مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 16 (پاییز 1396)

Alzheimer’s disease as a neurodegenerative disorder is known as a main cause of cognitive problems including learning and memory. Indeed, more than half of people with senile dementia suffer from the disease. The Alzheimer’s disease is resulted from numerous factors such as biochemical disorders in protein production, uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons and changes in level of some key neurotransmitters in the brain. Oxidative stresses, increased glutamate dependent neurotoxicity, decreased release of acetyl choline and inflammation of the brain tissue are the main factors involving in the Alzheimer’s disease. However, abnormal forms of amyloid beta peptides as well as tau proteins have key role in emergence of the disease. The present study reviews the critical involvement of amyloid beta peptides and tau proteins in modification of neuronal function leading to the Alzheimer’s disease.

Introduction and Aims Nowadays, the presence of toxic heavy metals in the industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural effluents is known as a major environmental concern. Since the adsorption process is one of the most effective methods for removing of metal ions from the environment, the current study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of bentonite nanoclay as an adsorbent for removal of Cr and Co from aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods All stages of the experiment were performed under optimum conditions, using nanosized bentonite absorbent discontinuously. In this study, batch experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and contact time. The equilibrium isotherms were characterized and kinetic models were tested. Also, to determine the adsorption rate constant of metals onto the adsorbent, experimental data were compared by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and then were adjusted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.
Results The results showed that by raising pH, the adsorption efficiency of Co and Cr from solution were increased and decreased respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr and Co was observed at pH 3 and 5 respectively after 30 minutes. Also, by increasing the adsorbent amount to 0.5 g and 2 g, adsorption efficiency increased and then there is no significant changes in removal efficiency were observed by increasing the adsorbent dosage. Moreover, under these conditions, the kinetics of the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order and both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.90.
Conclusion Based on the results, it can be concluded that the bentonite nanoclay can be used for removal of metals ions from real samples.

According to limited and inconsistent results about the effect of acute supplementation of Metyl-Xantine on inflammatory responses following training, this study was to determine the effect of acute caffeine consumption on C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 responses following one session of super-slow resistance training.
Material and In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 16 trained males (mean age, 24 ± 0/75 years, and fat percentage 10/3 ± 0/61 and BMI 23 /5 ± 0/49 kg /m2 ) participated in a quasi-experimental design and were randomly assigned in two homogenous groups (n=8): (1) super-slow resistance group with placebo (10 reps, %40 1RM,1 times, total time 120 seconds) and (2) super-slow resistance group with caffeine (6mg/kg). Blood samples were collected before and 24 hours after training to determine C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Data were analyzed by independent t-test at the significant level (P≤0/05).
Findings: The results suggest that super-slow resistance training significantly increased C-reactive protein and IL-6(P≤0/05). The increase in the supplement group was significantly lower.
we conclude that super-slow resistance training causes low-grade inflammation increased IL-6 concentrations ( supplement group: from 23/57 to 24/93 pg/ml, placebo group: from 22/48 to 29/08 pg/ml) and C-reactive protein (supplement group: from 0/72 to 0/82 mg/l, placebo group: from 0/69 to 1/2 mg/l ) and acute caffeine consumption can improve inflammatory responses in resistance training male. So we suggest male bodybuilder athletes to acute caffeine supplementation before and during their resistance training session to reduce the inflammatory responses following resistance training.

Introduction and aims: The aim of radiotherapy is delivering lethal dose of radiation to tumor cells while adjacent healthy tissues would have the least amount of irradiation. One way to increase the dose in the tumor cells is using high atomic number nanoparticles as radiation sensitizers in these cells.
Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles at different concentrations (10, 40 and 80 µg/ml) were incubated with HeLa cell line of cervical cancer for 24 hours and then the cells irradiated with different doses (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy) of 6 MeV electron and 6 MV photon beams. Survival fraction of the cells was evaluated by MTT assay.
The survival fraction in the groups receiving radiation in the absence and presence of iron oxide nanoparticles showed significant differences (p Using iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran can increase the absorbed dose and consequently cell killing in cervical cancer cells (HeLa).

