Iranian Journal of Orthodontics
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Mar 2018

Context: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently published its “Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settings: Basic Expectations for Safe Care”, but information concerning compliance, occupational hazards, and specific recommendations for orthodontic facilities is less widely available.
Evidence Acquisition: We searched electronic English articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar databases (2010- May 2016) using various combinations of the key indexing terms.
95 articles were selected for comprehensive reading according to the inclusion criteria. Problems and difficulties for orthodontic offices in applying the recommendations have been divided into nine focus areas concerning the quality of supplies, the procedures necessary to adhere to the standard precautions of hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, sharps safety, orthodontic instrument reconditioning, cleaning and disinfecting clinical contact surfaces and dental unit water lines, and impression disinfection.
On the basis of our experience in a university department of orthodontics and private orthodontic offices, we believe that innovative thinking based on better knowledge, education and training, ergonomics, and task-specific, evidence-based guidelines and resources are required to improve compliance with infection control recommendations.

The effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) have been widely studied with classic bidimensional imaging.
The study aimed to determine immediate post-expansion effect of RME with three-dimensional imaging.
Computed tomography (CT) low dose scan records were taken for three patients before applying RME (T0), and immediately after the end of the active expansion phase (T1). For one patient a CT scan was available also at T2, at time of RME removal. Image analysis was done in 4 steps: segmentation of the face skull, model construction and exportation of .stl surface shells, cranial base superimpositions and colorimetric maps overlay.
There were differences in the bone adaptations to RME, but it was possible to identify some common trends in the three patients. All of the three patients showed a pattern of forward movement of the maxilla associated to the suture opening. Patients 1 and 3 demonstrated also a downward movement of the maxilla, which was not visible on patient 2. As a sagittal advancement of almost 6 mm, as visible in patients 1 and 3, was not possible due to growth in only two weeks, all bony changes could be attributed to the RME. For patient 1, the bony changes present at T1, were still present at T2, while the suture was closed.
A pattern of forward immediate displacement of the maxilla with respect to the cranial base was consistently noticed in three patients. The vomer bone maintained a connection with one half of the maxilla when the suture opened.

Non-extraction treatment protocols are better accepted by patients as well as clinicians. Among the techniques and mechanics with the potential to facilitate non-extraction treatment includes headgears, fixed sagittal correctors, transverse expansion screws and self-ligating systems.
To evaluate the intra-arch dimensional changes in moderate crowding cases, treated non-extraction with a passive self-ligating (Damon 3MX) appliance using digitized models and lateral cephalograms.
A total of 20 patients (age group of 15 - 18 years) who had undergone non extraction orthodontic treatment with the Damon 3MX appliance were selected. All the pre-treatment and post-treatment dental stone models of maxillary and mandibular arches were scanned using 3D digital scanner (Maestro 3D, Greatlakes, USA) and were converted into digital models. Various parameters undertaken were measured digitally on the computer in millimetres. Cephalometric tracings of pre and post treatment cephalograms were performed using digital cephalometrics (Nemo Ceph, version 6.0, Spain). Statistical analysis was performed using t-test.
More transverse expansion was observed in the region of 1st and 2nd premolars as compared to the inter-canine and inter molar region in maxillary and mandibular arch. However a decrease in arch depth was observed in maxillary arch but arch depth of mandibular arch was found to be increased. There was significant increase in anterior proclination in both maxillary and mandibular arches.
Passive self-ligating system causes a significant increase in transverse width in both maxillary and mandibular dental arches.

