مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1396)

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the most important nutritional sources in the South West of Asia and North Africa. After Egypt, Iran has the second rank in date production in the world. By the development of science in various fields in recent years, several aspects of medicinal and nutritional benefits of date palm have been confirmed. By studying of Quran, narrations, and hadiths of the Imams (AS), we found that many of these benefits and other properties of date have already been mentioned. Therefore, this article is prepared to determine the nutritional and remedial properties of data in the Quran, Hadith and traditional medicine as well as in modern medicine.

  Generally, the date palm has nutritious, sedative, expectorant, laxative, libido enhancer effects. It is also effective in treating respiratory diseases, cough, asthma, chest pains, fever, high blood pressure, and fatigue. This research was performed as a review study on totally 105 qualified resources about the medical properties of date palm in Quran, hadiths, traditional medicine as well as recent scientific studies from 2000 to 2016.

In addition to the recommendations of Quran and Prophet, Imams and traditional resources to the consumption of date palm, findings of recent studies also indicate that the date palm is effective in the treatment of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes, infertility, scar, peptic ulcer, cancer, Parkinson and Alzheimer. It also has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

The findings of this research can be an effective step to confirm the scientific aspects of the Quran and narratives of the Imams (AS), especially in the case of fruits like the date palm

Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in the world. Given that 50% of pharmacological methods are not successful in treatment of hypertension, dealing with appropriate, effective, and inexpensive non-pharmacological treatments such as cupping can be effective, so this research was done.

A descriptive study was conducted in hypertensive patients referred to the cupping center. Among patients who were referred for cupping, 25 patients who had hypertension and received antihypertensive medication were selected. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as pulse were checked before and after cupping. Data were collected using a questionnaire and was statistically analyzed by paired t-test.

The research was conducted on 25 people. The decrease of systolic blood pressure was 0.94±0.98 (p<0/0001) and diastolic blood pressure decrease was 78/0±46/0 (p<0/0001) and pulse rate changes decrease was 8/2 ± 3 (p<0/05).

It seems that cupping can help recovery of hemodynamic status in hypertensive patients.

Since diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder, and its growing trend has raised concerns in the healthcare system, the use of medicinal herbs may be effective in treating diabetes alone or in combination with chemical drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Nasturtium officinal extract on blood glucose in diabetic rats.

 In this experimental study, 40 male mice with an average weight of 25-20 Grams after sustainability in standard animal house were divided randomly into 5 groups of 8 animals. Four drug groups by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (Streptozotocin) to the extent 60mg / kg and a non-diabetic control group were considered. Blood sugar was analyzed before and at 24, 72 hours and one week after injection of STZ and administration of hydroalcoholic Watercress extract. The first three groups received Watercress extract with three different doses (100, 300, 600 mg/kg). Data was analyzed using SPSS v.16 software. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Blood sugar of groups treated with different doses of NF (Watercress) at 24 and 72 hours and a week after was significantly lower than the control group at the same time (p<0.05) so that blood sugar groups extract-treated diabetic, took 72 hours to 24 hours compared to 72 hours in one week showed a greater reduction (p<0.05) greater drop in blood glucose concentration 300 mg/kg respectively.

Obesity is a major threat to public health around the world and is a major factor in various diseases. There are various drugs and various surgical procedures dealing with obesity, but both have adverse effects and limited efficacy. People's dissatisfaction along with expensive chemical drugs has many side effects, as well as the desire for fitness through natural methods, which are the most important causes of the use of herbal medicines by people. As herbs used by people in the treatment of obesity for weight loss are not definitely evaluated and have dangerous effects this study intended to review relevant studies to facilitate access to plants whose efficacy and safety have been proven through authentic clinical trials.

 In this study, we investigated valid scientific articles indexed in ISI, SID, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using complementary medicine and alternative medicinal herbs, obesity, overweight, clinical trial, weight loss as keywords.

Plants affecting weight loss have different mechanisms such as increasing metabolism, affecting fat metabolism, reducing appetite, reducing fat absorption, laxative, increasing levels of leptin, preventing carbohydrate intake, and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Studies show a significant and safe decrease in weight with Triphala consumption. In some studies, cinnamon, soybeans, celery, senna, roses, and cumin caused a significant reduction in weight. In some other studies, their effectiveness and even their safety were doubtful. Phytosterols, tubers of Orchis mascula, and Felty germander have caused significant weight loss in animal studies. In the case of fenugreek and peanut, more studies are needed

Evacuation is one of the 6 essential health’s rules. Dysfunction in normal fecal depletion causes multiple diseases. In traditional Persian medicine, constipation is known to be mother of diseases that in addition to the digestive system gradually affects the whole body. Therefore, it’s very important to design proper toilets in order to help proper fecal depletion. The aim of the current study is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the two common squatting and sitting toilets.

 This as a review study. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Google Scholar were searched using related keywords and related articles in traditional and conventional medicine were studied.

Squatting and sitting toilets are two of the most common toilets. It seems that in healthy people, squatting toilet is the most appropriate choice considering the health of the digestive system, biomechanics and fast, east and complete depletion. Chronic use of sitting toilets has probably lots of adverse effects on the health of the digestive system and consequently the whole body. But if for some reason squatting toilet is not applicable, siting toilet can be considered as a good alternative.

In today's industrial life that memory problems are occurring with greater speed, man seeks to identify ways to prevent the related disorders and improve memory. Studies have shown that many drugs, including herbs, are effective in improving learning and memory.

