نشریه علوم و فنون منابع طبیعی
سال دهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1394)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fire on some soil chemical properties (pH, EC, %N, %OC, P, K, CEC) in the plantation of loblolly pine (pinus teada) in Shafaroud region (Series 19 Pilembera). in this study, 10 soil samples for each area (a total of 20 samples) randomly picked up and transferred to the soil laboratory. In order to evaluate and compare the results of the parameters measured in the fire area and without fire test nonpaired T-test was used. The results showed that the fire was increasing (pH, CEC, EC, P and %N) and reducing (K, %OC and C/N) soil. The fire on the parameters pH, CEC, EC, %OC, C/N at 95 percent was significant effect and on the parameters P, K, %N at 95 had no significant effect.

Ecotourism is the travel to pristine, natural and protected areas. Ecotourism causes increase in visitor's knowledge, providing resources for protection, furnishing direct resources for social, economical development and political empowerment for the local community and respecting to various cultures and human rights. The Kashpel Forest Park is located in the distance of 2.5 Km of Chamestan in Noor province. The objective of this
research is about the impact of this park on both cultural and social development and growth in the city of Chamestan. this research is conducted in both field study and library research method(desk study). Data collection is done by questionnaire in the format of Likert scale. 200 families are chosen by Cochran's formula as samples in random sampling. The research reliability is calculated 72 percent by Cronbach's alpha. Chi-squared test under SPSS ver17 software is used for data analysis. The results show that ecotourism growth in Kashpel Forest Park causes change in people's attitude toward lifestyle, reducing migration, increasing knowledge to natural resources, protection of Forest in cultural and social development and growth in the city of Chamestan.

In this study, two varieties of sugarcane CP69-1062 and CP48-103 (Saccharum officinarum) in three different height lower, middle and upper anatomical and morphological were investigated. The results showed parenchymal vascular bundles with relatively thick walls, the thickness of the cell-vascular spiral ring, Pitt spotted by rinsing the walls phloem and the epidermis of the skin clear and there Prydrm. But from the perspective of the Cp69 morphological index fiber length in height (first and second) 1/54 highest and the indices fiber diameter, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness and the Runkel index Cp48, respectively, with the numbers 25/38, 15/18, 5 / 13, 1/17 in the middle height, had the highest.

Climate change and global macro environment has caused many problems. Considered one of the most important urban green space development strategies to control and reduce the crisis is known. The key to success in creating a green space suitable species selection and environmentally sustainable city. This study aimed to select the most appropriate tree and shrub species for planting in urban green space, the city of Chalus in Mazandaran province. This study considering all factors influencing the choice of the most suitable options can be selected and Prioritization respectively. Species proposed in this study, hazel, oak, hackberry, oak, maple, Holly, Holly bags, Hmyshak, ferns are designed to increase the accuracy in selecting appropriate species of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used. According to result Ironwood rating is 14.41 appropriate proposals. Oak and hackberry trees then also with a score of 12.95 and 12.89 respectively were the best. Ferns also had the lowest score with a score of 7.84.

The forest biomass represents the power production per unit area or time. This parameter is highly correlated with fertility, habitat, and growth rate and forest products. As the process of photosynthesis to produce organic matter, the leaves are done. Caspian beech forests of northern Iran as one of the commercial species, the forest forms the climax.Estimating of caspian beech leaf Biomass, one of the main indicators of scientific management of the species.This study Estimation of leaf Biomass of Caspian beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the forests of East Guilan province.35 beech trees in the 7 plots (each plot 5 trees) randomly, for estimating of leaf biomass were selected by direct measurement. All leaf cutting from the crown of trees (in terms of one-eighth to one-fourth of the crown and canopy) was separated and in laboratory oven with a temperature of 65 ° C for 48 hours wereand leaf dry weight was calculated as the balance. The diameter at breast height (greater than 7.5 cm), tree height, crown height, crown diameter, large and small, crown area and crown volume were measured. The results showed that the average dry weight of 3342 kg per hectare and average leaf beech trees look wet weight of leaf, 8488 kg per ha. Most correlations between parameters (with the highest coefficient of determination, standard error, and distribution least suitable), the beech tree crown volume (m3) (R2 = 0/983) and beech trees leaf dry weight (kg) are. The best model to predict the dry weight of the beech trees through direct measurement of the equation DLB = 6.751Ln (CV) that IS DLB (dry leafbiomass) and CV (canopy volume.

Landslide A mass movement range is influenced by various factors Humanities _Hydrological , climate created by the constant presence of elements such as water, ice and air resonance and geomorphological phenomenon as one of the causes of injuries and damages in the range of the urban and rural. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the method of AHP in landslide and landslide hazard zonation mapping is Tutkabon. In this research, library studies, factors of slope, away from roads and drainage network, land use, geology, lithology and cover an area as important factors in landslide occurrence were identified. Then these data layers in a GIS environment using the software provided and each of the weight classes were determined by AHP. Weight each of the criteria involved in research, including 3938/0 lithology, Slope 0.2766, Geology 0.2246, steep direction 0.2067, Coverage 0.1089, Land use 0.0621, Rivers 0.0333 and Privacy road0.0331 Obtained. The weights are then applied in layers information and map landslide was produced and Subsequently, after the field visit, five samples in areas prone area selected and the criteria in these areas for Paired sample area 2 because the highest weight for the construction of a dry port, as the landslide the most talented area were selected.

Climate change and global warming as a result of increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases is considered as one of the main challenges of sustainable development. Carbon sequestration by plant and soil is the easiest and the most practical strategy to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon. In the present research to investigate and compare the potential of carbon sequestration in two species included Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon spp, a part of a rehabilitated area by these two species within the area of Carbon Sequestration International Project, Hossein Abad Ghinab, Sarbisheh Township located in South Khorasan Province was selected as the study area. Plant Sampling was done from the aerial and terrestrial biomass parts of the two study plants separately (leaf, stem and root). Similarly in order to determine the amount of carbon sequestration in soil, soil sampling was carried out from two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm in the place of 10 profiles and different physical and chemical characteristics of soil were measured. The results of statistical analysis indicated that the amount of carbon sequestration in soil by Haloxylon spp and Atriplex canescens were 99.8 and 86.8 ton/ha respectively. Also based on the results, the amount of carbon sequestration in depth of 0-30 cm was more than depth of 30-60 cm in both stands. Furthermore the amount of soil carbon sequestration in depth of 0-30 cm by Haloxylon spp stand was more than Atriplex canescens. The results of analysis correlation between physical and chemical characteristics of soil and soil carbon sequestration showed that organic carbon, organic material, Phosphorus, potassium, electrical conductivity, bulk density and nitrogen, respectively, are the most important components influencing carbon sequestration in soil in Atriplex canescens stand. Similarly, Organic carbon, organic matter, bulk density, potassium and nitrogen, respectively, were the most important factors affect soil carbon sequestration in Haloxylon spp stand. Total carbon sequestration by Haloxylon spp and Atriplex canescens were estimated 364.32 and 107.64 kg/ha respectively. On the other hand, based on the results of estimation for the amount of carbon sequestration in plant organs which was done for each of the two study species, it was concluded that the portion of different organs of plants in carbon sequestration was different, so that the highest and the lowest amount of carbon sequestration were measured in the stem and leaves of both study species. Total Carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere by Haloxylon spp and Atriplex canescens were 1337 & 395 kg per hectare, respectively. Regarding the total area of the study area (400 ha.) this amount was estimated 346400 kg per hectare during the 4 study years of this research.