فهرست مطالب

Nursing and Midwifery Studies - Volume:7 Issue: 1, Jan-Mar 2018

Nursing and Midwifery Studies
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Jan-Mar 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/12/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Masoud Khodaveisi, Farzaneh Miri, Afsar Omidi *, Manouchehr Karami, Ali Esmaili Vardanjani, Nahid Mohammadi Page 1
    Background
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) management is challenging, particularly for people in developing countries.
    Objective
    This study aimed to examine the effects of a home-based nursing care (HBNC) program on metabolic control among patients with type II DM.
    Methods
    This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in Hamadan, Iran, in 2014. Sixty patients with type II DM were consecutively recruited from a public diabetes care clinic in Hamadan, Iran, and randomly allocated to an experimental and a control group. Patients in the control group received usual discharge services, while their counterparts in the experimental group received HBNC services in addition to usual discharge services. The levels of fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured before and 3 months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed through the Chi-square, the paired-sample and the independent-sample t-tests.
    Results
    HBNC program significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose (from 206.60 ± 84.93 to 141.40 ± 48.75; P 0.05).
    Conclusion
    HBNC is an effective strategy for managing type II DM and decreasing the risk of its complications.
    Keywords: Home care services, Metabolic syndrome, Type II diabetes mellitus
  • Saeideh Nasiri, Masoumeh Kordi *, Morteza Modares Gharavi, Masoud Kashani Lotfabadi Page 6
    Background
    Postpartum depression with high prevalence and unpleasant complications needs to be identified and treated.
    Objective
    This study aimed to compare the effect of problem-solving therapy (PST) and relaxation on the severity of postpartum depressive symptoms.
    Methods
    This randomized controlled trial was performed in health-care centers of Mashhad city, Iran, in women on the 3rd postpartum week. A total of 120 women were selected conveniently and randomly assigned to three groups (i.e., PST, relaxation, and control groups). The women completed Edinburgh Depression Scale and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Problem-solving skills were educated during six weekly sessions. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises and guided imagery were performed daily and once a week during 6 weeks, respectively. In the control group, women received usual postpartum care. All groups completed a daily checklist for recording depression symptoms. The three groups completed the BDI once again a week after the end of the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and repeated measures ANOVA.
    Results
    The mean difference of severity of depressive symptoms was significantly different between the three groups at 9 weeks after delivery (−14.86 ± 6.15 in PST group, −10.71 ± 5.23 in relaxation group, and −4.72 ± 4.51 in the control group, P
    Conclusion
    Both PST and relaxation can reduce the severity of depressive symptoms. However, the effects of PST were more than those of relaxation.
    Keywords: Depressive symptoms, Postpartum depression, Problem?solving, Relaxation therapy
  • Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi, Roghayeh Poursaberi * Page 12
    Background
    Cancer is a serious illness which can cause significant complications such as mental disorders.
    Objective
    This study aimed to investigate the effects of stress-coping strategies (SCS) and life skills (LS) trainings on mental health and academic progress among adolescent cancer patients.
    Methods
    This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 120 Iranian adolescent cancer patients. Participants were randomly allocated to a control (n = 60) and an experimental group (n = 60). A demographic questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire were used to collect data on adolescent's mental health and grade point average (GPA) both before and after study intervention. A SCS and an LS training programs were held for the adolescents in the experimental group. However, adolescents in the control group received no training about the strategies and skills. The Chi-square, the Fisher's exact, as well as the independent- and the paired-sample t-tests were used for data analysis.
    Results
    In the experimental group, the mean scores of the somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, depression, and social dysfunction subscales of mental health were 8.91 ± 6.17, 10.33 ± 5.43, 15.33 ± 7.34, and 16.23 ± 3.61 at baseline and significantly decreased to 4.71 ± 2.51, 6.61 ± 2.62, 11.05 ± 2.84, and 12.31 ± 5.45, respectively (P 0.05).
    Conclusion
    SCS and LS trainings can promote mental health and academic achievement among adolescent cancer patients.
    Keywords: Adolescent, Cancer, Life skills, Mental health, Stress
  • Maryam Nasari, Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh *, Hamid Haghani Page 18
    Background
    Sleep disorders are a source of stress for patients hospitalized in coronary care units (CCUs).
    Objective
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nature sounds on sleep quality among patients in CCUs.
    Methods
    This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 93 patients hospitalized in the CCUs of three teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups, namely, nature sounds, silence, and control groups. Patients in the nature sounds group listened to nature sounds for 30 min in two consecutive nights while their counterparts in the silence group only wore mute headphones. Patients in the control group neither listened to nature sounds nor wore headphones. The Richards–Campbell sleep questionnaire was used for the evaluation of the patient's sleep quality two days before and during the intervention. The mean scores of sleep quality at the first two and the last two nights, respectively, were considered as the pretest and the posttest sleep quality. Cohen's d, one-way analysis of variance, paired-sample t, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the Scheffe post hoc tests were used to analyze the data.
    Results
    Posttest-pretest mean differences of the sleep depth, the number of awakenings, and the returning to sleep domains of sleep quality in the control group were significantly less than nature sounds group (P 0.05).
    Conclusion
    Both nature sounds and silence can significantly improve sleep quality among patients in CCUs. Nurses can use these strategies to improve the sleep quality of a patient in these units.
    Keywords: Coronary care unit, Nature sounds, Nursing, Sleep quality
  • Abbas Ebadi, Ziba Taghizadeh, Eesa Mohammadi, Abolghasem Pourreza, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad Lili, Razieh Bagherzadeh* Page 24
    Background
    The available instruments for work–family conflict measurement are not specific to women.
    Objective
    The current study was conducted to design and psychometrically evaluate a married women's work–family conflict questionnaire (MWWFCQ).
    Methods
    This study consisted of two phases. The first phase was item generation and questionnaire design. In this phase, a qualitative approach was used to develop items. Seventeen in-depth individual interviews and two group discussions were carried out and available texts and questionnaires were reviewed to generate the items. The second phase was item reduction and psychometric evaluation of the formulated questionnaire including, face, content, and construct validity and reliability assessment. For the assessment of construct validity, a cross-sectional study was performed. Participants included 400 employed married women with different jobs living in Bushehr Province that were recruited through cluster sampling.
    Results
    In the first step, 108 items were generated. After assessing face and content validity, 39 items were remained. In the exploratory factor analysis, two items were removed. This analysis revealed a four-factor structure for the scale that altogether explained 45.87% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.926 for the total scale. The interclass correlation coefficient between the test and retest was 0.983.
    Conclusion
    The 37-item MWWFCQ is a questionnaire with acceptable reliability and validity and can be used in studies on married women.
    Keywords: Family relationship, Questionnaire design, Working women
  • Tulay Yildirim, Zeynep Karaman, Ouml, ZlU * Page 33
    Background
    Illnesses influence patients as well as patient's relatives and cause emotional problems, such as anger, fear, and anxiety. Determining the needs of patient's relatives increases satisfaction of patients and relatives and enhances health-care goal achievement.
    Objective
    The objective of this study was to examine the needs of critically ill patient's relatives in emergency departments and the state of meeting these needs.
    Methods
    This descriptive study was conducted on 202 critically ill patient's relatives at emergency department of Atatürk University Research Hospital. The data were collected using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory for Emergency Departments (CCFNIED) and a form for meeting the needs of critically ill patient's relatives. Data were analyzed using percentage distribution, mean, analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test.
    Results
    The needs of patient's relatives according to the order of importance included communication with family members (3.88 ± 0.28), being supported (3.40 ± 0.42), being involved in care in the emergency department (3.27 ± 0.34), and comfort (3.20 ± 0.51). Using CCFNIED, the total mean score was 3.52 ± 0.31.
    Conclusion
    Related studies are recommended to consider patient's relatives in the emergency department as a part of care, enable them to be involved in patient care, provide support for them, and enhance their comfort.
    Keywords: Critically ill patient, Emergency department, Need
  • Forough Rafii, Seyedeh Fatemeh Vasegh Rahimparvar*, Afsaneh Keramat, Neda Mehrdad Page 39
    Background