  In this study, search was conducted using electronic databases IranMedex and SID, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed. Articles written in the period covered by these databases (1995 to 2015) which investigated the effects of herbs on memory were assessed.

The literature review showed that many plants that have effects on memory such that they can be Hemp, Figs, Garlic, Sesame seeds, Wedge, Bouzid, Marianum, Hypericum, Frankincense, Lemon balm, Dates, Olive, Blueberry, Artichoke, Fennel, Celery, Radish, Milk thistle, Red grape juice, soybeans, marjoram noted that enhance the ability to strengthen and improve memory.

Considering the fact that the human memory has essential role in his life and also scientific progress and also these plants have very little or no side effects; if effective, they can be a viable alternative to chemical drugs.

Based on the theories of traditional medicine, body temperament can determine physical, mental and emotional characteristics. The purpose of the present study was to survey and compare temperaments in elite, amateur and inactive runners.

In this descriptive survey statistical society consisted of all elite and amateur runners of the Fars Track and Field Commission. Forty runners (20 elite and 20 amateurs) were selected randomly as the sample. Twenty other inactive people were selected for comparison. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The statistical hypothesis testing methods were used.

The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between temperament and physical activity level (p<0.05). There was also a direct relationship between the Choleric and Sanguine temperaments and level of physical activity in all three groups of elite and amateur runners and inactive people. There is no significant relationship between Melancholic and Phlegmatic temperaments and physical activity level (P>0.05).

According to the present study, it can be concluded that hot temperament of runners can be an important factor in increasing their participation in physical activity.

Nowadays cancer is becoming a global health problem. Honey bee venom has been used for thousands of years in treating different diseases. Recently its uses as an anti-cancer compound attracted scientist’s attention. Determining the main components of bee venom which induce apoptosis can result in finding new anti-cancer compounds. Bee venom is a complex mixture of peptides, enzymes and biologically active amines like melittin and phospholipase A2.

  This study was an experimental study. The cancer column cells (HT-29) and mice fibroblast cells (L929) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium. Cells were treated with different concentrations of honey bee venom (0.1-12 µg/ml) in three times of 24, 48 and 72 hours. After this period the percent of living cells was determined through MTT assay. The analysis of data was done with SPSS software using One Way ANOVA method. Also, two cell lines were analyzed in the same concentrations of bee venom using the T-test.

in concentration 0.6 µg/ml and time 24 h the number of living cells reduced and in concentration 6 µg/ml all cells died. In concentration 2 µg/ml significant inhibitory effect on L929 was seen and in concentration 12 µg/ml and time 12 hours all cells died. Honey bee venom had an inhibitory effect on human colon cancer cells (HT-29) in vitro.

Honey bee venom cytotoxicity effect on human colon cancer cells (HT-29) was demonstrated. It seems that the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells treated with this compound is the cause of cell death which should be more investigated in the future.

Each of the four seasons of the year like the human body has a certain temperament. The seasons’ lifestyle is one of the most important issues for health maintenance in Persian medicine. In this article, the lifestyle of each season is presented to keep healthy and prevent common diseases.

 The topic of lifestyle in each season was studied using reliable sources of traditional Persian medicine and related articles of valid electronic database.

The recommended lifestyle in the spring includes: soft foods consumption such as lamb meat, fried eggs, barberry syrup, rhubarb and oxymel (Sekanjabin); and avoiding from excess movement, excess bathing, extreme anger, and happiness; body purgation with enema and phlebotomy. Lifestyle of the summer includes: consumption of fresh fish, chicken, sour pomegranate juice, verruca, rhubarb syrup, cherries, plums, watermelon, lettuce, increasing the amount of rest; avoiding from excess movement, excess intercourse. Lifestyle of the autumn includes: consumption of spicy foods, lamb meat, melon, quince, apples, and pears; bathing once every two days with lukewarm water and body purgation with enema. The recommended lifestyle in the winter includes: consumption of foods such as lamb meat with spicy seasonings; excess movement and activity; avoiding from phlebotomy and cupping.

In Traditional Persian Medicine resources, the starting point for health protection and disease treatment is prevention. In this article, some recommendations about lifestyle, especially eating habits and regulation of sleep, wakefulness and physical activity in different seasons are given. Following these rules will improve the health level of community and save health care costs

Determination of the professional competence of physicians was one of the most important and significant issues in the educational and therapeutic system of medicine in Islamic civilization. Hence, there were some approaches to test physicians in manuscripts of sages in Islamic civilization era. One of these works is ‘Adab al-Tabib’, a well-known historic book on medical ethics written by Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi (8th century AD). In this book, comprehensive and accurate approaches to determine the professional competence of physicians were provided. The aim of this paper is to review the determination of physicians’ professional competence according to the text of Adab al-Tabib.

  In this review article, we reviewed and analyzed the subject of the physicians' professional competence exam in the ‘Adab al-Tabib’ by Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi and the content was compiled by means of content analysis.

Al-Ruhawi designed a bipartite exam to determine the professional competence of physicians; the theoretical part assesses the physician’s knowledge and attitude like a deep interview. While in the practical part, practical skills such as familiarity with the tools and methods of operation and some practices such as “Fasd” (Phlebotomy) were evaluated. During this exam, assessment of the principles and techniques of specialized knowledge with full details have been considered in addition to knowledge of the theoretical foundations and basic sciences. In conclusion, Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi designed a structured comprehensive examination for the determination of the professional competence of physicians in order to provide an instrument to assess physicians’ knowledge, attitude, behavior, and skills for the use of his time scientific society. Some matters are outstanding and can be used