مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال یازدهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 70، بهمن 1396)

Human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells are one of the valuable sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering, and for these purposes, it is necessary to proliferate them in culture medium. Culture medium imposes oxidative stress on cells. Vitamin C (vit C) is a potent antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vit C on proliferation and differentiation of these cells.
After isolation and culture of cells from umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly, cells of third passage culture, were treated with different concentrations of vit C in five groups, including: 1- without vit C, 2- supplemented medium with 5µM of vit C; 3- supplemented medium with 50µM of vit C; 4- supplemented medium with 250, and 5- supplemented medium with 500µM of vit C. The treatment period was 9days. Cellular bioviability was assessed by MTT assay, and their differentiation potential was assessed by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation inducer medium and histochemical staining.
In this study, vit C with concentration of 250µM increased cellular bioviability, while other concentrations decreased it (p≤0.05). Also, 50µM concentration improved osteogenic differentiation; while, in terms of adipogenic differentiation, it could just uniform dispersion of lipid droplets with 50 µM concentration.
The results of this study showed that an appropriate concentration of vit C can increase the viability of Wharton’s jelly and affect osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.

Diabetes is one of the most common health problems with remarkable outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of changes in glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index, and plasma levels of lipids following a period of circuit resistance training in male patients with type 2 diabetes.
In this semi-experimental study, 20 men with type 2 diabese, were randomly selected and divided into two experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed circuit resistance training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week with 60-80% of one repetition maximum (1RM). The variables measured before and after training program included blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t-tests at the significance level of p In this study, 8 weeks of circuit resistance training caused a significant decrease in insulin resistance index and fasting blood glucose in the experimental group compared to the control group (p0.05).
Circuit resistance training can be taken into consideration as a non-drug therapy for health of men with type 2 diabetes.

Oxidative stress causes damage in processes, such as learning and memory through affecting the nervous system. Also, using chemical drugs for treatment of stress-induced depression is often associated with attenuation of memory. In the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Noroozak (Salvia leriifolia) root as an antioxidant along with antidepressant drug, fluvoxamine, were investigated on the spatial memory of male rats under immobilization stress.
In this experimental study, 25 adult male rats (mean weight, 170g), were randomly divided into five groups of 5 each. The animals were orally treated with different doses of drug and extract for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, a radial 8-arm maze was used to investigate the behavioral indices. Also, malondialdehyde and catalase levels in the brain tissue homogenate and glucose and cortisol levels in blood, were measured. Data analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey’s test.
Spatial memory in the rats under immobilization stress (sham group) showed a significant decrease as compared to the control group. Administration of extract of Noroozak root improved the spatial memory in the groups receiving extract and extract-drug compared to sham and fluvoxamine groups. Also, the extract of Noroozak root improved the flovoxamine-induced attenuation of memory, increased catalase, and decreased malondialdehyde, glucose, and cortisol in the groups under treatment with extract and extract-drug compared to sham group.
The findings showed that immobilization stress and fluvoxamine administration for the treatment of stress-induced depression resulted in attenuation of spatial memory; while, the extract of Noroozak root improved memory in all groups due to powerful antioxidant property.

Obesity is obviously related to incidence of cardiovascular problems. Novel risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as fibrinogen and homocysteine, have attracted the attention of many researchers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selected Pilates exercises on plasma levels of fibrinogen and homocysteine in non-athlete obese women.
Twenty non-athlete obese women (age, 29.6±3.6years; body mass index, 32.6±1.6kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this quasi-experimental study. The participants were randomly divided into two equal groups of control (daily activities) and experimental (selected Pilates exercises). The intervention of experimental group consisted of performing 8 weeks of selected Pilates exercises, 3 sessions per week, with each session lasting 60-75min. Before and after 8 weeks of Pilates exercises, blood samples (5cc), were taken from all participants in a 10-hour fasting state. Plasma levels of fibrinogen and homocysteine were assessed using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests (p Significant differences were observed in concentration of plasma fibrinogen (340.1±40.98mg/dl before vs 309.5±34.65mg/dl after) and plasma homocysteine (15.01±1.15µmol/l before vs 12.26±1.47µmol/l after) (p Overall, it seems that probably selected Pilates exercises can have beneficial effects on some cardiovascular risk factors.

