مجله تولیدات دامی
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1396)

In order to estimate the genetic parameters for days from calving to first service (DFS) in Iranian Holstein cattle by using repeatability, multiple-trait (MT) and random regression (RR) models, 159,482 records of parities 1 to 6 collected during 1981 to 2013 and distributed over 33 large Holstein herds were used. Bayesian information criterion of MT model was lower than other models and Bayesian factor of MT model was significant compared to other models (P

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of immune system in Arian, Native, Arian × native crosses, native × Arian crosses and Ross chickens. Through artificial insemination, a total number of 298 birds produced and reared with 100 Ross strain chickens. Thereafter, 15 to 20 percent of chickens were randomly chosen for immune system performance and some of blood parameters comparison. The studied traits were humoral, cell-mediated and innate immunity responses, plasma protein concentrations and relative weight of lymph organs. Data were analyzed using GLM procedure and means were compared using Tukey method. The highest titer of total antibody was in Arian strain and the lowest was in Ross strain. There was no significant difference between sexes and strains for cell-mediated immunity. Responses in crossbred chickens for humoral and cell-mediated immunity were not significantly different from Ross strain. No significant difference was observed for hematocrit percent between crossbred chickens and commercial strains. In crossbred chickens, the percentage of plasma albumin was significantly higher than the other strains (P

This study was performed to compare different models for estimation of direct and maternal heritability and also for obtaining of genetic trend for body weight traits in Kurdi sheep of North Khorasan. The records of body weight in birth (BW, 7345 records), 3-month (3W, 5905 records), 6-month (6W ,5294 records), 9-month (9W, 3800 records) and 12-month (12W, 3863 records) weight that collected during 1990 to 2013 by Sheep Breeding Station of Shirvan were used. Estimation of genetic parameters for different traits by using of six animal models was carried out by ThrGibbsf90 software. The most suitable model for each trait was determined based on Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). The estimates of direct heritability for BW, 3W, 6W, 9W and 12W traits were 0.172± 0.0007, .0.257± 0.0007, 0.351± 0.0006, 0.120± 0.0007 and 0.131± 0.0009, respectively. In this study, the material genetic effect was significant for BW, 3W and 6W traits (P

R software. The best model was selected by some statics such as Mean square error (MSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The results showed that Narushin Takma 2 (minimum MSE, AIC and BIC) and Compartmental I Functions (maximum MSE, AIC and BIC) were the best and worst function to describe the egg production, respectively. The highest correlation (0.953) between predicted and actual values for the number of egg were obtained by Narushin -Takma 2 model. The results of the model comparisons and correlations indicate that Narushin - Takma 2 function describes Short- term egg production in quail better than other functions studied in this research and this function could be considered in a short- term prediction of the reproductive potential Japanese quail in breeding goals

In this study production, reproduction, management and economic parameters obtained from 7 flocks with 600 head of native sheep were used during annual cycle of production in village systems. The economic values of traits were estimated using maximizing profit, revenue per cost and minimizing cost method. The results showed that the average profit per sheep per year, revenue per cost ratio and cost per revenue ratio for this system were 3,211,391Rials, 1.40 and 0.713, respectively. Feeding and husbandry costs represented about 64% and 20% of total cost, respectively. In maximizing profit method, average economic values (relative) of traits were 7,550.139 (1.102) Rials for survival rate, 7,630.49 (1.1143) Rials for conception rate, 7,172.632 (1.0475) Rials for lambing frequency, 6,520.575 (0.95228) Rials for lambing rate, 7,969 (0.9164) Rials for lamb survival rate to weaning, 8,150.719 (1.1903) Rials for kid survival rate to yearling, 6,847.3565 (1.00) Rials for lamb live weight at sale, -2610 (-1.93) Rials for body weight of sheep. In revenue per cost method the average economic values of aforementioned traits in all systems were 0.677, 0,683, 0.646, 0.592, 0.711, 0.726, 0.566, -0.293 respectively. The sensitivity of economic values to changes in prices of input parameters was low and to changes of prices in output parameters was high. Since the input parameters used in this study were collected from a wide range of management and climates conditions, estimated economic values could be used for designing the appropriate selection index for Kordi sheep.

The present experiment conducted to investigate the effect of processing broiler litter with different levels of tannin extracted from pomegranate peel on in vitro rumen digestion and fermentation, rumen fungi and bacteria growth using completely randomized design in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Dietary treatments were adding pomegranate peel extract to broiler litter at levels 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 percent of dietary dry matter (DM). The gas and potential of gas production were constant with increasing level of pomegranate peel extract up to 20 and 15 percent, respectively. Rate of gas production was similar between treatments, except for diets containing 20 and 35 percent of pomegranate peel extract which decreased significantly (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) containing long-chain fatty acids with L-carnitine (LC) on performance and carcass traits of thirty two Mahabadi male kids. Experimental diets were 1) diet without PSP and LC 2) diet with 10% PSP Kg/DMI and without LC 3) diet without PSP and with 300ppm LC Kg/DMI and 4) diet with 10% PSP and 300ppm LC Kg/DMI. Kids were slaughtered at the end of study and carcass characteristics were measured. Addition of PSP and LC in diet decreased kidney fat (P

