Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:12 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2017

Objective- The objective of the present study was to define electrocardiographic data following intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine with or without Ketamine in Chough.
Design- To determine the heart effects of anesthetics in intranasal administration, an experimental in vivo study was employed.
Animals- Ten healthy Choughs were examined in the current study
Procedures- After intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine with or without Ketamine, electrocardigorams were recorded by a direct writing electrocardiograph. Then the heart rate, durations (seconds - s) and amplitude (millivolts - mv) of the P wave, QRS complex and T wave all measured in the bipolar II derivation
Results- There was a normal sinus rhythm after application of all drugs or combinations. The range of the heart rate of the birds was from 93 to 321 beats/min. The P wave was always positive in all recorded leads after administration. During anesthesia or sedation with all drugs, the T wave was positive in leads I, II, III and aVF and negative in leads aVR, and aVL. The amplitude and duration of P, QRS and T waves were changed after intranasal administration of all drugs or combinations.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Based on the electrocardiographic hjfindings it seems that the xylazine is not a suitable drug to induce sedation and anesthesia of choughs via intranasal administration. Therefore, xylazine must be used for birds when its antagonists are accessible.

Objective- The healing effect of chitosan supported cerium oxide nanoparticles (nano-CeO2) on cutaneous experimental excisional wound infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in rat.
Design- Experimental Study.
Animals- Sixty male albino rats.
Procedures- The chitosan supported nano-CeO2 hydrogel was prepared and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The wound was infected with p. aeruginosa and in positive control (PC) group it was treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment with no treatment in negative control (NC) group. The infected wound was treated with chitosan suspension-gel, cerium oxide nanoparticles solution or chitosan supported-CeO2 nanoparticle gel in the treatment groups. The rats were randomized into five groups (n=12). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of four animals each and studied 3, 7 and 14 days post-wounding.
Results- Plantimetry, histopathological assessments and hydroxyprolin content showed better and faster healing of the wounds in the treatment groups, particularly in chitosan supported-CeO2 nanoparticle gel (ChCe) group compared to the NC group (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance-Topical application of the chitosan supported nano-CeO2 particles on the infected wound enhanced tissue total antioxidant capacity, reduced the bacterial count, accelerated proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, increased hydroxyproline level and neovascularization scale of the healing wound. Chitosan supported nano-CeO2 hydrogel could be suggested as an alternative therapy for treating of the infected wound.

Objective-This study aimed to determine the protective effects of benidipine on testicular injury after testis torsion/detorsion in ratsDesign-Experimental study
Animals-Fifteen male Sprague-Dawly rats weighing 200-220g
Procedure-Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham (healthy group with sham operation, n=5), IRC group (control group in which I/R injury was performed by torsion the right testis 720 º clockwise for 2 hours and detorsion for 2 hours, n=5), and IRB group (IR benidipine, I/R process was performed following orally benidipine administration 4 mg/kg benidipine, n=5). Levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in testicular tissues of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically.
Results-The levels of MDA (PConclusion and clinical relevance-These results show that therapy with benidipine before torsion may induce protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury

Objective- One of the important causes of nasal fracture is a trauma that can be diagnosed in clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging but it should be noted that radiography may show false fractures in the nose. This study evaluates the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of nasal fractures and compared it with plain radiography.
Design- Retrospective study.
Animals- 12 dog patients with suspected nasal fracture.
Procedure- These dogs were evaluated by ultrasonography and radiography in comparison with the clinical examination (golden standard) and the results were analyzed by statistical method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative odds ratio, and accuracy with 95% confidence intervals and the accuracy of both tests were calculated.
Results- In the diagnosis of nasal fracture by ultrasonography, sensitivity was 96.4%, specificity of 93.3% and accuracy of 96% and in the radiographic method, sensitivity was 81.1%, specificity of 86.7% and accuracy of 82%. In ultrasonography and radiography, the most sensitivity in diagnosis of nasal bridge fracture was 100% and 92.6% and the most specificity in diagnosis of the outer wall nasal fracture was 100% and 50%, respectively.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- According to the results of this study, ultrasonography can be used as a non-invasive method with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of nasal bone fractures in dogs.

In this study, the bone regeneration ability of polyacrylamide hydrogel and nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds (PAAH/NHA) and stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs) in the healing of critical sized bone defects in rabbit radius were assessed.
Animals and procedures: 12 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 3 groups. The rabbits were anesthetized and 15 mm bone defects were created on the radius. According to the group, scaffold with or without ADSCs were implanted into the defects. These groups were as follows: A (control group, bone defect without any treatment), B (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds in the bone defect) and C (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds with stem cells derived from adipose tissue in the bone defect). The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery and histopathologic evaluation were carried out.
Result and microscopic examination revealed significant increase in new bone formation in group C than B. The results of this study showed that the use of stem cells derived from adipose tissue implanted on PAAH/NHA scaffold can stimulate osteogenesis.

