مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 95، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1397)

Marital conflicts and subsequent divorce occur due to various factors that one of them is psychological factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive failure and alexithymia in marital conflicts of women exposed to divorce.
The current research is a correlation study. 100 women of applying divorce in Shiraz city were selected by convenience sampling and responded to the cognitive failure, alexithymia scale and marital conflict questionnaire. In analyzing the data, stepwise regression analysis was used.
The results showed that predictor variables could predict in positive and significant manner marital conflicts of women who exposed for divorce. In the first stage, alexithymia could explain about 23% of the variance of marital conflict and in the next stage, the predicted amount with adding cognitive failure increased to 32 percent (P Cognitive failure and alexithymia could be one of the reasons of marital conflicts in women exposed for divorce. So, training skills like these is essential for marriage.

Metabolic Syndrome is a collection of risk factors which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type II Diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between resistin levels and Metabolic Syndrome components.

This case control study was conducted on a subgroup of patients referred to the clinic of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. Serum sample from 76 person (38 healthy individuals and 38 patients with metabolic syndrome) were analyzed by Eliza for resistin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Association between serum resistin and levels of triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting blood sugar (FBS), waist circumference, body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was determined.

Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar and LDL cholesterol was significantly(P0.05).

Serum resistin levels are higher in people with metabolic syndrome than in healthy individuals end can be considered for the early detection and severity of this syndrome in the future.

Studies have shown that regular physical activity (exercising) has a critical role in improving physical and mental health of people in all age groups and reduces the dangers caused by non-communicable disease such as high blood pressure, overweight, severe obesity, and increased lipoprotein serum. In this survey, the aim of the study was to study the state of physical activity among middle-aged women and its barriers, constraints and its related factors such as job and BMI because of the effective role, which women play in providing health and hygiene for their families and the society.
The current study was a cross sectional research in which 220 middle-aged women (age range of 30-59) selected using convenience sampling, which visited the Health Clinic in Zarin Shahr. The data were gathered using two standard questionnaires designed by the Office of Middle Aged Health in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS and significant P- value was considered P The findings show that 57.2% of the elderly women had physical activity and 42.8 had no physical activity. There is a significant statistical relationship between job and physical activity. The level of physical activity among the employed women was less than those who are homemakers, P=0.015. There was no significant statistical relationship between BMI and physical activity P=0.769 and there was not much of a difference in terms of BMI between those who have and do not have physical activity (P>0.05).
Not having enough time, taking care of a child who is under 2 years of age, lack of motivation, and not awareness about the positive effects of physical activity on physical and mental wellbeing are the main reasons for not having suitable physical activity. Therefore, it is suggested that appropriate programs for improving women’s health, improving knowledge, attitude, and change of behavior among these people should be performed.

Zinc sulfate administered to correct zinc deficiency. Its oral administration has shown serious digestive side effects and sometimes it has led to the lack of use it. The main aim of the present study was to use lipophilic and hydrophilic polymers in production of sustained release zinc sulfate tabletsover an extended period of time.
Sustained release (SR) zinc sulfate tablets were prepared using either lipophilic-based matrix or hydrophilic matrix system or natural polymers by either hot-fusion (HF) granulation or direct compression (DC) method. Physical and chemical features of provided SR tablets including hardness, friability, and weight variation, disintegration time, swelling index, content uniformity and drug release behavior were evaluated. The drug concentration was assayed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 213.8 nm.
Most of the prepared formulations showed acceptable physicochemical properties. Among 30 formulations, SR tablets with lipophilic matrix-based showed more predictable release profiles compared to tablets prepared based on hydrophilic or natural matrixes. Tablets containing carnauba wax showed slower release while tablets with hydrogenated castor oil represented faster release profile. A few lipophilic matrix tablets containing zinc sulfate (110 mg), beeswax (or carnauba wax) and Avicel (or Emcompress) were selected as the optimum formulations showing release profiles based on USP criteria for lipophilic-based SR tablets. The mean dissolution time (MDT) and dissolution efficiency (DE8%) of selected formulations were 1.69-1.95 hr and 69.3-71.8%, respectively. Tablet hardness and granule size had no effects on release rate. The drug release kinetic followed Higuchi model.
Lipophilic based SR tablets of zinc sulfate is suggested as an alternative for capsule or syrup of the drug whichhave digestive side effects.

Postural abnormality of the spine associated with physiological, functional and psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks Pilates exercises on forward head, kyphosis and lordosis in women with cardiac patients after open-heart surgery.
22 women with heart disease were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental (n=11, mean and standard deviation, age 60.4±8.8 year, height 157.5±6 cm, weight 77.5±13 kg) and control group (n=11, mean and standard deviation, age 62.8±8.1 year, height 154.4±3 cm, weight 77.4±9.5 kg). The experimental group for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session began one hour to do Pilates exercises. Angle of the forward head was measured by special goniometer and kyphosis and lordosis angle value were measured by flexible ruler. The data were analyzed using the independent and paired t-tests.
Findings showed the significant improvement of the forward head angle (P0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in the average lordosis angle in the experimental group compared to the control group (P>0.05).
The results of this study can be concluded that Pilates exercise causes improved forward head posture in patients. So, it can be used as intervention training for this group of patients.

