Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2017

Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia are the most important macro-mineral metabolic disorders that affect transition dairy cows. Many studies have shown that cows with subclinical hypocalcemia are also prone to many diseases and disorders. The drain of Calcium (Ca) during early lactation represents a significant increase in Ca demand over that for late fetal growth and physiological maintenance. The requirements of the mammary gland for Ca often exceeds the ability of the cow to replenish the plasma Ca pools. Blood Ca concentrations remarkably decline in dairy cows around calving, with the lowest concentrations occurring about 12 to 24 hours after calving. To maintain Ca homeostasis after calving, at the start of lactation, Ca compensating mechanisms are activated.
These mechanisms involve a coordinated effort among the hormones 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin. Hypocalcemia is associated with an increased risk of several important health conditions such as mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, abomasum displacement and immune insufficiency, particularly in transition period. The incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia approaches 40-50% in multiparous cows after calving in dairy herds. In spite of developments in preventive approaches, tremendous economical impact of hypocalcemia on health, production and fertility of dairy cows is a major concern for dairy herd owners. The paramount advances in dairy health have been the paradigm shift from treatment of clinical illness to disease prevention and redefining disease more broadly, to include subclinical conditions. Herd-based tests are now available for use in routine herd monitoring and for investigating dairy herds with metabolic subclinical problems. This review provides the criteria for hypocalcemia monitoring and interpretation of the results in dairy herds.

The genus Paederus consists of approximately 621 species associated with outbreaks of dermatitis. Our aim was to determine gross and microscopic changes induced by Paederus fuscipes. Adult P. fuscipes beetles were collected from infested house and then sent to laboratory. In the first group beetles were placed on the shaved parts over the shoulders of each rat. In the second group smashed insect materials were rubbed over the ear of examined animals. Gross changes after 12 hr were noticed as erythematous papules and in 72 hr the red elevated area became bigger and swollen. Microscopic examination revealed edema and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils) after 12 hr, cell swelling and vacuolar degeneration in basal and squamous cells after 24 hr, but by 72 hr the epidermal cells were necrotic with intense accumulation of fluid and vesicles formation. Gross and microscopic changes were compared between rats exposed with squeezed beetle materials and rats exposed to live beetles. The typical gross changes were maculopapuls on the skin that histologically showed dermal edema and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils.

The purpose of the present survey was to determine the seroprevalence rate of FeLV in cats in Ahvaz district, South-West of Iran, as well as, risk factors such as age, gender, breed, life style and clinical findings were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 60 companion and 124 stray cats and antibody titers were measured against FeLV with ELISA kits. The seroprevalence was obtained 79.89% (95% CI: 74.1-85.68 percent). Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between age groups and infection (p 0.05). In conclusion, the seroprevalence was very high in cat’s population of Ahvaz district and there was a significant difference between clinical findings and serological results.

Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious major mastitis pathogen with multiple clinical presentations in dairy cows. This kind of mastitis does not respond to available antibiotics and actually there is no effective therapy for this infection, thus the best way of prevention and control is to diagnose and cull the affected cows in the herd. The objective of this study was to detect Mycoplasma bovis in bulk tank milk samples by nested PCR in Mashhad, Iran. One hundred and four fresh bulk tank milk samples from 52 dairy herds were collected four weeks apart. Mycoplasma bovis was not detected from any of them by either direct PCR on milk or after enrichment in modified Hayflick’s broth. Two other mycoplasma species were detected after enrichment and one other mycoplasma species without enrichment by mycoplasma spp. primer. Sequencing of the PCR products from two positive samples confirmed the presence of mycoplasma that were Mycoplasma canadense and Mycoplasma yeatsii.

In this research immune response characteristics of two available heterologous vaccines including Gorgan goat pox virus (GPV) and Romanian sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccines against lumpy skin disease have been examined, by using the monitoring of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated calves in the field. The evaluation of humoral immune response showed that the neutralizing antibody titers in both vaccinated groups started at day 7 post-vaccination, then reached to the protective level at day 21 post-vaccination and persisted till 35 day post-vaccination. The neutralizing antibody titers in GPV-vaccinated calves (GVC) the ratio was higher than SPV-vaccinated calves (RVC), and on days 21 and 35 post-vaccination were significantly different (p

Avian adenoviruses (AAV) are known as a very diverse group of pathogens causing a variety of clinical symptoms or being totally asymptomatic in poultry flocks. The aim of this study was the molecular detection of avian adenoviruses in broiler flocks suspected of the IBH and respiratory syndrome in the southwest of Iran. For this intent, the liver and lung samples with macroscopic lesions were collected from 30 different poultry flocks (poultry of slaughterhouse and flock mortalities). Subsequently, DNA was extracted from samples and examined using PCR. The L1 (Loop1) region of the hexon gene was amplified. PCR products were sequenced to reveal the identity of the avian adenoviruses. The data resulted from the nucleo tide sequencing were analyzed using programs and services provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The results showed that the pools of liver samples from a 25 days old flock were positive in the PCR test. Based on the sequence data, adenoviruses belonged to the D genotype of avian adenoviruses. In phylogenetic analysis, FADV isolates were closely related to the FADV-11 isolates of Iran, China, Canada and Australia with nucleotide homology up to 99%. This is the first study on molecular detection and analyzing the nucleotide sequence of hexon gene fragment of FADV in broiler farms in Southwest Iran.

A 63-day experiment was carried out under controlled conditions to compare the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) at four levels (5, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg) on growth performance, nutritional efficiency indices, haemato-immunological parameters, stress resistance, digestive enzymes and cultivable autochthonous intestinal microbiota of juvenile (68.52 ± 1.52 g) Khaju fish Schizothorax zarudnyi. Fish fed the diet containing 20 g/ kg FOS had significantly (p

Evaluation of meat color by a computer vision system (CVS) is a promising implement to dominate the difficulties when the meat is directly evaluated. In this study, 60 Longissimus dorsi from different carcasses of sheep were provided and cut into samples in 5 mm thickness. Immediately under standard shooting conditions, photographing was carried out by CVS. At the same time, the color of meat was measured with Hunterlab colorimeter. The first photo was taken on samples on a freshly cut surface just arrived at the laboratory and the others on 3rd, 5th,7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th days after slaughtering. Then, seven trained sensory panels were asked to evaluate the color of the photos that were taken during 13 days and graded them in order of preference. In general sensory panel preferred samples with high lightness, a relatively high redness, and yellowness until 7 days after slaughtering.

A non–enterotoxin (CPE)–producing Clostridium perfringens type A, associated with enteritis in a mynah (Acridotheres tristis), a grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and a turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was characterized from cases with clinical symptoms from September 2010 until October 2012. Affected birds exhibited anorexia and diarrhea. Gross and histological findings were indicative of acute necrotic enteritis. Clostridium perfringens was isolated in bacterial cultures. Multiplex PCR for toxin profiling of the isolates revealed that the all three isolates were Clostridium perfringens type A, positive for cpb2 and cpa.

A 5-year-old Holstein cow was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Hospital, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, with abnormal estrous cycle. At rectal palpation, the unilateral ovary enlargement was detected. On transrectal ultrasonography view, the left ovary had uniformly hyperechogenic areas. The affected ovary was removed by ovariectomy and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed fibroblastic cells producing collagen fibers and theca cells containing lipids. Based on histopathological features, diagnosis of fibrothecoma was confirmed. This case reports an extremely rare fibrothecoma in cow.