Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Jun 2017

Periodontitis is a microbial related inflammatory and prevalent disease causing destruction of tooth supporting tissues. A lot of bacteria are involved in the etiology of periodontitis. Three methods, including surgery, antibiotic therapy, and laser are the most important treatment methods available at the clinician’s disposal.
In this study, the Porphyromonas gingivalis was cultured in vitro in 20 plates. Then, the plates were divided into 2 sections: the 1st group, the examined group, consists of 15 plates and the 2nd group, the control group, consists of 5 plates. Colonies of Porphyromonas gingivalis were counted using a light microscope. Then, the photosensitizing agent (Methylene Blue 1%) was added to test group plates. Furthermore, the examined plates were treated by 810nm, 0.9W laser for 5, 10, 15, and 30 seconds. Colonies were counted separately and recorded accordingly, then, before, and after treatment.
To compare before and after treatment, paired t-test, and for quantitative comparison of groups, (K2) square were used. The intervention group was treated and the laser was irradiated for 5, 10, 15, and 30 seconds. After 5 seconds, the colonies reduced significantly and after 15 seconds all Porphyromonas gingivalis were disappeared. In controls, which were not exposed to the laser beam, the colonies of Porphyromonas gingivalis almost remained without change.
This study showed that photodynamic therapy in the in vitro situation decreased the number of colonies of Porphyromonas gingivalis significantly after 10 seconds and eliminated them after 15 seconds.

Some of the disadvantages of the heat-cured acrylic resins include high porosity, high water absorption, volume changes, and a lot of residual monomer. The development of polymer chemistry produced different kinds of materials such as polyamide, Acetal resins, and etc. Recently, polyamide materials are widely used in the manufacture of denture base. Denture bases made from this material are more flexible than conventional PMMA. There is a direct relationship between surface roughness (as a result of polishing) and the retention of microbial plaque. This study compared the surface roughness of 2 polyamide materials with a heat-cure acrylic resin.
A total of 60 wax samples (30 × 15 × 4 mm) were made. For preparation of PMMA specimens, 20 of the samples were heated in the 165°F water bath for 9 hours. Other 40 wax samples were used for the preparation of polyamide samples (TCS and VAL), according to the factory instructions. Polyamide samples were heated for 11 minutes at 274°C- 293°C and then, injection was done for them. After finishing and polishing, the thickness of the samples decreased to 3 mm. Roughness was measured by a stylus profilometer (the length of the cutoff = 0.8 mm and speed of pen movement 0.5mm/s randomly in 3 regions of each sample. The t-test was used for a statistical analysis.
There is a significant difference between surface roughness of heat-cure acrylic resin with polyamide materials (P 0.05). The surface roughness of all specimens was higher than the threshold level (0.2 µ).
Due to the high surface roughness of polyamide materials, the use of polyamide materials cannot be recommended for the construction of permanent appliance. Surface roughness of heat-cure acrylic resin of Meliodent (PMMA) was higher than the accepted standard.

The present study aimed at comparing the serum concentration of nitric oxide (NO) after 4 weeks of aerobic activity at 2 different intensities in overweight males.
For this purpose, 20 inactive obese males between 25 and 35 years old were randomly selected as subjects. Their body mass index (BMI) was 29.9 ± 3.04. They were randomly divided to 2 moderate (n = 10) and high (n = 9) intensity groups. They exercised in accordance of specific instructions and were observed by the researcher. Blood samples were collected 3 times: first, in the morning after an overnight fast, second, after the first session, and third, immediately after 4 weeks of exercise. Concentration of nitric oxide serum was measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Impedance analysis (Body state) was used to determine the body composition. The collected data were analyzed by statistical analysis using dependent t-test and independent t-test analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at P There was no difference in concentration of nitric oxide serum in the moderate intensity group, after exercise for 4 weeks (P = 1.0). Concentration of nitric oxide serum in the high intensity group was significantly higher after 4 weeks (P = 0.004) and in comparison with the moderate intensity group (P = 0.004).
It seems that short-term aerobic activity with moderate intensity does not induce a concentration of nitric oxide serum in overweight males while nitric oxide increases during a similar period at high intensity.

