The present study studies the effects of climate on road accidents in Qazvin-Rasht
road. Road accidents are one of the most important factors in property and life loss.
Important factors such as traffic safety, environmental variables and unfavorable
climatic conditions play role in this end. In this research, Rasht-Qazvin axis on long
of 170.81 km, which is one of the most important and at the same time hazardous
roads of Qazvin-Gilan provinces, has been studied as a map of Accident dispersal
and accident risk probability in each of the climatic condition (snowy, icy, rainy,
foggy and sunny). Accident data was used in the road layer during a 4-year
statistical period (2010-2013). Then, according to the frequency of accidents in
atmospheric conditions and the communication axis were determined. classification
and hazardous points . In rainy weather, the frequency of accidents was 16%, in
foggy weather, the frequency of accidental accidents was 11%, in the conditions of
airy weather, the frequency of accidents% 9% and in all atmospheric conditions, the
frequency of accidents was 493 and the Kohin-loshan axis has the maximum
frequency Accidents are among the most dangerous points in this regard In this end,
the severity of accidents and life loss in rainy&snowy days was observed using
accident probability maps as well as importance coefficient of each climatic
condition.

The field and Today, right or wrong, good or bad, the "machine" has
shone in its general and specific sense of human life, and has penetrated all aspects
of human life. Driving violations is one of the main issues of social and one of the
most important concerns of today's societies in the context of intra-urban and
suburban traffic control that causes a great deal of damage to the family and
community institutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of
driving violations, to control the traffic situation, facilitate, accelerate the movement
of vehicles, reduce traffic violations and suggest suitable solutions to solve traffic
problems in Arak city. This research based on the nature and purpose is in terms of
the practical research and the current methodology and the descriptive, analytical
and research method for collecting information and by providing a questionnaire and
field study and participatory observation and complementary techniques such as
library and documentary techniques. It was also used.
The statistical population of the drivers of Arak city was calculated by
random sampling for sampling of percentages of frequencies and sample population
using the Takman table and about 100 people were selected through the Cochran
formula. In this study, Durkheim, Merton, Sutherland and WalterRelex theory were
used to explain the tendency to violate traffic laws and to ensure the validity of the
data collection tool, the opinions of the experts of the traffic police and some of the
completers of the questionnaire (drivers) . The questionnaire is divided into 5 levels
(very high, high, moderate, low and very low) according to Likert scale. Chi-square
test is used as a tool and hypothesis test, respectively.
The results of the study showed that among all the hypotheses such as age
(29.75% of the ages (25-35 years), gender (92% of men), level of education and
literacy (93.26% up to high school), unawareness of people (62%) and lack of social
participation (87%) There is a direct relationship between as independent variables
and driving violations as dependent variable.

The field and Due to the importance of scientific journals in the
production of new sciences, the evaluation of the scientific credibility of these
publications is a process that is being conducted by the Ministry of Science and the
Authorities in these publications in order to examine their strengths and weaknesses.
For this purpose, we can analyze the content of the articles in order to evaluate the
journals.
In order to investigate the flow of knowledge in the traffic police quarerly
Journal of Research in the years 93, 94 and 95, according to the information
gathered from the Quarterly website, they provide information such as the number
of articles, the scientific rank of researchers, their organizational affiliation, the
number of resources used and the areas of research focused. Finally, a
comprehensive overview of the quarterly's knowledge flow is available to
researchers.
The findings of the research showed that most researchers in this
quarterly were male writers, universities had the largest share in the publication of
Quarterly articles, among which Amin police University received the largest share.
The findings of the content review of the Quarterly also show that the Thematic
focus of the articles was on accidents, dangers, accidents and accidents.
The results of the research indicate that the scientific interactions of this
quarterly is with the researchers who are faculty members, senior students and Ph.D.
in the top universities of the country, such as Tarbiat Modares University, Amin
police University, and Allameh Tabataba'i University. Also, from the analysis made
are as follows, the Thematic focus of the Quarterly is more on incidents, dangers,
accidents and accidents

The field and

Today, driving accidents and risky behaviors are consider
as one of the main causes of death and injury in the world. Of course, this amount is
much higher in developing countries than developed countries. Since the driving
high-risk behaviors are complex behaviors and have different dimensions, so this
study aimed to investigate the sociological factors affecting on driving behavior and
have conducted by assisting the interpretation and explanation which drivers have
from their lived experience about their driving behavior.