One third of male factors related to infertilities are basically unknown and it has been predicted to be most of the unknown infertilities based on genetic abnormalities. On the other hands, the effect of HLA-DRA genes on spermatogenesis has been shown recently. So, this study was aimed to assess the association of rs7192 polymorphic site of HLA-DRA gene on male infertility in Isfahan province of Iran.
100 infertile men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia as case group and equal numbers of fertile men as control individuals were selected. Genomic DNA of peripheral blood was extracted after the written consent was taken. rs7192 polymorphic site has been analyzed by ARMS-PCR method in the case and control groups.
According to the results, the frequency of G allele was higher in infertile men than the T allele; but, allele frequency differences was not significant between the case and control groups (OR=0.86, P=0.47). However, it has been shown that GG homozygous in comparison to TT homozygous show an increased risk of male infertility but it was not statistically significant (OR=1.47, P=0.4). In parallel, comparison of GG GT genotypes to TT ones was not also statistically significant between infertile and fertile men (OR=1.43, P=0.4).
Association study of polymorphic rs7192 did not show any significant relationship among men infertile with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia in Isfahan province of Iran.

One of the main problems of health is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Continous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on Left Ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients suffering from OSA.
The study is a quasi-experimental clinical trial. In this study, 32 patients who have OSA and diastolic dysfunction at the same time selected by convenience sampling. Based on the results of polysomnography and echocardiography, patients undergo a period of 3 and 6 months using CPAP. They were reevaluated for LV diastolic function parameters using echocardiography.
The evaluation of LV diastolic function parameters at the beginning and at the 3rd and 6th month of using CPAP shows that the late diastolic phase (Peak A) decreased and Premature ventricular diastolic filling rate during the phase values (Peak E), ventricular filling ratio of early to late phase during diastole E/A ratio and e' significantly increased (P The result of this study showed that after using CPAP in patients with OSA and LV diastolic dysfunction; the LV diastolic function parameters improved.

The present time evidences show that adherence of clinical guideline by cardiologists in Acute Coronary Syndrome is sub optimal. The aim of this studywas to investigate the extent adherence by cardiologists from clinical guidelines in acute coronary syndrome on admission in hospitals in Isfahan.
This cross sectional study was conducted on medical records of Acute Coronary Syndrome patients (unstable angina and myocardial infarction). The pharmacological adherence calculated from prescription of 4 recommended medications from clinical guidelines utilizing aspirin clopidogrel, beta blockers, statins, ACEI (angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor) or ARB (angiotensin II receptor blockers). Pharmacological adherence were divided into two groups of good-adherence equals or above %75 (4.3, 4.4) and poor- adherence below %75 (1.4, 2.4).
This research performed on 200 medical records of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients. On admission%99, %80, %58 and %96.5 of patients received antiplatelet, beta blockers, ACEI/ARB and statins, respectively. In general, the extent of pharmacological adherence to updated clinical guidelines on admission was%58.5 which was poor.
Poor adherence to updated clinical guidelines by cardiologists due to secondary prevention of ACS is very worrisome. It is necessary to investigate the reasons of non-adherence regarding aging society and the prevalence of cardiac disease.

Many of hypothyroid patients that are under treatment with levothyroxine. In spite of normal blood level of thyroid hormones, they are suffering of depression symptoms that show it is necessary the normal level of TSH be detected specifically related to depression.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 hypothyroid patients who referred to Endocrinology Clinic with levothyroxine with TSH levels of 0.5-5 MIU/L for more than one year. Laboratory surveys including TSH, T4 and T3 were performed. Beck depression questionnaire was completed for all patients by trained experts. Data were analyzed using MED CALC software and TSH cut-off values were determined based on depression by the Roc Curve test.
174 hypothyroid patients (Female: 116, Male: 58) with mean age 45.5±11.7 years old were entered to the study. According to Roc curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of TSH based on depression estimated 2.5 MIU/L with 89.66% sensitivity.
The present study suggested that a TSH cut-off value for treatment of depression in hypothyroid patients should be based on depression, not just based on population studies. Based on the assessment of depression, our study concludes that a TSH cut-off value of 2.5 MIU/L is optimal. This cut point can provide the greatest effect in terms of depression improvement and quality of life for these patients.

Recent advances in Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology provided more facilities for human to manipulate and alter any form of life. This technology has many useful applications in medicine, pharmacology, agriculture and industry. The most Important applications of biotechnology are: improving of inherited traits (plants and animals), production of new drugs in live bioreactors, creating models and patterns for the study of human diseases and organ transplantation. Like other technologies, it has own ethical considerations and Subsequently, it has come up with different ideas. So, it can be studied from different aspects of ethics.
This study is a review project. All data that presented in this study were collected from different sources and electronic databases.
Although some scientists opposite with some of biotechnology applications using scientific reasons, some are basically opposite with biotechnology in any form and application. Important protestations come from two groups: some religious and some secular. Religious group resist to alteration of life with this concept that any alteration in life using genetic engineering, insult to God decision, humanity and life. Secular also like religious have this belief or faith and assume genetic engineering and biotechnology as insult to humanity and life merit.
The analysis of the arguments of these two opponents based on the West ethical principles and the principles of Islamic ethics shows that using biotechnology with its ethical and scientific considerations toward life, not only insult to God decision, humanity and merit but also unusing of it in their concepts can reverse or violate humanity and merit.