نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال شانزدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 65، آذر و دی 1396)

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disability in industrialized and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and to conduct posture assessment among workers of Yazd Electrode Company.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 59 production line workers of Yazd Electrode Company in 2014. The prevalence rate of MSDs was assessed by Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). The worker's posture status was also assessed through quick exposure check (QEC). Data were then analyzed by SPSS 22.
According to NMQ results, 86.4 % of participants experienced MSDs at least in one of their nine body regions during the last year. The highest prevalence rates of MSDs were observed in lower back (74.6%), neck (71.2%), and shoulder (59.3%), respectively. The results of body posture assessment through QEC method also indicated that in 59.3% of cases, the risk level of disorders is very high.
The results of this study showed that the prevalence rate of MSDs among workers was high. The main ergonomic problems included having awkward posture, lifting and manual handling of loads, as well as bending and twisting of lower back. Moreover, the findings further indicated that the QEC method can provide reliable results to determine the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Health is also particularly important in flights. The current study aimed to investigate the determinants of health behaviors among travelers of Shiraz Shahid Dastghaib International Airport based on Health Belief Model.
In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 349 air passengers were investigated at Shiraz International Airport using non-probability method. A researcher-made structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Validity and reliability of this questionnaire were at optimal level. Data were later analyzed by SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests were performed including descriptive statistics, spearman correlation coefficient, and linear regression.
The mean and standard deviation of health behavior total scores was 8.20±5.65. Among the constructs, the highest and the lowest scores were related to perceived benefits and cues to action, respectively. Health behavior had a significant relation with perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action (p Health behaviors among air travelers were in undesirable condition. Thus, intervention programs are recommended to improve these behaviors. Since in recent study, the perceived benefits had the most explanatory power, health professionals should use the changing behavior strategy in interventions.

occupational accidents significantly affect worker's health and it costs a lot of money to employers. One of the most important ways to prevent occupational accidents is to strengthen safety behaviors among workers. Behavioral intention is one of the main behavioral determinants. The present study aims to investigate safety behaviors in Tabas coal miners based on patterns of healthy behavior model.
This descriptive study was conducted on 200 Tabas coal miners who were selected by random sampling in 2015. A healthy behavior pattern questionnaire was used to collect data in which healthy behavior patterns were investigated in coal miners to adopt safe behaviors and to predict behavioral intention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and linear regression test in SPSS16 software.
Findings: The mean age and work experience of workers were 30.22 ± 4.68 and 5.20 ± 3.96, respectively. The mean of Self Efficacy score was 27.38 ± 4.37 and the mean score of behavior was 8.52 ± 0.88. Workers were in a relatively safe behavior. The factors of "attitude system", "belief system" and "normative system" explained 37% of safe behavior intention among workers (P The results of the study supported the pattern of healthy behavior as an effective model for explaining behavioral intention. This pattern can be used as a framework for designing beneficial safety interventions.

Lifestyle is the pursuit of activities such as proper diet, sleep, exercise, weight control, non-smoking, and immunization to maintain and promote health and prevent diseases.. This study was conducted to determine nomadslifestyle status of Marvdasht city.
This cross-sectional study on 330 people from nomads of Marvdasht city was conducted by random sampling. Standardized life style questionnaire with 70 questions was used in the study. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA test.
Among all respondents of the study,54/2% were men and 45/8% were women. 51/8% of respondents strongly agreed which keep their body healthy In terms of lifestyle, There was a significant relationship between weight and nutrition control with age (p=0/040).. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between sport and health with sex (p = 0.04) and age (p = 0.008).
Sport and health dimensions have the lowest average. Dimensions of Weight and nutrition control, psychological health and drug avoidance have the lower average than other dimensions respectively. Therefore, nomadic life improvement,, especially in terms of physical activity, requires more attention.

Family atmosphere Perceptions and progress goals affect academic performance. This study aimed to predict academic performance through family atmosphere perceptions with mediation of progress goals at Yazd Farhangian University.
This study was a correlation research using a "causal model". The population included 1064 students of Yazd Farhangian University in academic year 95-96, and 405 students were selected based on Morgan table and stratified random sampling method; based on gender and semester. Measurement tools were parent's perceptions questionnaire (Grolnick, et al, 1997), and questionnaire of progress goals (Midgley, 1998) included 18 items and five levels. Furthermore, the previous semester average, was considered as the academic performance Index. Data from questionnaires have been investigated in two parts: descriptive and inferential by the software of SPSS and AMOS and using statistical tests and structural equation modeling approach.
Independent variables of family atmosphere perceptions and progress goals explained 23% of the variance of academic performance. The Indirect effect of family atmosphere perceptions was statistically significant (p Since both family atmosphere perceptions and progress goals, have a significant effect on academic performance; therefore parenting style and the role of parents toward their children to improve their performance is very crucial which requires parents to pay more attention.