Objectives- The purpose of the study was to observe whether PRP, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and combining them could help make improvements the healing of Achilles tendons in rabbits.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals-Sixteen male, healthy and mature white New Zealand rabbits.
Procedures- The animals were randomiaed into 4 groups: Control, PRP, MSCs with fibrin glue and MSCs PRP therapy. A 3 mm diameter defect was created in the midsubstance of the medial M. gastrocnemius tendon in all rabbits. After 4 and 8 weeks, animals were euthanized (each time point, 2 rabbits of the each group) and samples were examined in term of histologic scoring with H & E and Masson's Trichrome.
Results- Histologic investigations confirmed that all 3 methods of treatment in Achilles tendon defect had suitable reparative effects. Final histologic scoring for control group at 4th week after operation was 4.5 in contrast to treatment groups (PRP =6, MSCs = 5.5 and MSCs PRP= 8). Final histologic scoring in all 4 groups improved at 8th week after operation (control=6.5, PRP =9.5, MSCs = 8.5 and MSCs PRP= 14.5).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- This study indicated that using PRP or MSCs treatment alone and combination of them in injured tendon improved healing process and decreased time of repair. Reparative effect of PRP in tendon defect was better than use of allogenic MSCs treatment. However, the combination of them caused the best results.

Objective- Breast cancer is one of the most serious problems in oncology. Alkaloids pyrrolizidine are widely found in nature and exhibited versatile biological activities. The aim of the present study was to assess anti-tumor activity of methyl 1,3-dioxo-1,1',2',3,5',6',7',7a'-octahydrospiro[indene-2,3'-pyrrolizidine]-2'-carboxylate (6) on 7,12 dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in rat.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals- Twenty-one female Wistar ats
Procedures- 7-Week-old female Wistar rats (180 g body weight) were randomized into three groups of seven animals each. DMBA-induced mammary tumors was achived using DMBA dissolved in 1ml of vehicle (0.5 ml of DMSO plus 0.5 ml of saline) and injected by subcutaneous injection beneath the mammary gland on either side. Tumor yield and size were stabilized after 90 days with the initiation of DMBA. Healthy intact animals (NC) were considered as a normal control feeding on pellets and tap water. In group DMBA, the tumor was induced by DMBA. In group DMBA/7d the animals with tumor received 100 µL 6 dissolved in DMSO (0.25 µM) solution intraperitoneally for one week. Synthesis of 6 was accomplished and the structure of new product was assigned by their 1H/13C NMR, IR, CH-COSY and mass spectral data as well as the elemental analysis.
Results- The overall tumor analysis showed that 6 treatment significantly inhibited the breast tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and tumor size in the DMBA-initiated rat model. 6 treatment significantly inhibited the total volume of tumors per rat.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-The findings of the present study showed that the 6 treatment was significantly effective in reduction of tumors versus the cancer controls.

Objective- The present study was aimed to evaluate repair of a critical segmental defect of rabbit femur using the rabbit’s femoral defects repaired by Zeolite and Zeolite/Collagen scaffolds
Design- Experimental Study
Animals- Forty-five mature male New Zealand white rabbits
Procedures- The animals were randomly divided into three groups of 15 animals each. In the first group (NC) the defect was made and with no treatment the wound was closed. In the second group (ZNC) the nanocomposite of zeolite was implanted into the defect. In the third group (Z/COL NC) the nanocomposite of zeolite/collagen was implanted into the defect. The periost and subcutaneous tissues were then closed primarily. The specimens were taken on days 15, 30, and 60 postoperatively and assessed histopathologically.
Results- Comparison of average scores of union index among groups showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of union in three groups (p0.05).
Conclusion and clinical relevance- The results of this study showed that zeolite and zeolite/collagen nanocomposite could be taken into consideration for grafting for bone fracture healing. It could be concluded that zeolite and zeolite/collagen nanocomposite bear a crucial capability in the reconstruction of bone defects and could be used as scaffold in bone fractures.

Case Description-An adult golden eagle with a wound on its right wing caused by gunshot was presented to the University of Tabriz, Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Clinical Finding-Clinical examination and radiographs, revealed compound fracture in distal third of humerus, severe soft tissue compromise and irreparable loss of blood supply. Anemia and leukocytosis were revealed on CBC test.
Treatment and Outcome- Based on clinical and radiographic figures, amputation of the wing was considered to save the bird life. The bird was treated with Ringer's lactate solution and Lincospectin, preoperatively. Under general anesthesia with intramascular injection of Ketamine 10mg/kg and Xylazine 1mg/kg amputation of wing at proximal third of the humerus was done. The bird recovered without any complication. Healing was uneventful and no complications were observed during six months postoperatively.
Clinical Relevance-Hereby, we reported unilateral wing amputation for management of humeral fracture due to gunshot in a Golden eagle. Amputation of the humerus at its proximal third was recommended to prevent osteomyelitis and as a life-saving treatment in such a complicated case.

Case Description: A 1.5-year-old filly weighing approximately 150 kg was presented to the clinic for a dense tumor-like mass on his lower lip.
Clinical Findings: According to physical examinations, it was observed that the filly had a solitary, well-circumscribed, red or pinkish mass of 7 × 5 × 3.5 cm. Palpation caused pain in the mass; however, no other physical abnormality was detected.
Radiological Diagnosis: Radiographs indicated a well-circumscribed, focally mineralized, non-invasive to muscle layer mass without signs of further bone invasion and periosteal reaction.
Treatment and Outcome- Surgical removal of the mass was applied under general anesthesia. Histological examination revealed that the tumor contained spindle-shaped cells surrounding the endothelial- lined vascular spaces. Neoplastic cells were arranged in short interlacing bundles and storiform whorls were randomly distributed throughout a fibrous or myxoid stroma. Neoplastic cells formed many whorls separated by spacious stromal collagen. Eight months after surgical excision, the filly was reexamined and no evidence of lip mass recurrence was observed.
Clinical Relevance- Hemangiopericytomas poorly respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and complete surgical resection is the only effective therapy for hemangiopericytoma