Effects of castration of male Morkhoz kids on quality characteristics of biceps femoris muscle and tissues composition of thigh were studied based on a completely randomized design (2 treatments and 4 replicates). Sixteen males were fed for 119 days and kids in the second treatment were castrated one week prior to the adaptation period. Results showed that muscularity in the femur region was significantly higher in the control (intact) group (P

Effect of supplementation of monensin (Mon), chromium (Cr) and their interaction in close-up period was investigated on 30 pregnant multiparous dairy cows in a completely randomized design with four treatments. Treatments were: 1) un-supplemented cows (CON), 2) Mon supplemented cows (400 mg Mon/d), 3) Cr supplemented cows (0.03 mg Cr/metabolic BW); 4) Mon-Cr supplemented cows (400 mg Mon/d plus 0.03 mg Cr/metabolic BW). The production and fertility parameters were recorded. Dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition as well as open days did not show significant difference among treatments. Placenta delivery time was earlier in supplemented cows with Mon-Cr (120 minutes) compared to the control group (243.1 minutes) (p

The effects of different dietary levels of olive leaf powder (OLP) as a natural antioxidant on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters, small intestinal morphology and feed digestibility in broiler using a total of 300 one-day-old Cobb500 broilers were studied in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 20 chicks for each replicate, up to 42d. The experimental diets included: corn-soybean meal basal diet (negative control), basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg of alpha-Tocopheryl acetate (positive control) and three basal diets containing 2, 2.5 and 3 percent OLP. The results showed that during total experimental period (1-42d), weight gain was decreased (P

The effect of different sources of insoluble fiber on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and cecal microbial population was studied with 320 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 24 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and 20 chickens in each replication. Experimental treatments including: control (corn-soybean meal)which was diluted by 3% of treated wheat straw, sunflower and soy hulls. Feed intake was not affected by treatments from 1 to 24 days of age. Body weight gain increasedin treated wheat straw group relative to soy hull group. In addition, feed conversion was improved in broiler fedding by treated wheat straw compared to sunflower and soy hulls (P

The effects of seeds and whole plant powder and extract of Milk thistle (MT) plant in reducing the negative effects of feeding 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler chickens performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters were examined using 192 one-day old chick (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 8 birds per repetition. The experimental treatments included: 1) control, 2) contaminated control (CC), 3) CC 0.5 percent of MT seed powder, 4) CC 1 percent MT plant powder, 5) CC 600mg/kg MT plant extract, 6) CC 1000mg/kg MT plant extract. Results indicated that feeding contaminated diet reduced body weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio and alanine aminotransferase enzyme compared with control in whole experimental period (P≤0.05). The inclusion of 1 percent MT plant powder to the contaminated diets improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio in 1-7, 7-21 days and whole experimental period (1-35 days) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). The addition of 0.5 percent MT seed powder, 1 percent MT plant powder and 1000mg/kg MT plant extract to the contaminated diets decreased alanine aminotransferase enzyme (at 35d) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). It was concluded that compared to other treatments, one percent MT plant powder was more effective in reducing the negative effects of feeding AFB1 in broiler chickens.

The effect of two types of dietary acidifier; Globacid®, Greencab® and their mixture on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibilities and intestinal microflora in broilers were studied by using hundred and twenty eight one-day old Cobb 500 broiler chickens of either sex, four treatments and four replicates of eight chicks in each in a completely randomized disign. The experimental treatments consisted of a basal diet; diet containing basal diet 0.085 percent Globacid®; diet containing basal diet 0.035 percent Greencab® and diet containing basal diet mixture of 0.085 percent Globacid® and 0.035 percent Greencab®. The effect of treatments on growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal microflora was not significant and the higher digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein in comparison to control diet were seen in treatment containing the mixture of Globacid® and Greencan® acidifiers. According to the results of this study, the dietary mixture of Globacid® and Greencan® acidifiers can be useful in broilers by improving dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities and decreasing feed intake trend.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemented with zinc oxide (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg /kg of diet) and vitamin E (Vit E; α-tocopherol acetate; 0 and 40 IU/kg of diet) on fertility and hatchability of Japanese quails, and growth performance and immune response of their progenies. A total of 960 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 70 d of age were housed in cages and randomly allocated to 10 treatments with 4 replicates of 24 birds in each (sixteen females and eight males). Dietary supplemented zinc and Vit E significantly increased hatchability (P≤0.05). There was a significant effect of Vit E on breeder quails fertility, while zinc supplementation was reduced embryonic mortality at the second stage (10-16 day) (P≤0.05). Supplemental zinc significantly improved feed conversion ratio of offspring in the first three weeks of age, while added Vit E improved feed conversion ratio only in the first week of offspring growth (P≤0.05). Dietary supplementation of Japanese quail’s ration with zinc and Vit E increased immune response of offspring, and enriched Zn content of tibia bone of offspring increased with zinc supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing breeder Japanese quails ration with zinc and Vit E improved hatchability and growth performance and immune response of offspring.