The current study aimed at assessing the effect of oral sildenafil citrate on postobstructive diuresis and urinary electrolyte changes after resolution of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO).
Twenty-eight adult Munich-Wistar male rats were subjected to the surgical-induced BUO for 24 hours. In intervention group (n = 14) sildenafil citrate 200 mg/kg food was administered from the operation day for 72 hours, while in control group (n = 14) no drug was used. Daily urinary volume, urine sodium (mEq/day), potassium (mEq/day), and osmolality (mOsm/kg H2O) were measured on the day before BUO and for 2 days after BUO release.
In comparison to the control group, postobstructive diuresis was significantly lower in the sildenafil group (P value Oral sildenafil citrate significantly decreased postobstructive diuresis and preserved urine sodium and osmolality near normal. These 2 effects mean a better preservation of renal function, while preventing pathological postobstructive diuresis.

Among the factors effective on the mental health of individuals, family is one of the most important. Hospitalization of a member of the family might cause anxiety and mental problems. Seeking spiritual support, belief in God, and praying are some of the methods that the family members may adopt to deal with the stressors.
The present study is an attempt to survey the effects of spiritual-religious intervention on anxiety level in the family members of patients in the ICU ward.
The study was carried out as a semi-experimental study in which 34 family members of critically ill patients in ICU took part. The subjects were selected through convenient sampling and randomly grouped in intervention (n = 17) and control (n = 17) groups. The subjects in the intervention group received religious-spiritual intervention through a course with eight group meetings (45 - 60 minutes; three times a week). Anxiety of the participants was measured using Spielberger’s Test Anxiety Inventory before and after the intervention. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS (V.20).
There was a significant difference in anxiety scores of the intervention group before and after the intervention (P The findings indicated effectiveness of the spiritual-religious intervention on attenuation of anxiety in the family members of patients in the ICU. Therefore, nurses in ICU can utilize such inexpensive methods to decrease anxiety in the family members of patients.

Self-criticism is one of the personal characteristics that led to the inability to communicate properly with others, and as a result of this feeling, people blame themselves constantly.
This study was aimed to comprise the self-criticism in patients with obsessive-compulsive as well as major depression disorders and normal individuals.
Study methodology was a casual-comparative of post ex facto type. The study population included all patients with major depression and obsessive-compulsive referred to psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric clinics, private and public centers of counseling, psychological services, and normal people. The present study consisted of 20 people with major depression, 20 people with obsessive-compulsive, and 40 normal people who were selected by purposive sampling method. To analyze the data, ANOVA was used.
Its results showed that the difference between the study groups in self-criticism was statistically significant. Scheffe post hoc test results showed that there is a significant difference between depressed and healthy groups, obsessive-compulsive and healthy groups, as well as depressed and obsessive-compulsive groups. Furthermore, the average self-compulsive in the depressed group is higher compared to other groups.
Self-criticism is one of the traits vulnerable to depression; this trait not only causes depression, but is also affected by the symptoms of depression.

Through the diagnostic decision support systems, potential patients or those who are on the threshold succumbing to a disease can be diagnosed early; thus, the prevention of unnecessary angiography for people not suffering from the coronary-artery disease as well as its dangers and costs can be avoided. The present study aimed at the efficiency evaluation of a multilayer perceptron neural network based on the number of hidden layers and nodes to diagnose coronary heart disease.
A fundamental analysis was conducted on the provided data related to 13,228 patients who had undergone coronary angiography and the database (nine risk factors including age, gender, BMI, body fat, family history, smoking, blood cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure) was investigated in this research using SPSS statistics (17.0) and R (2.13.2) software. In the next stage, through utilizing MATLAB (R2014a), 1332 different MLP neural networks were created.
Based on the largest area under the ROC curve, the best model of MLP neural network was selected involving two hidden layers; the first layer had 34 and the second one had 18 hidden nodes. This model had the highest efficiency of 82% in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
The obtained results demonstrated that the MLP makes an acceptable approach to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients without the need for performing angiography. The development of this model will result in creating an algorithm for decision support systems to diagnose coronary artery disease, as well.