Elaeagnus angustifolia from the perspective of traditional medicine has therapeutic effects for the treatment of many diseases. Flowers and blossoms of Elaeagnus angustifolia tree stimulate hormonal and nervous system and sexual desires. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of Elaeagnus angustifolia flower extract, were investigated on serum levels of estrogen and progesterone in female rats.
In this study, 36 mature female Wistar rats (weight, 180-200g), were divided into 4 groups of 9 each. The first group (control) received no medication; second group (sham) was given distilled water (solvent); third and fourth groups respectively received hydroalcoholic extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia flower at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg through gavage for 14 days. At the end, blood sample was taken from the heart of animals, its serum was separated and the serum levels of estrogen and progesterone, were measured using ELISA method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
The serum concentration of estrogen and progesterone hormones significantly increased in the groups receiving the extract (at dose of 50mg/kg) compared to control and sham groups (p The results of this investigation showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia flower increases the blood concentration of estrogen and progesterone hormones. This plant also can be used for increasing female hormones and sexual desire.

Neurotrophins play an important role in disease status in multiple sclerosis patients, and studies have shown that these factors are influenced by physical activity. The purpose of the present study was comparison of training in aquatic and land environments on nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 in male patients with MS.
In this study, 27 male patient with disability status scale between 1 and 3 who referred to Al-Zahra Hospital, were selected by purposive sampling. Then, the subjects were equally and randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (control, exercise in water, exercise on land). Blood sampling was performed in two stages: before and after the training period. Endurance training for in-water exercise group was stationary bike in water and for the on-land exercise group, was endurance training (stationary bike on land). Intensity and duration of exercise for both training groups, were equally at 60% of maximum oxygen consumption and 30 minutes for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week.
Nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor levels in both training groups, significantly increased in post-test compared to pre-test, but in the control group no significant difference was observed between the times of measurements. Also, measured factors in the in-water exercise group were significantly higher than on-land training group.
According to the results of this study, endurance training increases neurotrophic factors in patients with multiple sclerosis, which this increase in the in-water exercise group was higher than on-land exercise group.

Magnesium is a cofactor with more than 300 enzymes, which affect energy production and the nervous system. This research aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium intake on musculoskeletal fatigue electromyography indices following intense anaerobic exercise.
Sixteen active male students voluntarily participated in this semi-experimental study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of supplement and placebo. EMG electrodes were placed on muscles based on SENIAM instructions. Test was performed on a bicycle ergometer (lode, Netherland) and at the same time, the right leg muscles activity, was recorded using an EMG device. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-tests. The significance level was considered to be 0.05.
Magnesium supplementation reduces intragroup RMS of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles (p=0.001, p=0.05, p=0.001, respectively), but between-group values had no significant difference. Magnesium intake also increased MPF in vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles (p=0.001, p=0.05, p=0.05, respectively), and also between-group comparison showed increase in vastus lateralis in supplement group (p=0.026).
Based on the findings of this study, magnesium sulfate supplementation improves the performance of healthy active subjects in a short period of intense activity, such as Wingate test.

Omentin and chemerin are adipokines that are predominantly secreted from adipose tissue. In the present study, the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training, was investigated on serum levels of chemerin, omentin-1, and insulin resistance in overweight women.
In this quasi-experimental study, 21 overweight women were selected from volunteers (according to research facilities) and purposefully divided into two groups of training (N=11) and control (N=10). Training program consisted of 8 weeks (three sessions/week) of aerobic training, 30 min running at 50-70% maximum heart rate. In the first two weeks, training was performed with 50%, second 2 weeks with 60%, third 2 weeks with 65%, and the last 2 weeks with 70% of maximum heart rate. Forty-eight hours before the start and 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were collected and serum levels of omentin and chemerin and insulin resistance, were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to assess between-group differences.
Changes in serum levels of chemerin showed no significant reduction in the experimental group compared to the control group (p=0.146), while, serum levels of omentin had a significant increase in the experimental group compared to the control group (p It seems that these trainings in overweight women, has more effect on the increase in omentin compared to the decrease in chemerin. Therefore, these trainings can be an appropriate method for reduction of obesity-related diseases.

