پژوهش نامه انتقادی متون و برنامه های علوم انسانی
پیاپی 51 (بهمن 1396)

Because of its importance and effectiveness, US Strategy in the Middle East has attracted regional and international actor’s attention. Challenges stemming from US regional priorities along with differences within the US political spectrum have promoted a variety of literature. A good part of that literature has dealt with US Middle East policy critically. Among those critical sources comes Perilous Power: The Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy. Scientific literature critical to US Middle East policy is more common in this region itself. However, books like Perilous Power, written based on aggregating regional and western views, in addition to explaining new dimensions of the subject, provide a comparative outlook, hence have a comparative value as well. Perilous Power is a serious effort to bring up a comprehensive critical discussion on the US Middle East policy. In this article, I sought to assess and review Perilous Power both in terms of its form and content, matching its main discussion with those present in the region.

Development as a specific concept for scientist and politicians and also for publics have some validity so any resistance againt that‚ need to agreat bravery. In spite ,at this validity and important‚ the development paradigm envisage with many critics and challenges‚ so the buzzword at today is impasse in this paradigm. This article propose some methodogical impasses in development paradigm and present that the post-developmentalism go beyond this impasses through new perspectives. The key point at this article in discussion at post-developmentalism is displace the task of development from state and elites to society and people

"Hegemony: a new form of global power" written by John Agnew and published in "Temple University" 2005. The importance of this book is to design a new theory on the issue of hegemony. After this, three theories exist on the issue of hegemony. Whatever made it different than other books, deconstruct concepts and a critical approach in the context of a new theory. This book has been theorized and processing fourth theory. The Foundation of Agnew’s theory versus the three previous, emphasizing the society Oriented of hegemony and the process of its formation.
But Agnew’s Pluralistic viewpoint to central issue of international political economy, that is Bring up by Realists as well, not free from criticism.Agnew so attacks government that the audience thinks government does not have any role in economy outside the scope of the community and the social forces. Based on this, how we can accept that hegemony establishment by the most powerful government in the second half of the twentieth century (USA) has been non-governmental process, no answer at the end of the book does not get.

The purpose of this book is to find the answer to the failure of the modernization project in the Middle East. He does this by tracing the fundamental contradictions of the culture of the region. Louay Safi after reviewing the formation of the mentality of development in ideas of Descartes and Kant, then he discussed the comparison of two theoretical models of Marxian and Weberian development. He through giving priority to structures of knowledge and culture, clarifies his position on this matter. The author analyzes the notion of intellectuals in the Muslim world since the beginning of facing with two layers of the Western modern civilization, the colonial and technological progress. He tries to analyze Arab and Muslim scholar's exposure to the problem of tradition-modernity through showing how they deal with of Islamic and Arabic heritage. Safi, finally, believes that a local development will be achieved by meant of an active and critical return to the Arab Islamic heritage; and the path of development leads not only to the West. Although the author claims that he goes beyond the Western models, but in the end, he just presents an overall view, namely the need to refer to the heritage development. Therefore, this work can only be considered as an entry in necessity of the local development. Furthermore, it also can be seen methodological confusion and discord in the book.

this research has been wrote the review and critic of John Mearsheimers book The Tragedy of Great Power Politics in two formative and essential level. In level of formative critic in perspective of publish, design pages and misprint is in suitable situation and in essential level the book has wrote in positive method with accept of presupposes of realism. Blink economic and culture elements that constructing international relations and disregard other non states actors and international interactions are others essential disvalue of the book. There are ethical and believe critics Islamic approach in essential level to offensive realism. Uphold of Iranian scholars and promote scientific condition of making theory in two scientific and finance dimensions are suggests solution for take place suite condition to Islamic and indigene making theory.

We briefly reviewed and criticized the book of “Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics”ofthe David Beethamin this paper, according to the principle criticism, particularly in realm of politics on the one hand, and the importance of this workon the other hand.
This work produces the most comperhensive about political theory Max Weber with analytical method and historical Perspective. It studies review of the central concern Weber toProspects for liberal parliament in authoritarian societies in the era of mass politics and bureaucratic organizations briefly, and shows how this concern has lead him toreviewintheory of democracy.
Special feature of this book is full dominance of writer about widespread German works in political thought of Weber.This book is authoritative guide about political philosophy of Max Weber and although it has rather a logical structure but it is rather understandable andit is away from complexity, grandiloquence,literarygravity and ambiguity, and moderation approach governs it. Whileneeds to review and criticism like any other scientific work. So,weve reviewedthis book, based on rational and methodical criteria, in this article andweve tried to express as far as possibleits advantages and disadvantages without prejudice and ignorant.

In this article we have dealt with a critique and on the relationship between terror and contemplation based on the Eagleton, Derrida, Chamsky' viewpoints in the book" terror and contemplation". Since the present book is pivoted around different and sometimes opposite viewpoints about a controversial idea in political science( terror and contemplation), the reader is introduced with a theoretical challenge about a single phenomenon ( such as September 11th event); therefore, a complicated mentality is provided for readers to reflect more on the twisted societal phenomena. In a general criticism, all of the above_mentioned viewpoints about a historiograghy of a terrorist event ( each one from a specific perspective) have their own defects, and this has been acting as a block against making a comparison between terror and contemplation and consequently, having an understanding of a phenomenon with different dimensions that in the critiques that has been made we have tried to deal with them.