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive efficacy of three lumbosacral analgesic protocols for elective tail ducking surgery in dogs received acepromazine premedication.
15 dogs were randomly divided in 3 groups. Evaluated treatments were lidocaine (4mg/kg) alone (group1), magnesium sulphate (2.5 mg/kg ) in combination with lidocaine (4 mg/kg) (group2) and magnesium sulphate (2.5 mg/kg) alone ( group3) that were injected in the epidural space. Analgesia was assessed before surgical procedure using Von Frey device. Analgesia was evaluated during and after surgery, too.
The decrease of pain was significant in three treated groups during and after surgery (P Based on the present results it is concluded that magnesium sulfate injected into the lumbosacral epidural space of dogs causes to an antinociceptive effect in A δ and C- fibers without any motor functional deficits. Additionally, magnesium sulfate- lidocaine combination produce suitable postoperative analgesia.

Introduction The quality of drinking water resources is closely related to public health. Using GIS, we can easily map the measured quality parameters and provide valuable information to community health services. In the present paper, some important indicators of groundwater resources in the central district of Mashhad city were measured and zoned.
Materials and Methods In this research, water quality indicators, including TDS, TH, sulfate, chloride, pH and sodium were analyzed in a zone including 1580 wells. Then the data was entered to GIS Framework and mapped using the Kriging methods.
Results The results of the research indicate that TDS and TH exceed in the most acceptable levels of the Iranian national standard in 60% and 81% of the total studied area respectively. In the case of the sodium index, only 3% of the area and in the chloride index, six percent of the area, which is located mainly in the south of Mashhad and small parts in the northwest of Mashhad, have exceeded the standard. Sulfate index is also in unfavorable conditions in more than nine percent of the studied area. The pH index is in suitable condition.
Conclusion The outcomes illustrate that the qualitative conditions of underground water resources, particularly in TDS and TH are in the inappropriate condition in the southern parts of Mashhad. It is related to the high population density and the lack of proper drainage. It is needed to restrict over exploitation of groundwater resources in critical hot spots, along with defining alternative safe water sources for urban consumption.

Introduction and Aims: Due to the developing bacterial drug resistance to classical antimicrobial agents, it seems necessary to produce an innovative therapeutic approach to eliminate resistant pathogens. This study aimed to biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using flowers extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and determined of antibacterial activity of produced AgNPs.
We used an environmentally friendly extracellular biosynthetic technique for the production of the AgNPs. The reducing agents used to produce the nanoparticles were from the aqueous flowers extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The AgNPs were characterized by color changes, the UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR analysis, XRD patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ,through broth micro dilution (MIC values) and MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) assays.
An absorption peak at 413 nm and the color change to dark brown were corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of AgNPs and then were performed by FTIR and XRD methods. The average size of nanoparticles was observed between 67 and 80 nm. Furthermore, the MIC value of extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 3.12, 6.25, and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The corresponding MBC values were 6.25, 6.25 and 100 mg/mL, respectively.
Our findings confirmed that extracellular synthesis of AgNPs mediated by E. camaldulensis flowers extract indicated a good bactericidal activity against the tested bacteria and can be used in various fields as an antibacterial agent. Further studies are needed to characterize the toxicity effect of these particles.

Introduction and Aims: Ethylbenzene is one of the most important volatile organic compounds and one of 189 hazardous air pollutants that found in many indoor and outdoor environments and always creates air pollution concerns. Thus, before being discharged to the environment, it must be treated from polluted airstream. The aim of this study was the effect of combined use of ozone and carbosieve in the catalytic removal of ethylbenzene from the polluted airstream.
The study was experimental in which a combination of ozone and carbosieve as a catalys was used in the removal of ethylbenzene from the polluted airstream. The experiments were carried out in a reactor with the continuous system and the results of catalytic ozonation were compared with the results of single ozonation and carbosieve adsorbent. The sampling and analyzing were done with 1501 NMAM method by GC equipped with FID detector.
The results of this study showed that the removal effectiveness of single ozonation process is averagely less than 25%. Also, the efficiency of absorbent decreased with the concentration increase of ethylbenzene.The increase ratio of the efficiency in catalytic ozonation process to efficiency of carbosieve adsorbent was averagely 45%.
With regard to high efficiency of catalytic ozonation process and increasing the removal ethylbenzene, the catalytic ozonation process is suggested as a promising and alternative technology for the elimination of VOCs from the polluted air stream.