The aim of this study was to impute missing data and to compare the effect of different doses of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance during pregnancy.
A clinical trial study was done on 104 women with diabetes and gestational age less than 12 weeks between 1391 and 1393. These subjects were randomly divided into three groups; pregnant women who received daily 200 IU vitamin D (group A), women where receiving monthly 50,000 IU vitamin D (Group B) and Group C are women who received 50,000 IU vitamins D every two weeks. In order to investigate the effect of missing data, the data were studied in two ways, with and without considering missing data. To analyze data in the presence of missing observations, the mechanism of MCAR is considered as the missing mechanism. Then, in order to impute the missing data, four methods including mean imputation, random overall hot-deck imputation, within-class random hot-deck imputation and nearest neighbor imputation was used.
In this study, in random overall hot-deck imputation, the difference between blood sugar and insulin resistance variables are not normal, so median and their interquartile range were reported in the table. Furthermore, kruskal-wallis test was used to compare 3 groups variables. The difference insulin resistance variable was not normal in the nearest neighbor imputation method, so the median and interquartile range was reported in the table. In addition, the kruskal-wallis test was used to compare 3 groups of data. The delta index was calculated for all imputation methods.
In this study, delta index was calculated to evaluate and to compare imputation methods. The random overall hot-deck imputation was described as the best imputation method.

Balance is one of the most important factors regarding physical fitness and is also considered a basic element in controlling the posture and in carrying out sports skills. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the eight weeks of jumping training on balance and core stability of female.
Static and dynamic balance and core stability of 40 healthy women of Yazd city were measured by stork, get up and go and Plank test and participants were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Also after eight weeks jumping training were assessed. Also, in order to analysis of data and compared between groups t-independent test was used.
The results of this study showed that jumping training program in duration eight weeks had significant effect on static, dynamic balance and core muscles stability (p=0/001).
According to the results of this study, jumping training can be cause improvement of static, dynamic balance and core stability of women. As well as this training can be used for reducing of complications due to immobility.

Rabies is one of the most important zoonotic viral diseases that transfers to human beings through animal bites. It is untreatable by the start ofdisease and leads to death. More than 55000 people die annually of rabies who are mostly from Asia and Africa. Legislative actions do not seem to be effective in reducing the incidence of bites. Public education, on the other hand, is the key to reduce animal bites. Knowing about the appropriate health behavior change models is important for effective education. One of the models of behavior change in health education is the health belief model that focuses on changing the beliefs, which ultimately leads to behavior change. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on preventive behaviors of rabies in Ghods city in 2013.
This interventional quasi- experimental study was conducted among 120 people from Ghods city selected randomly. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire completed throughself-reporting. The questionnaire's content validity was approved by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze data SPSS 20 software was applied. Paired and independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and non-parametric tests were also carried out.
The findings showed that the difference between mean scores of knowledge, all HBM subscale s, and preventive behaviors was significantly different before and after the educational program. This shows the effect of educational program. There was a significant difference between participant's mean scores of perceived benefits and perceived barriers based on gender. Furthermore, there was also a significant difference between participant's mean scores of perceived severity and preventive behaviors in term of level of education.
Findings indicated that participants do not have enough knowledge about rabies to prevent themselves. So, educational programs are needed to increase public knowledge in this area. More studies should also be conducted about rabies based on other health behaviors change models.

Health and insurance organizations have to deal with problems and fix them in the shortest time in order to survive and overcome market competitions and be able to develop and progress. In this regard, the best way to achieve this end in the organization is to identify the interests, needs, demands and knowledge about opinions, suggestions and critiques of organization staffs and people (customers).
The present study is a descriptive-applied research that was conducted by random sampling in 4 public hospitals in Yazd in 1395 with a sample size of 300 people (based on Morgan table). Data collection was done through a customer loyalty questionnaire based on Randall Syl model.
The results of this study showed that there is a direct and significant correlation between the satisfaction rate and the level of loyalty of the insured persons, between the satisfaction and attitude of the insured persons from the implementation of the health system reform plan, between the degree of satisfaction and the level of complaint behavior of the insured persons, between the degree of satisfaction and the willingness of the insured persons, between satisfaction rate and resistance to competitive bidding and satisfaction and positional loyalty. ((r=0/249, P according to the increasing number of insurance companies, customer retention is the most important issue for companies. Based on the customer behavior, it has been proven that customer satisfaction will gradually create a sense of loyalty and trust in the organization in the customer. A loyal customer, in addition to re-purchasing products or services, as an additional factor in advertising the products and services of an organization, by giving advice and ordering to others, plays an important role in raising the profitability and improving the image of the organization in minds of potential customers.