نشریه علوم و فنون منابع طبیعی
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار 1394)

This study was to investigate the the effect of nano-cellulose on the strength of CMP pulp and paper was produced of it. In this study, in order to supply CMP pulp Mazandaran wood and paper mill was prepared. Nano-cellulose in five levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 %) of handsheets of 60 g were made and eventually physical and mechanical properties produced manufactured paper and a level of control, was tested on handsheets paper. With increasing nanocellulose, tensile strength, burst strength, air resistance, brightness and whiteness than the control samples 10.9, 12.5, 23.6, 0.6, 3.5 and 6.8% incresed. With the increase of nanocellulose tear strength, roughness, opacity, compared to the control 10.4, and 11.1, 0.6 % decresed.

One of the newest ways cause investigate amount and kind a lot of environment pollutant is use of natural biotracer.in the region humid ,yearly one layer wood added to trees ,that therein registered condition vegetation same year. And are a good case for bio tracer the length of time. Therefore to try in this research that of poplar tree that culture with plenty in around lead and zinc factory Zanjan as use bio tracer and demonstrate procedure contamination soil around this factory.to this same reason two trees became provide of the length 5 and 10km of lead and zinc factory. The meanwhile to be accomplished sampling of soil adjacent each tree.in the wood sample annual circle declared age and separate with together. The concentration lead and zinc determinate in each one of annual circle and soil sample. The results demonstrate that amount of pollutant both in total of soil sample and wood sample in neighbor of factory was upper than other samples. The amount of lead and zinc in the annual circle poplar tree in each two sample demonstrate going increase since 1993 until 2012.the meanwhile statistical analysis ,demonstrate meaningful correlation between amount lead and zinc and case study years with reliability one percent. This research demonstrate that amount lead and zinc in the soil ,accordingly amount lead and zinc in the plant case study additive every year. The meanwhile discussions movement pollutant between circle to be rejected with due attention to statistics conclusion. Because amount correlation is not meaningful in interruption studied. Therefore we can result that poplar used for bio tracer for soil pollutant to lead and zinc in that region observe our study.

Gilan province is located in north of Iran with more than 14 thousand km2 area. Lahijan city is one the most beautiful city with a lot of tourism attractive and unique landscape in this area. That is located in north of Deilaman. Lahijan city is end from north to Caspian Sea, from east to Langrood city, from south to Deilaman city, from southern west to Siyahkal city, and from west to Astaneh Ashrafiyeh city. From geographical aspect this city is located in mountainside area. And all foothills are covered by Tea plants. This research is done with goals of “determine ecotourism potential of Lahijan city, planning for define and establishing tourism facilities in the city, determine and priority tourism centers, scrutiny reactions between tourism, economic, social and environmental aspect, also determine Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats factors for keeping diversity of Lahijan city by using SWOT method”. At the end of this research ST1 strategy is define as the best of all (check of geology, destroy natural area, make illegal mini cities and habitat destruction) by taking the most score is the first and the most important strategy.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Boric Acid-Borax as a fire
retardant treatment and Isocyanate as a bond reinforce on water adsorption and thickness swelling of plywood. Industrial Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) veneers (2.2 mm thick) obtained and treated with Boric acid-Borax in 2 levels (3 and 6 percent). The plywood was made by modified Urea formaldehyde adhesive, by Isocyanate in 4 levels (0, 2, 5 and 10 percent). After conditioning, water adsorption and thickness swelling of the boards were determined after 2 and 24 hours soaking time. The results showed that the boric acid-borax was increased water adsorption and thickness swelling, but UF/isocyanate adhesive decreased the factors. It was revealed that the modification of UF by isocyanate was improved the water adsorption and thickness swelling.

Castor plant with scientific name of (Ricinus Commutnisl) which belongs to (Euphorbiacene) family (Mahdavi,1378) is an unwoody plant that it's stem residuum can be used in paper production industry and wooden multi structures after using in petrochemical , pharmaceutical, cosmetic and hygienic industries .But optimal use of this unwoody biological material requires cognition of it's Anatomical and Morphological Features.A number of castor stems were sampled randomly from khajeh castle in khouzastan state and their anatomical features were studied in 3 levels, namely, longitudinal, lateral, and radial and anatomicability and coding of castor wooden stems based on Ayvia International Committee features that is specific of anatomical analyzing of trees wood and shrubs show that this plant structure is very similar to broad leaved wooden trees in term of anatomical features. Also, morphological features including fibre length and thickness and biometry factor derived from it (conjugate index, Rankol index, flexibility index) with 3 height (%5,%50,%75) were studied and it's result were compared by statistical scheme. Results showed that relation of conjugate index (fibre diameter ratio to fibre length) in small stems of castor are less than agricultural fibres. As a result, it is predicated that produced paper from these stems have not desirable resistance to laceration ,but it's Rankel index relation (twice of wall thickness to fiber diameter ratio) was near to broadleaved range and many nonwooden plants and consequently, it is expected that produced paper has accepted resistance to strain , cracking and folding.

The planting of tree species in empty and destroyed places of north forests and helping
natural regeneration play an important and specific role .The present research has been done to study qualitative and quantitative parameters of forest – planting stands of forest pine in a place – named Veisar forest. 14 sample pieces of square forms with the dimensions of 10*10 using random systematic method were chosen to study in this region and inside each piece of sample, the quantitative parameters such as: height, diameter at breast height , pruning height and also the qualitative condition of trees such as :crown symmetry , crown health , the qualitative condition of trunk, culm curvature and the condition of tree trunk fiber were measured , and finally the soft – wares of Excel & SPSS were used to calculate and getting results from data. The obtained results indicate that hight & diameter growth average of stands have been 0/94 and 58 cm in a year , respectively . Also, the yearly volume growth average has been about 8/95 cube m / hectare. Also, the results indicate that most of bases have good qualitative condition. Most of its bases are fresh and they have clear trunk forms and crown symmetrical forms. Regarding ecological nature of forest pine spices and physical climate conditions of this region, it appears that the choice of this species has been done correctly.

This research is going to study this theory from the perspective of the science of Anatomy of the wood and the responses to it. Therefore, in order to three wooden disk of the three mature trees, and small cubic samples were converted. Then by thin samples of microscopic Micron slices which they prepare and after staining with Sfranin, Astrablu and Canada balsam on the Lam, glass established and according to the microscopic characteristics of hardwood provided by the Committee (IAWA) were described.As well as morphological specimens were prepared in accordance with the method of fiber length up to Franklin, cell wall thickness and diameter of the fiber was determined by the cavity. The results of this study showed the some differences between tamariskand saltytamarisk. Some differences are the presence of tyloses and its abundance in tamarisk. But there is no any tyloses in salty tamarisk. The vessels in tamarisk are semi-ring porous wood but in salty tamarisk are ringporous wood. The vessel arrangement in tamarisk are solitary but in salty tamarisk are multiple (two) and alternative intervessel pits, scalariform and Presence of Gums in salty tamarisk is remarkable.