Severe skeletal class III malocclusions usually need a combined treatment of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Knowing about changes occurred following such treatments lead to improve facial esthetics and better treatment results.
This study was done to determine cephalometric changes of facial soft tissue after combined treatment in patients with skeletal class III problem.
25 patients with skeletal class III discrepancy who needed a combined treatment, were selected. Changes in nasolabial angle , upper lip and lower lip to E-line distance, angle of convexity , lip-chin-throat angle and lower anterior facial height were measured before and 6 - 12 months after surgery. Changes in parameters were analyzed with Paired t-test.
Upper lip to E-line distance (P Clinical changes in the soft tissue following a combination of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal class III discrepancy are significant while these changes mostly improves esthetics of patient’s facial profile.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of concomitant use of a facemask and a removable appliance and a removable appliance alone for antero-posterior expansion in Cl III children with maxillary deficiency.
In this retrospective analytical study, 21 Cl III children aged 8 - 10 years were selected using the census sampling technique. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the treatment modality. In group A, the subjects received an antero-posterior-expanding removable appliance and in group B, they received the same removable appliance concomitant with a facemask. Pre- and post-therapeutic cephalograms were analyzed and changes and angles on both images were determined. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the results of the two treatment modalities and before-after results respectively (α = 0.05).
Wits appraisal, overjet, ANB, U1-SN, U1-PP and A-B difference increased in both groups after treatment (P Use of a removable appliance alone or in combination with a facemask resulted in the forward movement of point A and protrusion of upper incisors. The removable appliance increased the anterior facial height and decreased overbite. A combination of facemask-removable appliance did not result in the backward and downward rotation of the mandible.

This research studied mechanical properties of silica-based nanocomposite as a strong restorative material through flexural test method.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight fraction, silanization and filler size on the flexural properties of silica-based dental nanocomposite.
The prepared composites were made of light-cured copolymer based on Bisphenol A glycolmethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and Triethylene glycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA) at proportion of 50:50 which reinforced by silica filler. The effect of silanization and weight fraction of the filler was studied with samples containing 10 wt% (n (10)), 20 wt% (n (20)) and 30 wt% (n (30)) nanosilica filler. Samples silanized with (γ-MPS) were also tested. Flexural properties were evaluated with Three-Point Bending test. Flexural strength of the nano SiO2 based composites were also compared to micro silica glass composites. Flexural data were analyzed with one-way analysis of the variance.
The sample with 10 wt% (n (10)) had equal strength as the sample with 30 wt% (n (30)) nanosilica filler. Modulus of the sample n (30) was higher than the other samples, but its toughness was significantly lower. Silanization had not expected positive effect on the flexural properties.
Adding low amount of nanosilica improved mechanical properties of the resin composite. Silanization of the particles enhanced workability of the paste, but mechanical properties decreased significantly. Reduction in the size of the filler to nano scale caused better flexural strength in comparison to micro glass silica composites.

Conventional molar distalization methods in maxillary arch require patient cooperation with headgear or elastics, which is really difficult. Therefore, numerous different intraoral procedures have been presented to reduce the need for patient cooperation. In line with such attempts, our aim is to present an implant-supported appliance for successful unilateral molar distalization. To this purpose, we used an appliance that was supported by two palatal implants. Treatment outcomes were assessed by making use of lateral cephalometric views and dental models. Findings suggest that our implant-supported appliance is effective in correcting unilateral class II molar relationship with minor side effects compared to other distalizing appliances.

Crowding is one of the popular complaints for undergoing treatment so far. The individual who has crowded teeth not only suffers from the unaesthetic appearance, but also with the functional deficiencies in form improper cleaning and gum related problems. Orthodontics is a boon for such people and with the advent of technological break through the correction of crowding is possible within no time with less pain and more comfort.
A 13-year-old male patient presented himself with the chief compliant of irregularly placed in the upper and lower front teeth. On examination, he had a convex profile with retrognathic mandible, posterior divergence. The intra oral examination revealed angle’s class I malocclusion with 4mm overjet and 5 mm of over bite. The upper anteriors were moderately crowded and the lower anteriors were severely crowded with an in-standing left lateral incisor. Lower dental midline was shifted to the left by 3mm.
The article shows the effective non extraction management of crowding case using self-ligating bracket system which otherwise with conventional bracket system would have been difficult to treat with the non-extraction treatment modality.