فصلنامه فقه
پیاپی 88 (تابستان 1395)

The Shari`ah`s purposes are one of the blessed and newfangled discussions that the various functions are stated for them. In addition to the effect of these aims on correcting the Ijtehadi (legal reasoning) approach and aspect, making appearance and disappearance of it, whether the these aims and purposes of the shari`ah are to be regarded as the legal evidence or not, several practices have been created. Of course, most of the jurisprudents have doubtfully looked at this issue.
This paper has considered the Shari`ah`s purposes according to an another trapdoor, and from an angle of predominance in the conflicted ordinances section. After explaining the background of the Shari`ah`s purposes, this article tries to specify the more significant aims and their linear relationship, and similarly to consider the situation of conflictions among some of Islamic ordinances in accordance with the light of utilizing Islamic legal aims as a definite or probable predominant. Some tangible and functional results are acquired by this study too.

The subject matter of this study is to obtain a method of step-by-step for finding out words` meanings used in the jurisprudential evidence. In this research, according to the library method, after presenting foundations and presuppositions of the jurisprudential principles such as considering the validity of a terminologist`s saying about the meaning of a word, the probable harms of a literal analysis are firstly enumerated and then, 13 steps for a methodical and valid analysis of the meaning of a word are respectively represented.
The required lexical sources have been orderly introduced; the surrounding sources such as the sources of synonyms and opposites, differences of words, metaphorical meanings, terms, and soul of meaning are also shown, and in each section, an example of the jurisprudents` practice for analyzing a word is represented.

The Innocent`s behavior like his saying is one of the parts of the tradition and also is an important source for inferring the religious teachings. However, since the functional aspects of it are unknown, this narrative component has not been taken into consideration.
In an explorative - analytical method, the present paper has tried to find out and specify the effective criteria on the inference of the innocent`s act, and consequently, to prepare the ground of extending the inference to the Imam`s act. The achievements of this research show that the Functional standards of the Innocent`s behavior can be divided into two kinds: the explorative standards of the Infallible Imam`s behavior, and the deductive standards of the Infallible Imam`s behavior. These criteria can be regarded as the standards of validating the teachings derived from Imam`s act.

The famous Imami Jurisprudents believe that a conjectural transaction makes a sale contract null and void while nowadays in a lots of cases , there is no possibility of accurate information about the subject-matter of the contracts. In a descriptive- analytical method and library way, this paper has considered and analyzed the amount of validity of such a claim. The results of this research show that the traditionswhich are referred by the Jurisprudents to nullity of Gazaf sale do not indicate their claim and they are more special than the mentioned claim. Moreover, it seems that in the supposition of question, the instruments of weighing a goods are not important, but the criterion is to be specified the subject matter of a contract in a way that does not cause any difference, and this significant issue can be determined by observation and customary confidence methods.

One of the human being`s contemporary main concerns is moral issues (both individual and social ethics); Many of the difficulties, disagreements and dislocations of human societies are arising from the lack of them.
One of the ethical issues is backbiting that contains lots of discussions. The pundits disagrees on the scope of prohibited backbiting. The famous Imami jurisprudents believe that backbiting a non - Imami shiite is permissible. This essay has firstly considered and criticized the seven evidence of the Shiites who are adherents of permission. It has secondly introduced the reasons of prohibition of backbiting the absolute Muslims both the different shia and suni sects except the Nasebis (the enemies of the prophet`s household) and the Ghalis (the exaggerators).

Holy Ka`ba is the symbol of Islam; "Islam overcomes and is not overcome by any thing". This supremacy of Islam appears in the glory and magnificence of Kaba. Nevertheless, nowadays the high-rise buildings which are overlooking Kabah reduce its glory. According to a group of Shiite jurisprudents` opinion (fatwa), ordinance of constructing such buildings is reprehensible, while another group of them give an opinion that the Islamic rule is forbidden. In spite of many preventive traditions concerning construction of the taller buildings than Ka`ba in Sunni works, which some of these traditions are correct according to the very Sunni`s school, the Sunni jurisprudents apparently do not engage to state this issue at all. Reviewing the general and absolute evidence about the mentioned question and the preventive traditions with regard to making an overlooking building around Ka`ba leave no room for doubt that constructing such the buildings is reprehensible precept. However, the first ordinance about such buildings is reprehensible, but the necessity of complying with the reprehensible and recommended duties in the divine secure shrine concerning very Ka`ba which is the greater of the divine rites, will accompany by the more emphasis. The government claiming to be Islamic is under a heavier responsibility for this precept.