نشریه پژوهش مدیریت آموزش کشاورزی
سال نهم شماره 42 (پاییز 1396)

Know audiences and their expectations, including necessory variables to design and delivery of more effective and better Extension education Radio programs.
In this causal-relationship study, villagers use of local Radio Agricultural Extension programs (Hello fellow citizens and nomadic voice) from winter of 2015 until summer of next year, has been reviewd in Ilam township and variables affecting rural satisfaction of these programs, also been studied.
the research population included 3546 rural household head of Ilam township. Based on kerejcie and Morgan table, 346 people of them were selected by cluster sampling.
to gather the data a questionnaire was designed and its validity, was done by a panel of expert of professors of Agricultural Extension and education department of Ilam Islamic Azad university and its reliability by using alpha order, was approved.
The results of regression showed that four variables of ordination and alignment of Radio programs with audiences Educational need , marital status , rural people linkages with Jihad agricultural centers and quality of programs, were the main variables influencing the dependent variable (the use of the Radio) and could predict, 50. 2 percent of likely changes of dependent variable.

Knowledge is regarded as essential factor for successful action of different group including agricultural experts and scholars. According to agricultural experts and scholars have special roles in educating farmers in order to coping with climate change and study about agricultural issues, Analysis of their knowledge about the existence of climate change and its causes, consequences and adaptation ways is central to developing interventions in support of adaptation and mitigation. this paper investigates the factors influencing knowledge and influenced knowledge among agricultural experts. The statistical population of this research consisted of 520 agricultural experts and researchers of Khuzestan Province. A sample of 320 persons was selected through Random Stratified Sampling method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire. The reliability of it using θ coefficient(0/68-0/87) has been approved. The results showed a significant part of agricultural specialists(66.6%) believe that climate change impacts are already visible. In addition, most environmental concerns were respectively about three the issue of air pollution, water pollution and the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. SEM, also showed trust in government have direct and positive effect on psychology distance and self-efficacy and also have indirect effect on general knowledge, consequence knowledge and adaptation knowledge. Psychology distance has negative and direct effect on general knowledge. Also risk salience is a strong predictor of belief to existence of climate change and belief to existence of climate change have direct and positive effect on risk perception and mitigation intention, there for risk salience indirectly influences risk perception and mitigation intention.

Goal of this study was aimed to examine and evaluate the role of paddy rice farmer's education under the project of Hamagam Ba Keshavarz based on Kirkpatrick's model in the Amol Township. The study was carried out by using a survey and causal-comparative method. The targeted population of this study consisted of 2,500 farmers who were participating in the project in 2016. Using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method; 240 paddy rice farmers were selected as sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data. To determine the validity and reliability of the data collection instrument; the opinions of experts and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and ordinal theta were used, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and ordinal theta indicated that research instrument was reliable in various sectors (≥0/84). The analysis of data carried out using SPSS software. Results of descriptive statistics showed that HBK project had influenced in level on learning and behavioral characteristics of the farmers. In addition, most of paddy rice farmers had good reaction toward the project. Educational effect of HBK project, using binomial test showed that practical means of the reactional and behavioral characteristics in the project were significantly higher of the theoretical means. Furthermore, the paired t- test results showed that HBK educational project were largely effective in improving knowledge of paddy rice farmers and rice production.

the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of evaluation of major on academic satisfaction and mediating role of academic motivation, among agricultural students. The statistical population of study consisted of all undergraduate students in 2016-2017 academic years, in the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (N=740). In This causal-correlation study according to Cochran formula, sample size obtained 275 people (n= 275) which were accessed through random stratified sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisted of 3 sections of evaluation of major, academic satisfaction and Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand, 1992). Construct validity and composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and sustained after making necessary corrections. The data were processed using SPSSwin20 and LISREL, then analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that among the academic achievement (GPA) with academic satisfaction, academic motivation and field of study evaluation, there was a significant positive correlation among students. Structural equation modeling results showed the effect of evaluation of major on students’ academic satisfaction, 64% (directly); and by effectiveness of academic motivation (mediator variable) in the model (25%) was confirmed. Among the indicators of student's evaluation about field and academic satisfaction of field, respectively, the amount of importance to field in society (coefficient of determination: 0.3041) and tend to be employed (as main job) in field of study (coefficient of determination: 0.2601), accounted the major parts in study model.

Interaction between Supervisor and student have a huge impact on the quality of thesis and student’s satisfaction; therefore, it is necessary to consider the appropriate criteria for selecting a supervisor. The aim of this study was to investigate the influenced Factors on selection of supervisors by high education students. Research method in this study was grounded theory and systematically interviewing and observation were techniques that were used to collect data. The statistical population includes all students and graduates of the Department of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran in 2016. 7 master, 20 PhD students and graduates were selected as sample. Sampling method was quota and sample selection was confirmatory. NVivo10 software was used for data analysis. Interviews and Notes were studied to achieve the grounded theory according to Strauss and Corbin paradigmatic model (1999) and coded in three steps. The results showed that personal characteristics and behavior of supervisors, access and accountability verbal and non-verbal, Professor influence and power in organizations, up to date and Specialized knowledge and skills required. Reputation Master, Advise and offer students and teachers an important factor in the selection of supervisors by students.

