فصلنامه جامعه شناسی کاربردی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 68، زمستان 1396)

Employment of women and issues related to it, especially in recent years has become one of the most important issues in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational factors, included work time, work experience, type of job, work support, sense of work role overload, job satisfaction and work-family role conflict among employed women in Yazd. The method used in this research is descriptive correlation. Data has been collected by using questionnaire and selected 323 employed women of Yazd city through the cluster sampling technique. Data were analyzed by the statistical software’s, namely SPSS and Amos. The Findings of this study indicate that work support and job satisfaction had significant and negative relationship with work-family conflict. In contrast, there is a significant and positive relationship between work time and sense of work role overload with work- family conflict. Also, there is a significant difference between the work-family role conflict of public and private businesses. Work experience, had no significant relationship with the level of work- family conflict. Thus, organizational factors have effective role to reduce the pressure and stress of employed women.

In recent decades social changes and development in service sector have created an environment in which human emotions have become objects. This is known, in the literature of sociology of emotions, as commodification of emotions and the purpose of this article is to interpret the representation of emotions commodification in a film.
In doing so, the movie Hard Make-up is chosen using maximum-discrepancy sampling method. In order to analyze the data, narrative analysis is used which belongs to the interpretive paradigm.
The results shows that the discourse of Hard Make-up represents a service-based economy in which actors are expected to rely on their emotions as a source of capital and enter it into economic transactions and relations in order to make profit. In other words, this discourse employs a story line which shows all characters, working in the service sector, perform "emotional labor" so they can bring their emotions in line with the requirements of their job and achieve their goals. In this way, feeling rules of such jobs requires that job holders sell their emotions, not because of institutionalized and regulatory nature of work procedures, but because of over individualization of work process. This selling is in fact a sort of gambling over emotions in which obtaining money is the ultimate end.

Agricultural and industrial cooperative researches on application of the program for the development of the country played an important role in the growth and expansion of industrial agriculture and manufacturing excellence and develop the talents of Potential this section in the country. The role of social capital and its presence in a dramatic live action of expensive social, as contributing factors in production, lowering the cost and facilitate social interactions, cursor, so in this study to examine and assess the effect of social capital on the performance of the principal of the company for cooperative farming and industrial in Boyr-Ahmad County.In this study, the two methods of surveying and library research have been utilized. The statistical society under study comprised 210 principal members of the agricultural and industrial cooperatives of Boyr-Ahmad County, from among whom, as many as 136 people were selected as a sample in accordance with Morgan Table and were studied within the method of random sampling classification. To collect data the instrument of questionnaire was used.
To analyze the data, the SPSS software, statistical tests, Pierson correlation coefficients, independent T test, ANOVA, simple linear regression, multi-variable regression, Cronbachs Alpha method for Reliability calculations and Confirmatory factor analysis to determine the Construct validity were used. The findings of the research were indicative of a correlation between social participation, social integration, social awareness and the resultant of social capital components, on the one hand, and the functionality of the agricultural and industrial cooperatives, on the other. However, the hypothesis of the existence of a correlation between social trust, consumption of cultural goods, age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, level of education, activity record and membership record, on the one hand, and the functionality of the agricultural and industrial cooperatives, on the other, was rejected. Moreover, the research findings showed that from among the different variables in the regression analysis for explaining the variables effective on the functionality of the cooperatives, the independent variables of social participation, social awareness, social integration, the member's record of activity and age could have justified 37.7% of all factors effective on the functionality of the agricultural and industrial cooperatives. The strongest predictive factor in the functionality of the agricultural and industrial cooperatives has been the social participation. This variable alone has justified 27.9% of the variables of the functionality of the cooperatives.