The impact of the conditioning process (steam and dry) and processed sodium bentonite (SB) in pellet diet on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood metabolites of broiler chickens in growing period was investigated. For this purpose, 810 day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308 strain were used. A completely randomized experiment in a 3×3 factorial framework with three types of feed conditionings (without conditioning (dry), 2 minutes steam-conditioning and 4 minutes steam-conditioning) and three levels of sodium bentonite as a pellet binder (0, 0.75 and 1.5 percent) in with nine treatments and six replicates was explored. Processing form alone had a significant effect on the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio(P

In order to determine the estimating equations of the apparent metabolisable energy corrected for the nitrogen (AMEn) in Iranian wheat cultivars and to compare these equations with the equation provided by NRC1994 as well as information of the NRC1994 table, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the regression equations predicting AMEn for broiler chickens at age 10 and 24 days were evaluated by using twelve different Iranian wheat cultivars in two consecutive crop years and corresponding chemical composition and their AMEn. In order to verify the authenticity and accuracy the results of first experiment, a second experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates and using 256 ten days-old chicks Ross308. Wheat AMEn in the second experiment was calculated using four 1- NRC1994 Table 2- Regression equation provided by NRC1994 3- Biological methods in these study 4- Regression equations of the first trial. In the first experiment, regression equations used for predicting AMEn of wheat at 10 and 24 days of age were as follows: AMEn=37.289 NFE and AMEn=41.859 NFE. In the second experiment, the highest average live weight at 42 days belongs to the birds in fourth treatment (2542g) and lowest weight in first treatment (2266g). Traits related to performance in biological methods and equations obtained in the first experiment were better than the treatments derived from the regression equation by NRC and NRC tables (P

The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of encapsulated oregano oil on microbial population, morphology, length and weight of different parts of digestive tract of Aryan broiler chicks. A total of 625 Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized trail with 5 treatments and 5 replicates at the age of 1 to 42 days. Treatments were including: 1- basal diet (negative control), 2- basal dietꚺᮊ譢 (0.1 g Protexin/kg), 3- basal diet橻扮⨭ (0.15g Avilamycin/kg), 4- basal dietꊷꁪ oil (0.2 g/kg) and 5- basal diet穷᪦쮥櫗 oregano oil (1 g/kg). The results showed that broiler performance at the end of 42 days were not affected by treatments (p0.05). Finally, according to result of intestinal microbial count, it seems that encapsulated oregano essential oil can improve the intestine microbial population and bird's health.

In this study, the effect of fat source and type of growth promoting additives in laying hens diets on productive performance and egg quality traits was investigated. In a (2×3) factorial experiment,108 ninety-six week-old Hy-Line W-36 laying hens treated with 2 fat sources (vegtable fat - yellow grease and fat powder) and 3 types of growth promoting additives (none-additive,probiotic and antibiotic) for 12 weeks.The birds were allocated randomly in six treatments with six replicates (3 birds per replicat). Results showed that None of the performance variables (egg production rate, egg mass, average egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) were affected by the supplemental fat sources (P> 0.05). The addition of probiotic in feed resulted in significant reductions in feed intake, egg production and egg mass as well as in yolk percent (P

The goal of this paper was to study the effect of ginger extracts and vitamin E on the performance of ovine Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs). For this purpose, different concentrations of hydro and hydroethanolic extracts of ginger and vitamin E on viability, colony formation and expression of inhibiting (bcl2ll and bcl2)and inducing (bax) apoptosisgenes were studied. Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) were extracted from lamb testes with slaughterhouse origin using two steps enzymatic digestion method and enrichment by differential plating method. The characterization of SSCs was carried by alkaline phosphatase staining and expression of c-kit and oct-4 genes. Results have shown that the viability of SSCs was decreased significantly by using more than 800 µg/mL of hydroethanolic extract of ginger, in comparision with control group (P

To examine the possible role of maternal effect on progeny immune system development, the injection effects of the khazak yolk into the yolk of the commercial Ross egg on the performance, immunity and expression of TLR4 was determined in the commercial Ross chicken. For this purpose, 150 ROSS fertile eggs were randomly assigned to two experimental groups including group I (control-in ovo Ross yolk injection) and group II (in ovo khazak yolk injection) and were kept in incubator for 3 weeks. After incubation period, newly hatched chickens were fed with balanced ration for six weeks. Three Chickens from each experimental group were respectively killed at 27- and 42-d posthatch for analysis of immune organs weight (liver, burs and thymus), The HI anti- body titer levels and liver TLR4 mRNA expression levels. The results of Statistical analysis demonstrated that the in-ovo injection of khazak yolk into the Ross eggs not only significantly enhances growth rate and immune function but also decreases expression of TLR4 mRNA in the liver of treated group compared with the control group (P˂0.05). On the basis of these results it's possible that injection of khazak yolk into the Ross eggs at the first day of embryonic development enhances the chicken immune response at older ages.