3.37. The current study revealed the provided education for affected patients by congestive heart failure can enhance knowledge of the disease, improve their practice and self acre behaviors, promote their health condition, and decrease the patients’ death rate.

Community-based participatory research is an important strategy to deal with public health challenges. However, the application of community-based participatory research in public health has encountered many challenges. This study was conducted to address academic perspective about the challenges and factors that are influencing on the community-based participatory research in Iran. A qualitative design using a conventional content analysis approach was employed to collect and analyze data. Twenty –one participants were recruited by using purposive sampling. The data were generated through semi-structured interview. In this work, we found that there are different factors that influence the community-based participatory research projects. These factors are categorized into four main categories: "interpersonal relationships", "readiness", "environment-conducive", and "institutional issues". This study yielded valuable results for researchers aiming at implementation of community-based participatory research in Iranian community. Further efforts should be directed towards improving academician capacity and creating systems to support this method of research.

Environmental exposures of workplace may affect employee's health including the nervous and psychological systems. Aim of this study was to determine the effects of occupational factors on psychological and neurological systems in workplaces. This is historical cohort study on employees in low and high exposure groups. The study's tool was flexible interview, questionnaire and occupational factors measurement. Sick employees were followed until the end of treatment. Headache was higher in employees with high level of lighting. The relative risk was 1.45 (1.04-2.02). Dizziness was significantly more in the working hours in offices. The risk ratio for dizziness was 2.25 (1.80-2.33). Employees with high exposure to occupational factors were at higher risk for headache and dizziness. There is relationship between loss of concentration and age. The risk ratio was 1.63 (1.13-2.36). The results of this study indicated that people who exposed to occupational and environmental pollutants occupational might be a risk for some psychological and neurological symptoms such as headache and dizziness and impaired concentration would be increased by aging.

Nowadays, food and medicine are two key elements in treatment and prevention of diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to food and drug interactions in order to create ideal conditions for drug effects and provide normal nutritional status to prevent unwanted interactions between food and drug. This study aimed to investigate the range of observing standards of food and drug interactions in hospitalized patients. This study was conducted on 400 hospitalized patients. Data gathering tool included a checklist comprising two sections one of which was used to list demographic data and the other one to record food and drug interaction of 19 commonly prescribed medications using inquiries. According to data from participants who had to take medicine with full stomach, the following interactions were observed: Among the 19 widely consumed medicine in the internal hospital ward, only 2 (10%) were used completely according to the instructions for use of the medication on given meal (magnesium hydroxide and salicylic acid) and in relation to other medications, a maximum of 72.1% matching was observed (omeprazole). Based on the findings of this study, following the guidelines for timely medication administration was not met in the hospitalized patients. To strengthen adherence to food-drug interactions guidelines and make alliance between health care providers and the establishment of regular team, ongoing education of health professionals is recommended.