This study is a mixed research where quantitative and qualitative

were used together concurrently. The first part or quantitative method and the survey
was based on questionnaire.. Researcher have been trying to reach a better
understanding of desired phenomenon in the second part of research which was
done using qualitative method and phenomenological approach and the explanations
that the actors (drivers) have done from driving risky behaviors. For this purpose,
some interviews were done with 18 drivers in Tehran, with at least 2 years
experience of driving in Tehran and in recent years, regularly they have been busy
by driving in semi-standard and depth form, and personally. Interviews time were
considered between 40 and 60 minutes.
Data analysis

In the quantitative part of research, through SPSS software
and in qualitative part, we have analysed the qualitative data by helping the

of Smith's sixth stage.

Research findings in the quantitative part suggest that the social factors
(46%), environmental-psychological factors related to Metropolis(45/3%) and
cultural factors (9%) will explain changes related to the dependent variable (Risky
Driving Behaviors) and the study also revealed that the demographic factors (age,
gender, etc.) have no impact on risky behaviors of driving. In the qualitative part,
after analyzing data obtained from interviews, and after developing the basic
concepts. Which among these 10 categories, based on the abundance and the variety
of concepts used by participants, three categories were selected as basic categories:Defects in the process of social learning, objective contexts (environmentaltechnical
factors) and the attitude of the police and law.. The combination of
qualitative and quantitative findings indicate that these findings are converging and
verify each other.

driving behavior, is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior and
however, in this meantime, the role of driver in controlling driving behavior is so
important; but for the formation of correct driving behavior, in addition to driver role
(agency), the availability of other social, environmental, cultural and structural
substrates can prevent many of the risky behaviors of driving

Lack of safety of roads in different areas can create irreparable damage and
problems in the society The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective
management factors on improving the safety level of roads in Lorestan province.
This research is descriptive-survey and the sample size of the statistical population is
100 traffic driving experts who are selected by simple random sampling method.
The instrument for measuring the present research include a questionnaire of 45
questions for improving the level of safety of roads, which was completed by the
police co-workers. The credibility of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the
Cronbach's alpha formula, which the alpha value of the questionnaire of the experts
in the hallway is 0/9130. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained by formal
validity Analysis of the data from the researcher-made questionnaire of this study
has been done in two descriptive and analytical levels. Descriptive statistics were
used to describe the data and inferential statistics were used to test the relationships
between variables, which have been analyzed by statistical tests called one-way
analysis of variance and regression. The results of this research are as follows. From
the perspective of the statistical society, there is a significant relationship with the
reliability level of 99% with the management factors including user training, control
and enforcement, the use of equipment, and the identification and resolution of
accidental points (independent variables) by improving the level of safety of roads
(dependent variable). Also, the calculated coefficient of determination indicates that
the independent variables studied in this study in the traffic experts questionnaire
cover about 77% of the impact on the dependent variable

Among the important challenges in reading the car number plate are inappropriate
conditions such as the presence of spots or dirt on the plaque, plaque crown and nail
pliers which makes it difficult to read the car number plate. binarization is one of the
most important steps in reading a car number plate and the quality of it can have
strong impact on the whole car number plate recognition process. Many of the errors
found in readings in car number plate are because of mistakes in binarization
process. Although, several threshold detection has been presented, all of them are
not feasible for binarization of car number plates with defacing. In this article, the
authors tried to present a compound procedure based on otsu and niblack which are proper ways for binarization to have high quality binary image. The
presented method has been tested on 100 photos which has been taken by a 3.15
Megapixel camera with 2048*1536-pixel resolution and Finally, the quality of the
images of the existing methods and the proposed method is evaluated qualitatively