    Risk of diabetes mellitus is higher in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Postpartum diabetes screening is recommended in women with GDM. However, the rate of this screening is low.

    Objectives

    The purpose of this study was to perform an in-depth exploration of perceived facilitators of attendance to postpartum diabetes screening in women with recent GDM.

    Methods

    This qualitative study was conducted in 2016 in Tehran. Semi-structured interviews carried out with 22 women with a recent GDM who gave birth at least 6 months before the interview.

    Results

    Four main categories were emerged from the data. Each category included two to three subcategories. The first category was appropriate education and included two subcategories of prenatal education and postpartum education. The second category was feeling the ease of screening and included two subcategories of spousal support, and appropriate laboratory facilities. The third category was self-regulation and included three subcategories of importance of health, a desire toward learning about health, and proper planning. The fourth category was attitudes toward the screening and included three subcategories of initial fear better than consequences, feeling comfortable, and uncertainty regarding glucometer's accuracy. The last category was perceived threat and included three subcategories of fear of developing diabetes, being healthy to serve the child/children, and being healthy for other roles.

    Conclusion

    Iranian women with recent GDM reported several facilitators for diabetes postpartum screening. Further studies are suggested.

    Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Postpartum, Qualitative research, Screening
  • Ezzat Paryad, Touba Hossein-Zadeh*, Ehsan Kazemnejad-Leili, Nazila Javadi-Pashaki Page 43