نشریه پژوهش های دستوری و بلاغی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

In order to investigate the theory of the "time of narrative" of the Genette and the approach of evaluating this theory in interacting with Golestan's stories, this research has been refocused on some of its short stories. Regarding the components of the gentile narrative time in Golestan, we have to separate the natural and logical timeliness of order and, in the discussion of the order of time, we examine the two separately. There were also different developments in each narrative that led us to use the definition of mother narrative and narrative of reason. The occurrence of outsourcing and the occurrence of introversion are other definitions that can be used to explain the difference in the time and speed of story and narrative. In the frequency study as one of the components of the theory, the similarity frequency, which was previously used in a paper titled "Time and Narration", was introduced in explaining the validity of the narrative frequencies. This research has been conducted through a descriptive-analytic method in which the beginning of the discussion has been based on the theory of "time and being", such as the theories of Husserl, Schutze and Heidegger. On this basis, it can be said that Sadi's speech in Golestan is more complete than the theorem due to well-thought-out arguments.

Sensuality as one of the archetypes in Persian literature has a long history of use. The origin of this form, from the forms of imagination, is one of the basic principles of thinking in Asharite's words, namely denying causality and believing in the absolute power of the right to the world and the violation of apparent causes. In this research, a sensational study is carried out in Rumi's Masnavi. At first, sensory types are distinguished from the point of view of the syntactic structure and the way in which certain senses are combined, and then sensual types in the masnavi based on the combination of senses (which are replaced by two senses of apparent pentagons or a combination of an abstract with the characteristic of one's senses Is apparent). Rumi has used sensuality to portray, translate meaning and influence on the audience, and this beautiful artistic stroke has doubled his word.

Synesthesia is one of the visualization techniques in which the affairs related to one of the senses are blended with sense-related matters of another sense. This method can be observed in Persian poetry occasionally in some periods and frequently in others. One of the periods during which this method has been welcomed by poets is the modern era and some poets like Forough Farrokhzad, Sohrab Sepehri, and Shafii Kadkani benefitted from this approach.
In this paper, the use of synesthesia in Shafii Kadkani poetry was analyzed. To this end, some samples from his collection of poetry “Ayenei Baraye Sedaha” (A Mirror for Sounds) and “Hezareh Dovom Ahoye Kohi” (the Second Millennium of Deer) and the poems published in numbers 74, 92, and 98 of the magazine Bokhara were extracted, classified and analyzed. High frequency of samples, mostly creative and original in nature, proves this approach to be a stylistic feature of Shafii Kadkani poetry. In the compounds, from among the five senses, sight is presented most abundantly and the most dramatic combinations are provided intermingling colors, specifically the ‘green’ color, with other senses. This issue is closely related to some intellectual background of Shafii’ s poetry like naturalism, interest in mysticism and Sufi literature as well as the spirit of hope, enthusiasm, and vitality in the poems.

Linguistic groups have evolved from ancient Persian to present-day Persian dialects, in which phonological change and evolution are one of the most important changes in this article. It attempts to determine the phonological and semantic evolution in the book Behaghi's history is to be portrayed as one of the prominent Khorasani style prose in the fifth century. Due to the close proximity of Beihaqi's history to the Middle Persian (Pahlavi), many of the phonetic features of the Pahlavi language have been preserved in themselves, and have come to terms with such words as, obvious, paternity, and ... without any changes. The methodology used in this research was descriptive-librarian. Phonological variations in terms of: reduction, discretion, increase, integrity, and integration have shown that the greatest process of this change has been straightforward. In the evolution of the meaning of the verse in this article, the words will encounter a number of evolutionary situations. They are abandoned or, in addition to the meaning of the past, have taken a new meaning. In the semantic transformation of sentences, they are often used in their unrealistic and conditional sense and in sentences They have come to the scene

Study of poetry linguistically Examines signs verbal poetry in various devices. By examining the various language elements analyzes structural linguistics, semantics matters in all aspects of language. And puts a devices prosody, phonetic, lexical, syntactic and rhetorical text for meaning and Literature. The purpose of this research Reviews these devices on the structure and content of poetry And the role of each in balancing and literary text. Accordingly, The result of this rebalancing and Forgranding patterns in the poem "shoghe didar" the mentioned devices, shows that Aminpoor in the prosodic and phonetic, linguistic, make more efforts has to create music to express their feelings and thoughts. he rhetorical device, Prsonoficasion could cause Forgranding and the mobility of imagination and thought the poet. In this sonnet, coherent and coordinated structure and content working together elements of phonetic, lexical, syntactic, semantic and rhetorical throughout the tissues of poetry.

Highlighting various topics and methods are put forth a word, one of the issues in grammar, linguistics and rhetoric is raised. One of the characteristics of Persian language is that all forms of the word be emphatic. During written books on grammar, usually refers in passing to methods that have been put forth for the kind words. Sometimes articles have been written in the papers, case study methods emphasize a swear word will be discussed. In the present study emphasize a kind word to a number of methods based on research that has already been mentioned in this regard.

Although the romanticism is a kind of literary school belonging to a particular literary period, But with care in features such as "Naturalism", "Imagination", "Loving" and "Attention to the inside," we realize that the scope has a long-term human thought. The role of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) as one of the founders of romanticism is very influential and his "Confessions" is a kind of autobiography based on the school of romanticism. Victor Frankl (1905-1997), an Austrian philosopher and psychologist, presented the theory of " logotherapy" after the shocking experience of the Nazi forced labor camp, " Auschwitz," in which human beings It can be interpreted differently from the events of life and with one another looking at events, and thus a new meaning of life. The point that both Rousseau and Frankl emphasize and are conceived in the context of naturalism is drawing the attention of the reader to the damage caused by civilization, which Frankl calls "an existential vacuum" Let's Among the common components between Rousseau's romanticism and Frankl's logotherapy, we can mention things like "Attention to Nature" and "Loving". This article attempts to present logotherapeutic to Rousseau's "Confessions" using the content analysis methodology.

This essay has compared Sadi's Shirazi 50 Ghazal with Shafiei Kadkani's work "Ghazal Baray Gol Aftabgardan" (ode for sun-shade flower) which is circulated in line of love .It, also,has analyzed in the case of likened ,vehicle, repetition in similes and ways of renewing similes too. The comparative analysis of this two represented of yester and today is revealing collision of two vision and two experience in the field of similes. Thus, the essay clears extent of initiative and imitation of poets by classifying elements, adjusting , analyzing similes and giving graphs . By this comparing and studying ,we found out that likened in Shafiei Kadkani's book and vehicle in the selected Ghazal's of Sadi possessed more variety and multiplicity. Numerous likened means more thoughts and ideas which causes extensiveness of subject,While the numerous vehicle means more contents, exaggeration as well as hyperbole. Additionally in this essay we found that Sadi has used comparative simile ,implicit simile, tying up and synonyms in order to remove his repetition of likeneds. On the contrary, Shafiei Kadkani has chosen tying up likened and the accompanying with other beauty products to get rid of repetition for his imagination made up new similes.He benefited of less the ancient techniques such as antithetical and comparatve similes and etc. To remove repetition of vehicle,Shafiei Kadkani used making fine the simile that is an innovative work , while Sadi did not pay attention to it.