فصلنامه دانش حسابداری مالی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 14، پاییز 1396)

This study has investigated the relations between voluntary disclosure, earning quality and cost of capital in the companies accepted on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Also this study has demonstrated the importance of viewing voluntary disclosure as a response to earning quality during analyzing the disclosure effects to firms cost of capital. The 77 firms is selected during 1998-2013 by elimination sampling and the hypotheses is tested by the method of multi-variable linear regression. The results represent a significantly positive relation between earning quality and voluntary disclosure. Firms with better(worse) earnings quality have more (fewer) voluntary disclosures and there is the exist significantly relation between cost of capital and voluntary disclosure only if pay no attention to control variables linked to risk. Also we find there is no significant relation between the cost of capital and firms voluntary disclosure in the companies accepted on the Tehran Stock Exchange by controlling the earning quality effects

Literature review of the research suggests that equity incentives have mutual effect on earnings management. If corporate governance is strong, equity incentives will caused alignment in equity and management incentives; but if corporate governance is weak, equity incentives will caused earnings management. According to this, the main objective of this research is evaluating the effect of corporate governance on the relationship between earnings management and equity incentives. For this purpose, using multiple regression, the effects of strength and weakness of corporate governance, the ratio of each company-year bonuses to each industry-year bonuses, and Interaction of equity incentives and corporate governance on the real earnings management have been estimated. The sample of research consisted of 160-year-Company between the years 1388 to 1393, that have been selected by using systematic elimination from the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.
The results showed that when supervision is high and corporate governance is strong, providing discount, deferred sales to change the normal operation of sales and reduce research and development (R&D) expenditure to increase sales and profit (compared to when such mechanism are not established) are limited in throughput. Reducing the severity of monitoring, leading to opportunistic behavior of management and it increase the level of sales through manipulation the discount rates of sales and credit conditions.

The role of the Audit Committee in Corporate strategic system is one of the issues that the supervising bodies care about it very much. Audit Committee as a responsible body for supervising the work of auditors has an important role in determining the size and scope of auditor's proceedings and also it is responsible for determining audit services fees according to Charter of the Audit Committee. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship the Audit Committee features and the audit fees. According to internal control instructions of publishers market that make it necessary to form audit committee and disclose the Audit Committee features. we use information about 134 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange that disclose their audit committee features and audit services fees in their report from 2012 to 2014 in to test The Relationship between the audit committee features and Audit services Fees. In order to test the research hypotheses, we used the multiple regression model. The results show that "forming audit committee history" has significant and positive relationship with audit committee fees; but there is no significant relationship between "audit committee independence" and "audit committee Expertise and financial expertise".

Tax has long been collected as the most important source of government revenue. On the other hand, the companies have always been trying to pay less tax. Tax avoidance is one of the approaches taxpayers can use to reduce the amount of tax. This study intends to investigate and identify the factors affecting tax avoidance. Disclosure quality, financial constraints, conservation, managerial overconfidence, auditor expertise, product market competition and corporate governance are independent variables and tax avoidance is dependent variable. To evaluate the impact of tax avoidance, the variable was regarded as independent variable and return on assets, return on equity, economic value added, the value of the company and operating cash flow were dependent variables. For this purpose, the data of 103 companies were analyzed using the software SmartPLS3 and partial least square method in 2011-2015. The results showed that disclosure quality, managerial overconfidence, auditor expertise, financial constraints and firm size had a positive significant effect on tax avoidance. On the other hand, no relationship was observed between product market competition, corporate governance and conservation and tax avoidance. The results also indicated that tax avoidance had no significant effect on return on assets and economic value added, but a positive significant effect on return on equity, value of the company and operating cash flow.

Abstract:One of the criteria that may affect the timeliness of reporting the audited financial statements is the complexity of accounting information. With increasing complexity of economic units, auditors should take the necessary steps to carry out the necessary professional careers at all stages of the audit, as it is impossible to make a mistake in events. This paper examines the complexity of accounting information delayed presentation of audited financial statements and information asymmetry with an emphasis on the role of audit quality. In this study, the complexity of accounting information has been measured based on the developed model of Izadi et al. (1393). And also used to measure the auditor's specialty in the industry from the Palm Rose model (1986) based on the market approach. To test the research hypotheses, 83 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the 2010 to 2015 period were investigated through a combination of data regression. The findings of the research show that the complexity of accounting information does not have a significant effect on the timeframe for the preparation of financial statements by companies, but leads to an increase in the delay in the audit process time. On the other hand, the delay in providing audited financial statements will increase the information asymmetry. The auditor's expertise in the industry as a well-known standard of audit quality reduces the length of the audit report process. Also, the interactive effect of auditor's specialty and the complexity of accounting information has a negative relationship with the delay in the audit report process.

Prior research suggests that Product market competition as an external mechanism of corporate governance roles, decrease crash risk by decreasing agency costs, aligning interests of managers and investors, decreasing malfeasance by managers, improving operations, quality financial reporting. So, The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Product Market Competitions measures on Stock Price Crashes of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. These four measures of Product Market Competition in our tests: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Tubin’s Q ratio, lerner and adjusted lerner index. For this purpose four hypotheses are developed and data on the 99 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1384 to 1394 were analyzed. This regression model using panel data with fixed effects approach, reviews and tests. The results showed that the concentration of : Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Tubin’s Q ratio measure of Product Market Competitions has significant positive impact and lerner and adjusted lerner index has a significant negative impact Stock Price Crashes

The information asymmetry, as one of the observed phenomena in capital market, has prompted many researchers to look for its causes. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of earnings comparability and it’s components including the cash flows and accruals on information asymmetry in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The statistical sample of study which has been selected by systematic election comprised of 85 firms listed in TSE during 2002-2015. The method of this study is descriptive- correlation. Multivariate regression and pooled data have been used for testing research hypotheses. The findings show that earnings comparability had no effect on information asymmetry. Similarly, the other results suggest that cash flows comparability and accruals comparability have no effect on information asymmetry. It seems that earnings comparability is not important for investors’ decision making and another factor determine participants’ behavior in Iran capital market. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the reporting to facilitate earnings comparing and the other hand, educating the capital market participants to understand the importance of earnings comparability and use it.