Consulting educators must have professional skills and competencies required to do their job properly. The purpose of this research was to investigate factors affecting professional competencies of agricultural engineering consultants in the East Golestan Province. Methodologically, this research is a causal-relation and applied study. The statistical population consisted of 180 agricultural consultants. According to the Cochran formula, a sample size of 110 was selected using stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, with content validity approved by agricultural extension experts at Sari Islamic Azad University and reliability estimated to be 0.94, using ordinal theta coefficient. Data processing was conducted using SPSSWin16. The analysed results showed that, 33.6% of respondents ranked their professional competencies at intermediate level, while 16.4% considered it at the weak level. The results also indicated that variables management, educational, communication and environmental factors had a significant positive correlation with professional competencies. Based on the ordinal regression findings, two factors namely management and education influenced the probability of estimating the level of professional competence of the consulting educators.

The philosophy of applied-science higher education of Iran is development of entrepreneurship in agriculture sector thought training of entrepreneurs graduated student. In this regard, Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center (IHEC) has tried to become an entrepreneurial center in agriculture by design and implementing programs such as; entrepreneurship farm, learn and earn project, entrepreneurship plan, farm field school, education, extension and research tour, science and technology park and workshops on entrepreneurship education. So this study aimed to identify the effective factors and its relationship with the development of entrepreneurship in Applied Scientific Centers of Jihad-e-Agriculture. The statistical population of this study consisted of all faculty members, instructors and managers of Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center (IHEC) equal to 72 people which by the census method data gathered. The main instrument of the research was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed a panel of educational specialists and its reliability was approved by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient over 0.7. Based on result of factor analysis of factors effecting on entrepreneurship development, 7 extracted factors explained about 70% of total variance. Finding of Friedman test showed that there were significance difference between factors and education of entrepreneurship factor was the most important factor of entrepreneurship development. Also based on pathway analysis three factors including “education of entrepreneurship”, “entrepreneurship policies and missions” and “innovative practices” had significant direct and indirect effect and 4 other factors had significant direct effect on dependent variables of level of entrepreneurship development.

Motivation is the basis of the conscious behavior of individuals and there are various motivations for choosing a field of study, type of study course, and university. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motivation of students to enter the technical and vocational higher education course. The statistical population of the study was composed of 1020 student of technical and vocational higher education course in the educational centers in the academic year of 1994-95 and from that 346 students were selected using the Kerjesie and Morgan tables and through stratified random sampling technique.The research instrument was a questionnaire that its validity was reviewed and confirmed by a group of relevant experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by pretest and Teta coefficient (Ө = 0.94). Factor analysis showed that student motivations are detected in six dimensions including: Occupational and Individual, Educational – Institutional, Compulsory environment and media Advertising, Insist and recommend friends and parents, Entering to university and earning a degree of education and Financial constraints and appropriate tuition. Occupational and individual factor was identified as the most important factor. The average comparison between student's motivation and gender was shown that girl and boy students had significant different in the first factor. Comparison of the average of the motivating factors and the student's job status at the time of study as shown that there were significant differences between employed and unemployed students in terms of occupational and individual, educational – institutional factors.

The main objective of this research is to determine the related factors of using mobile learning in organic agriculture education. The statistical population of the study was literate farmers in East Azerbaijan province (N = 149192). Based on the Cochran Formula, a sample size of 382 was estimated by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed by experts. Initial reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using by Cronbach's alpha for each part of the questionnaire (0.8-0.497). Structural validity and composite reliability (CR) of the research tool were also obtained by estimating the measurement model after applying the necessary corrections. Data was analyzed using by SPSS Win20 and AMOS 20 softwares in the form of structural equation modeling. The results of the research displayed that 50.5% of the farmers were in low level in terms of skills of working with mobile learning tools. 52.4% of the farmers were in the moderate level in terms of attitudes toward the use of mobile learning in organic agriculture education and 28.8% have a higher attitude level. By increasing the levels of variables literacy and income of farmers, their tendency to use mobile learning in organic farming education increases. Finally, structural model analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between content, skill, utility, financial, psychological and attitude components with using mobile learning in organic farming education and explained 86 percent of its variances.
Index Terms: Mobile Learning, Agricultural Education, Organic Agriculture

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence and relatedness), academic self-efficacy and academic engagement among agricultural students in the West Iran Universities. Moreover, the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and academic engagement was examined. The statistical population of this research consisted of 6598 undergraduate agricultural students at five public universities in the west of Iran (N=6598). According to Bartlett’s table, a sample of 365 students was chosen through random stratified sampling method. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires. Data were then analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling by the help of SmartPLS 3 software. Results indicated that academic self-efficacy and the three kinds of needs satisfaction were positively and significantly related to academic engagement. Furthermore, the results showed that academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between the three kinds of needs satisfaction and academic engagement. These results show the importance of basic psychological needs satisfaction and suggest targeting student self-efficacy is not sufficient when attempting to improve academic engagement; rather, students must also feel autonomous, competent, and experience a genuine connection with their college, lecturers and fellow students.