Social loafing can arise many problems and negative consequences for the individual and society in the short term and the long term. Loafing used to means of breeding, sloth and negligence and dereliction.The aim of this study is to investigate the factors which affect a student’s social loafing (in these case Mazandaran university students).Method is survey and data collecting tool is questionnaire. The population of this research includes all of Mazandaran University students and the sample size was estimated 390 students by Cochran formula. In this research, the theory of Coleman rational choice was selected as the theoretical framework. After collecting data, hypotheses were analyzed in descriptive and inferential level by Amos and SPSS software. The results show that academic Loafing has meaningful relation with variables such as disorganization within the university and out of the university, the lack of control in university, the weak of planning in university, systemic training loafing, Loafing culture in society, academic alienation, lack of interest and motivation to learn, autonomy, low cost of loafing in the community. But there wasn’t meaningful relation between social loafing with lack of facilities at the University and The lack of job prospects.it was confirmed first hypothesis by structural equation. The result of Structural modeling test shows that above variables could explain 40% from variation of academic Loafing (individual, group).

This study emphasizes the concept of class, capital and cultural reproduction, the relationship between fatalism and social category (334 out of the heads of households in Isfahan) using surveys and multistage cluster sampling was conducted. The results show that there is an inverse relationship between social class and fatalism. In other words, the lower classes are more fatalist. Regression analysis also showed that the components of cultural capital (as the most important indicator of social class) and after the economic capital, have been able to explain most of the variance related to changes in the concept of fatalism. In addition to the unequal distribution of cultural capital and between social classes (high average in the upper classes) and the big difference between fatalism (high average among the lower classes), Both concept, shows that, cultural mobility relatively existed for middle class and between social classes,there is more cultural reproduction.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relation between students’ social life skills with their political education components. Accordingly, the relation between social life skills with political knowledge, political attitude, political skills and political behavior as political education components were examined. The population were undergraduates and graduates students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. A total of 375 students were selected to dada gathering. Instruments were researcher made questionnaires that titled “Social Life Skills Questionnaire” and “Questionnaire of Measurement of Students’ Political Education Components”. The reliability of instruments tested with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) and revealed 0.93 for first instrument and 0.86 for second one. Results showed that all social life skills that were investigated in this study have a positive, significant and medium relation with students’ political education components. Also, the skills such as critical thinking, world citizenship and self-awareness are the most important predictors for political education components and the sex is not a significant predictor for student political education.

There has been a lot of attention to the role of Social and cultural factors in regional spatial planning and development in two recent decades and concepts such as social capital are considered attractive in this arena. Investigating and analysis the role of social and cultural factors, therefore, is a basic step in regional development planning. According to the above discussion, this article is trying to answer the question: how the situation is in terms of social and cultural factors as driving force or obstacle in regional development in North Khorasan Province? To answer the above question, we have used a survey and qualitative method. Data gathering was done by questioner and formal data delivered by organizations.
The results demonstrate that the counties of North Khorasan Province show different condition according to the social and cultural factors. The results, also, demonstrate that there are some social and cultural factors such as working as a value, the important of working, and social capital that act as driving forces in the process of spatial planning and development of North Khorasan Province. The results, in the other hand, show that the factors such as declining social status of working, various conflicts and opponents, social problems and unemployment are acting as obstacle in the process of spatial planning and development of North Khorasan Province.

Youre body is not a mere biological and psychosocial but also a phenomenon that is socially constructed. Therefore, the formation of today's consumer society, media and reflections of identity, people began to build their own bodies. The aim of this study women's perception of body image and qualitative research methods and the type of theory is based. Techniques for data collection, semi-structured interviews with 18 young women in Tehran was that experience had cosmetic surgery. Based on theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis by Glaser and Strauss was also encrypts the three phases of open coding, axial, and selective was used. As a result of a coding process 167 and 16 main categories and 25 sub categories and a core that was in model paradigm. Factors affecting the perception was identified as masculine norms that prevail in society, including for example, superficial view of women, gender socialization, , women's low base and the mass media. The consequences of this type of culture is also prevalent perception rivalry, dominance of foreign culture, the culture of consumerism is rampant.