مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 16، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1397)

Due to the complex nature and varied symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, different treatments have been used for OCD.
The aim of this study was comparing the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing metacognitive beliefs, fusion beliefs, internal stop signals and control/threat beliefs.
To do so, 6 women with OCD (pure washing), were selected based on the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and were assigned randomly to CBT or MCT group. In each group, patients received the relevant therapies in 12 one-hour sessions. Research tools included Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R), stop signals questionnaire (SSQ), thought fusion inventory (TFI) and metacognition questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) that were completed by patients in pretest, posttest, follow up 1 and follow up 2. Finally, data was analyzed both individually and in group. In individual analysis, we used diagrams, visual analysis and calculating the effect size, while in group analysis, the analysis of variance with one between group factor (two group of therapies) and one within group factor (time of tests) was used.
The results indicated that metacognitive therapy was more effective than cognitivebehavioral therapy in reducing the metacognitive beliefs, fusion beliefs and internal stop signals. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than metacognitive therapy in reducing the control/threat beliefs.
Considering these results, it can be suggested that overall, metacognitive therapy is more appropriate for reducing the obsessive symptoms. However, definitiveconclusion about the efficacy of these therapies requires more studies.

Depression is one of the most prevalent and disabling problems in adolescence. Researches have shown that personality traits can predict mood changes over the time, and some personality traits are more susceptible to mental disorder compare to the others.
Aim: The aim of the current study was investigation of the relationship between type D personality and it's sub-scales (Negative Affect and Social Inhibition) with depression in female students of senior high school grade.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The statistical population of the study was all of female students of senior high school grade studying in an academic year (2016- 2017) at Shahin Shahr. The number of 126 students were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling method.
Tool: Tools that are used in this study were Denollet type D personality questionnaire, and Beck-II depression Inventory. The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analyze with SPSS-23 software.
Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between type D personality and it's sub-scales with depression in female students (p According to the results and the importance of adolescence, its necessary to consider Effective and suitable strategies in order to reduce negative affect, and enhance healthy social relations in families, Social and educational environments.

This study examined the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to improve psychological well-being and life expectancy transgender individuals Isfahan city. An experimental study with pretest-posttest control group and the control and data analysis of multivariate covariance method is used. After sampling, based on acceptance and commitment therapy based on 8 sessions of one hour, twice a week on the experimental group and the control group received no training research. For this purpose, the 20 transgender individuals in the summer of 1395 on the basis of inclusion in the sampling method easy access Cholera selected randomly in two groups (n = 10) and control (n = 10) were replaced. Psychological well-being measurement tools in this research were: - Short Form Reef (1989). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment to increasing psychological well-being score four dimensions of psychological well-being and independence, Positive relations with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance (p>0/05). The results of this study can be based on acceptance and commitment therapy to increase psychological well-being of transgender people used.

Aim: The study aimed at determining the effective of acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention on marital distress, marital conflict, and optimism.
The study was formed of quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up. 24 married woman with marital problems who visited the counseling center of Imam Khomeini Relef were selected and randomized in to control and experimental group (n=12 for each group) . Research tools werer Marital Satisfaction Inventory -Revised (MSI-R), Marital Conflict Questionnaire-Revised (R-MCQ), and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). The experimental group participated in ten ACT group session. After the ending a posttest was carried out in both group. Multivariate ana of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to analyze the data.
Finding: The findings demonstrate that acceptance and commitment group therapy is effective on marital conflict (P According to the results, the use of ACT therapy recommended in reduce marital distress, marital conflict and increase optimism.

Lifestyle is one of the common variables in the field of sociology and psychology, which is related to the concepts of mental health.
The present study aims to investigate the comparison of life style and hardiness in divorced women in Iran (Tabriz) and Iranian women living in Finland (Helsinki).
A sample of 100 participants, include 50 Iranian (Tabriz) divorced women and 50 Iranian divorced women living in Finland (Helsinki) were selected. In this study, divorced women were selected by stratified random sampling and based on population ratio. This research was descriptive – comparative. The Kobasa hardiness questionnaire and life style questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using T test (for hypotheses with one component) and MANOVA test (for hypotheses with more than one component).
The result of T-test and MANOVA showed a significant difference in life style (F=3/17, sig= 0/03) and hardiness (F= 3/04, sig= 0/04) variables.
It can be concluded that the life style allow emotions, with hardiness can act as a supportive factor against stress and, in particular, the divorce stress.

The discussion about the formation of human`s conceptual and cognitive system has been ongoing throughout history and different theories have been presented in this regard. Among the theories that have been advanced during the last 3 decades, there are some well-known viewpoints that emphasize the role of human embedded information processing in the formation of conceptual and cognitive processes. It is believed that cognition is grounded and cognitive processing depends on the environment on the one hand and the bodily sensory- motor system on the other. Our aim in this article is to review some theories of knowledge acquisition in cognitive psychology and cognitive science as well as modality-specific and the so called amodal systems of knowledge representation in the mind.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of an uncomplicated initial schematic mediator in the relationship between personality and hardiness. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included students from Payame Noor University in Qom. 550 people were selected by sampling method as the sample of the study and completed 50 individual characters (Casta & McKerry, 1985), Initial Preparation Plans (Young, 1990) and theoretical Theory (Hardiness Institute, 1985). They did. The results of the path analysis showed that the research model had a good fit and 23% of the variance scheme of separation and subtraction through neuroticism, outsourcing, opening to experience, agreement and the task of identifiable explanation. Also, these disciplines and the separation schema were able to explain 30 percent of the tenacity variance. These results indicate that early primary compromise plans are related to personality and burning. Regarding the findings, it can be said that primitive initial-recipient characters and schemas play an important role in predicting student's hardiness.

The aim of current research which has been studying the multi-regression relations between five factor of personality with body image in applicants of cosmetic surgery in city of Isfahan. Correlation method has been applied and for that 315 people (77 men and 238 women) within the age range of 16 to 53 were selected from the available applicants of cosmetic surgery. In this research the Costa & McCrae's Revised NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI -1993) and the Cash's Multidimensional Body-Self Relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ - 1997) were used. the analysis was conducted through Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Findings have shown that there is a significant positive relation between personal characteristics and body image (p