نشریه دانش های بومی ایران
پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

work is the base of value and culture. every society have a logical base of work and knowledge that suitable for their environment. in 1941 one smith er left his hand during the process of working. on explosion due and he left his hand. he make up an artificial hand in 1942. this hand made of 13 pieces of iron and 4 pice of leather and one spring. the goal of this study is assessment the structure and function of this hand. data gathering by interview with family .data show that mohammad amanaty left his hand and make the artificial hand for self. this work very good and he continue his work for 18 years.today this artificial hand remainder in his family. at the same time he made very iron instrumental that work very well. this the first artificial hand that made in the west of country.

Indigenous knowledge, as an important part of the culture of all regions, includes the conditions in which humans adapt with the ecosystem. Generally, it is ethnographic responsibility to record and gather this knowledge. One of the effective ways in ethnographic researches is recording indigenous knowledge in the field of cooking by the use of different plants in their habitat being completely involved in socio-cultural issues. Accordingly, it is the subject of ethnography and anthropology as well. The first step of this study, done in Dilegan rangeland in kohgiloye and Boirahmad province, was identifying plants that all or parts of their organs were used as a main course or flavors. The plants consisted of different vegetative forms of trees, forbs and shrubs, like fruits, leaves, pedicel and bulbs. After that, free interviewing and participatory observations were applied in order to gather the name and also the way of cooking local food prepared by nomads. Finally, 21 edible plants were identified and 24 ways of cooking plants were written and recorded. Results show that one of the magnificent aspects of nomadic life is using various plants in the preparation of traditional dishes having been passed down from generation to generation by their mothers. Providing the food in the tribal families is in such a way in most of which plants are used as a main course or flavors.

The aim of this article is not only to describe the material, technological and structural characteristics of sangesari tent but also to analyze its different spaces ecoculturally at the basis of an qualitative-field study in ethnographic approach that is directed on nine sangesari nomadic pastoral clans who are still living in traditional manner. Our fields were camping period postures of the clans and beyond available documents the data were gathered via some ethnographic techniques such as fields three month attendance, simple direct observation, participatory observation and individual, group, open and semi structural interviews. Althought multioriented theoretically, this study concentrates mainly on environment and techniques as the most contributive factors in shaping cultures. thematically The findings include a fine description of material structure of tent, traditional techniques for construing the woolen cover of tent and ethnographical analysis of inner and surrounding different spaces of tent in relation to physical and cultural environments. Adding analytical cultural accounts to descriptional ones is an advantage of this study over the previous pure desciptional studies by other invistigators. The most important result of this study is that the technologies related to structing, settling and space dividing in inside and outsidesangesari tent are in a meaningful relationship to ecological characteristics and also to other cultural elements such as power, subsistency, family, labour division and kinship.

Anthropology is a discipline that its aim is to understand human and its place in the natural order of things. On the one hand, Anthropology examines affairs that are simple and normal and on the other hand, it examines ambiguous Affairs. According to this, current article is in nutritional anthropology by an ethnographic approach and inspired by the vision of cultural ecology and it examines patterns and ways of nutritional consumption of Koma and cultural belief relate to it in a region in south of Sabzevar. Results of this examination indicate that there is a considerable importance for this pasturage plant in context of animal husbandry communities of the studied region. Due to the importance and function of the plant in the life cycle of region, a certain cultural formations and image of this plant is formed in the studied society. The cultural image has been tried to protect this plant with unholy construction mechanism. In fact, because of the importance of the Koma in the environmental and economic level of the animal husbandry context of the region, from cultural level, a kind of cultural interaction and a kind of preservation culture is created. This kind of protection culture would affect the thought and action of regional actors in the field and their relation with the plant.

Achieving sustainable development and economic growth of the major goals of all the countries one of the main ways to achieve sustainable development in tribal communities sufficient attention to Indigenous knowledge nomads, especially women. On the basis of this study was to introduce the participant to describe and explain the role of indigenous knowledge in sustainable development should be Soleimani tribal women. The geographic scope of this research area is Kerman province. The qualitative research method, this method also conducted in-depth interviews and data collection, key questions have been raised about the knowledge of indigenous tribal women. The concluding remarks of the respondents indicate that tribal women Soleimani has an impressive knowledge in relation to the veterinary and animal diseases treatment, processed milk and milk products and handicrafts such as carpets, tent, mat mill Horberry, Mfrshv, Jajim and rugs are inspired by it can be taken in line with the sustainable development of grassland. In tribal societies, the continuous production of a direct relationship between producer and consumer and tribal women and girls as an essential pillar of the social structure and production units are considered nomadic and can achieve sustainable development in the range.