This study is intended to have a critical view on “the History of Political Thought in Islam”. This book is a reference for the students and researchers of history and political sciences. The writher has explained formal, theoretical, and scientific content of the book. Then, he has tried to evaluate its features to assess its specific appropriateness to be studied and taught as a textbook for Islamic political thought. The results indicated that the book contains several advantageous properties; however, there are some formal, theoretical, and scientific shortcomings, which must be covered in next editions in order to change it into an appropriate and adequate source for students and researchers.

Two schools of thought now exist in security studies: traditionalists want to restrict the subject to politico-military issues; while wideners want to extend it to the economic, societal and environmental sectors. This book sets out a comprehensive statement of the new security studies, establishing the case for the broader agenda. The authors argue that security is a particular type of politics applicable to a wide range of issues. Answering the traditionalists charge that this model makes the subject incoherent, they offer a constructivist operational method for distinguishing the process of securitization from that of politicization. Their approach incorporates the traditionalist agenda and dissolves the artificial boundary between security studies and international political economy, opening the way for a fruitful interplay between the two fields. It also shows how the theory of regional security complexes remains relevant in today's world.

The political modernity is a book about the secularism and secular values. The author believes that current problems of society have roots in indiffrentiation between public and private sphere state and civil society and individual and citizen. This book is based on liberal and secular ideals and justifies the issues of secularism. However, MauriceBarbierassumes the west experience the ultimate experience of noble nations and suggests that surrendering such separations is destiny of all societies. He advises tothe countriesdeprived of political modernity not to have ambitious leaps and try to use from treasure of their ancestors’ accumulated experiences and move forward gradually. Considering their model as a perfect one, western countries made some problems for other communities. For instance, if Islamic societies prefer Islam rules as a model for their problem solving and future perspective then secularism will not turn toa problem requiring to be dealt. Rethinking and investigating weakness and strengths of content and structures of this book, it was revealed that the author of book turns from sophisticated problem solving to problem making and unjustifiable advices

Designing Social Research: The Logic of Anticipation especially focuses on quantitive social research design. The book's objective is the introduction of main elements in conducting research in social sciences. Also, it provides an appropriate review on issues that students, professors and researchers of social science face in designing their research or thesis. Using technical terms of research methodology, unambiguous diction and comprehensive elaboration all prove the efficiency of the author in writing such a scientific work. Most of the book has the sufficient literature review and its evolution. The author, Norman Blaikie starts his introduction with preliminaries of research and its details. Introducing The Logic of Anticipation, pointing out the role of theory in social science research, providing critical understanding of research principles are among main objectives of this book. Finally, book presents four topics related to social research as examples for research in four paradigms (inductive, deductive, reproductive and abductive).

Robert Dahl is one of Important Scholars in American tradition of political science. His influential book “Modern Political Analysis” is an important book in the sixties decade in USA which its first edition was published in 1963 and now we have the new edition of that in collaboration with Bruce Stinebrickner. I attempt to clarify in present Article that how Robert Dahl and Stinebrickner explain the Scientific Approach of Political Science. The book belongs to Power-Oriented Approach of Political Science on the one side, and relates to new conception of the concept of “Influence” on the other side. They claim that we can analyze Political Phenomenon with Scientific Method in Political Science. This Article has criticized this approach of book.

For Crozier, the functioning of state as a miraculous man-made set reveals in a realm of power relations, influence and interchanges. When he turns towards state especially the one under whose sovereignty he lives-the French state- begins to talk of the old ways of ruling generate inevitable tensions in social relations. It is here that crozier’s position emerges as a reformist recommending his revolutionary modest state; A state at its citizens service and not ruling them. But is The Leviathan ready to perceive such a role? This is the question we are trying to answer in our article.

Increasing the enthusiastic attempts to trace the Middle East events and evolutions, on the one hand and establishing the Middle East Studies courses (both in research and teaching) on the other hand, caused the need for research and teaching sources in this field. The printing of Politics and Government in Middle East by significant university press is very important; a book which is going to have educational method and offer the data and analyses on political issues to the students of political sciences, esp. the bachelors. However, reviewing the form and the content of this book shows that despite the publishers’ finesse to offer a scientific and comprehensive work, it has some lacks and inaccuracy, so that introducing it as an academic source may be hesitated. Accordingly, this paper offers some positive and negative of the book, and at the end, it proposes recommendation to the authors and publishers to issue a new edition of the book. The major dilemma of the book seems to be its lack of the proficiency guideline and ideas of the scholars of Middle East Studies, in one side and guideline and ideas of the of education, in other side.

What is the relationship between literature and revolution? Do literature help revolution or is it the other way around and revolution determines the literature? It seems there have been three stages in development of relationship between these two. In the first stage which is before the time that revolution stabilizes itself, the literature definitely assists the revolution and spreads the revolutionary slogans. When it comes to second stage, during the consolidation of the revolution, the revolutionaries denies independent literature. And finally, in third stage literature tries to departure to hidden transcript of society against the obstacle of political hegemony and split form revolution and its slogans. The “regulation and literature” book, which is a trilogy by Jürgen Ruhle, has explained this paradoxical relationship. This trilogy is a critical study of the literature and communism in the twentieth century. In the first book ruhle has described the sodality and opposition between the Russian authors and October Revolution. In second book he emphasizes on German literature especially Marxist works during 1917 to 1960 and in the third book focuses on the Marxist works in Latin America. In current paper, we try to explain the contradictory relationship between literature and revolution with emphasis on this trilogy. We especially focus on “revolution and literature: Russian writers” book and use new approaches such as Bakhtian formalism, new literary criticism and trans-historical theory.