نشریه روانشناسی شناختی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 13، پاییز 1396)

In working memory (WM) tasks, performance can be boosted by directing attention to one memory object: When a retro-cue in the retention interval indicates which object will be tested, responding is faster and more accurate (theretro-cue benefit). This study tests explanations of the retro-cue benefits in 2 experiment desined by superlab software: Experiment 1, the effect of valid and invalid retro-cues compared with no-cues were tested before the memory test. Experiment 2, We tested whether the retro-cue benefit in WM depends on sustained attention to the cued object by inserting an attention-demanding interruption task between the retro-cue and the memory test. In this quasi-experimental study, with a series of repeated measurements, 30 individual (15 for each test) from graduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were selected by convenience sampling and were tested. Data analysis of variance with repeated measurements and t-test for paired samples were also analyzed. The result showed that valid retro-cue compared to the no-cue was better. Also, it was shown when visual interference was held constant, retro-cue benefits were still obtained whenever the retro-cue enabled retrieval of an object from VWM but delayed response selection. The results showed that retro-cue improved visual working memory performance.

The purpose of study was to determine the brain waves of subjects with impulsivity trait in performing cognitive task. 140 female students who completed the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, after control of the inclusion criteria, two groups of 20 people, including high impulsive (Imp) and low impulsive (Imp-) were selected. The subjects in two status: (a) resting (without doing the task); and (b) performing a cognitive task (Wisconsin test), taking EEG. The Results showed, when performing a cognitive task, activity of the prefrontal, frontal, and temporal areas of both hemispheres increased significantly in Imp. Alpha and Theta wave showed that during cognitive task, the activity of all regions of both hemispheres in Imp was greater than Imp-. About Beta wave, the results indicated that the left prefrontal, temporal and the right frontal was more activated in Imp than the other group. The results emphasize to consider personality traits when examining the brain regional activity, as well as investigate of the functional impulsivity and its differentiation with dysfunctional impulsivity .

The present study attemps to investigate overgeneral autobiographical memory and relationship with problem- solving deficits in depressive and anxious individuals. For this reason, 15 depressive, 15 anxious and 15 normal individuals were chosen from the students of estahban payam noor university, that were the clients of the counceling clinic. In this study, after completing the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Autobiographical Memory Test And Means- ends Problem- solving task was used. To compare the overgeneral and problem- solving in 3 group of depressive, anxious and normal individual, data were analyzed with Analysis of Varience(ANOVA) And the Tukeys test was used to compare the pair groups. The results revealed that overgeneral in autobiographical memory depressive individuals is more than anxious and normal ones. Depressive individual are more inefficient problem solving solution to distressed and healthy people.So, according to Williams models depressed people because negative mood and bias in processing information not only in retrieving autobiographical memories are exclusively trouble but this was a problem retrieving, problem solving and also affect their problems and makes solutions less effective to produse.

mind wandering is a pervasive and common phenomenon of human cognition that its role in performance of any field related to mind is undeniable. This study plans to investigate The causal relationship of mindfulness and mind wandering with mediating strategical engagement regulation, anxiety, depression and working memory. To this, 434 female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz were selected by multistage random sampling method and They got Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Strategic Engagement Regulation Scale, Stress Anxiety Depression Scale, Stress Anxiety Depression Scale, The Working Memory Questionnaire and The Mind Wandering: Deliberate and Mind Wandering: Spontaneous Scale. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS (version 21) and using structural equations modelling method. In order to earn the suitable model fitness indices, the item parceling method was used about mindfulness variable. Finally, on the base of values of some indices (for example, RMSEA = 0/06 and GFI = 0/98), model had a good fit. Also, all paths of the model except two paths: anxiety to working memory and anxiety to mind wandering were significant. In sum, this research results showed that mindfulness plays important role in mind wandering anticipation that transfers this effect through mechanisms as self-regulation, mood and working memory.

The aim of the present study was to investigate of the efficacy of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function in patients with bipolar depression. In a single-blind experimental trial, 20 patients with bipolar depression who had been referred to Atieh clinical neuroscience center were selected randomly from April to September 2015. The patients received bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (10Hz) and right dorsolateral prefrontal (1Hz) during 10 sessions. The subjects were evaluated through verbal fluency test, Rey Auditory-Verbal learning Test, Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card sorting Test, Beck depression inventory before and after the treatment. The data were analyzed by paired t test. Bilateral rTMS was caused to significant changes in executive function and verbal memory and depressive symptoms. No significant changes were observed in selective attention and verbal fluency (p>0/05). Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is caused to significant improvement in cognitive symptoms and reduces the symptoms of depression in patients with bipolar depression.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effective of the Pennsylvania resilience program training on cognitive appraisal and achievement behaviors among university students.
In this pretest-posttest nonequivalent-group design, 51 undergraduate students at Kharazmi University in experimental and control groups responded to the Cognitive appraisal scale (CAS, Lazarus, and Folkman, 1984) and the motivation strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ, Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991). The experimental group received 6 resilience training sessions (2 hours a session).
The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that the resilience program training was effective in increasing cognitive appraisal and achievement behaviors in short term.
These findings suggest that resilience program training improve the achievement behaviors of university by letting them: 1) find their personal power (personal feeling, attitudes and beliefs), 2) find and make full use of their external resources (development of security and feeling of protection), 3) master their interpersonal skills and problem solving ability (such as persistence, humor and communication).

the present study aimed to the comparison of the intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and short-term memory capacity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal individuals. a total of 30 patients (16 female, 14 male) with obsessive-compulsive were selected using convenience sampling from the psychiatric clinics and centers of Tabriz were matched with 30 patients (16 females and 14 males) of normal individuals by demographic information, and all of them were assessed through Baher & Dougas’s intolerance of uncertainty scale and the Wechsler Digit span test subscales .Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and as well as SPSS version 19. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of IU (P