There is consensus on the use of exercise therapy and exercise for control, prevention, and treatment of patients with low back pain. But considering the diversity of exercise therapy methods, the effect of these exercises has not yet been studied. In this study, the effect of 8 weeks of Barre au sol exercises was investigated on levels of pain and trunk muscle endurance in women with chronic low back pain.
In this semi-experimental study, 30 female patients (aged 20-40 years) with chronic low back pain, who referred to therapeutic and physiotherapy centers of the 3rd district of Isfahan, were selected in convenient and purposeful manner in the second half of 2015, and randomly assigned to two groups of (Bare au sol exercise, n=15) with the mean age of 28.86 years; Height, 161.87cm, weight, 69.12kg, and BMI, 26.88 and control (conventional therapy and physiotherapy N=15) with the mean age of 28.20 years; Height, 169.12cm; weight, 69.76; and BMI, 26.60. Before and after the study period, endurance of the trunk extensor muscles and pain intensity, were measured by Biering Sorensen Test and Visual Analog Scale questionnaire, respectively. Barre au sol exercises were regularly performed during 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session lasted about one hour.
After 8 weeks of exercises, a significant decrease in pain level (t=80.17, p=0.000) and a significant increase in the trunk muscles endurance (t=61.10, p=0.000), were observed.
The results of this research indicated that Barre au sol exercises have the potential to reduce complications caused by low back pain; therefore, It can be used as a therapeutic method for patients with low back pain.

Cognitive psychologists consider schemas as cognitive structures, which affect the person in selecting, encoding, and processing information obtained from the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between Myers-Briggs personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in medical students.
In this descriptive-correlational research, 120 students (60 females and 60 males), were selected through convenience sampling method and answered to Yang’s Schema questionnaire and Myers-Briggs Type Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.
In this study, no difference was oserved between the two groups in Myers-Briggs Personality dimensions. Both groups obtained the highest scores in perception and extraversion. There was a significant difference between the two groups in impaired limits domain and females obtained higher scores in this domain. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between introversion dimension of Myers-Briggs Personality Profiling and impaired limits domain. There were also significant negative correlations between judgment dimension and schemas of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, over vigilance and inhibition, and impaired limits domain. Sensation dimension and impaired limits schema showed significant positive correlation.
Findings of this research provide some evidence on correlation between maladaptive schemas and personality types.

Physical function, such as balance is disturbed with increasing age. Neurofeedback program has the ability to affect physical function through self-regulatory control of brain waves abnormalities. In this study, the effect of beta/theta neurofeedback training, was investigated on static and dynamic balance in the elderly in Ahvaz city.
The present study was a semi-experimental study and was practical in terms of purpose. Eighteen elderly individuals with the mean age of 65.3±3.1, were selected and equally divided into two groups of experimental and control. To evaluate static and dynamic balance of the participants, single leg stand test and time to get up and go, were used. The subjects of the experimental group participated in 12 sessions of neurofeedback trainings (including increase of beta power and decrease of theta power). The control group had the same conditions, but watched the recorded waves of trainings of the experimental group as training.
In this study, according to the t-test, neurofeedback training significantly improved static and dynamic balance performance as compared to the control group (p˂0.05).
The results of this study showed that neurofeedback trainings by enhancing or inhibiting brain wave activity in a specific area, lead to changes in individual performance and can be considered as an effective training methods to improve balance in the elderly.

Health promoting school project that is a health promotion system, is being conducted in some schools in Iran. The purpose of the present research was to compare the performance declared by primary school girl students in the context of individual health behavior in health promoting schools (HPS) and ordinary schools in 3rd district of Karaj.
This descriptive (causal-comparative) study, was performed on 378 elementary school girl students in Karaj 3rd district. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the efficacy of variables used in the study. Content validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 91% based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. The significance level was considered p In individual health behavior, there was a significant difference at 1% level in the health component of physical activity between HPS and ordinary schools (p In this study, the results of the students’ declared performance indicated no difference between HPS in most of the components of individual health behavior components in the studied schools; therefore, revision seems to be necessary for more effectiveness and success of the project.