Iranian Journal of War and Public Health
Volume:10 Issue: 39, 2018

Aims: The Neuro-linguistic Programming approach (NLP) refers to a distinct connection between neurological and linguistic procedures and behavioral patterns learned through planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training neuro-linguistic programming strategies on self-efficiency, sport self-confidence, and performance of athletes with disabilities and veterans.
In this semi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group, 30 veterans and physically-injured athletes, who were members of 2 sitting volleyball teams (Gostaresh-e-Foolade Tabriz and Shahrdarye Tabriz) were selected by purposeful sampling method and divided in experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The instruments used in this study included general self-efficiency scale, sport confidence questionnaire, and Smith and Hanford functional test. All participants trained special skills during 24 sessions over 2 months. The experimental group, besides specific volleyball exercises, completed 18 sessions (each session took 30 minutes), practicing neuro-linguistic programming strategies. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23, using multivariate covariance analysis and dependent sample t-test.
Findings: In the experimental group, sport confidence (F=33.47) and general self-efficiency (F=41.69) were significantly higher than the control group, and 65.0% and 69.5% of the changes in sport confidence and general self-efficiency were explained by NLP strategies (p Training neuro-linguistic programming strategies increases self- efficiency, sport self-confidence, and performance of athletes with disabilities and veterans.

Aims: Individuals faced with an injury do not have the flexibility approach in dealing with stress and do not seek a new meaning for life. Regarding the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on cognitive flexibility and meaning of life in individuals faced with mine explosion leading to maim.
In this experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group, 40 people faced with mine explosion leading to maim, who were supported by martyr foundation of Gilan-e-Gharb in the first half of 2017, were randomly selected, using simple sampling method. They were divided into the experimental and control groups, each consisting of 20 people. A cognitive flexibility questionnaire and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) were used for data collection. Eight sessions of self-compassion training were performed for the experimental group. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 21 software by multivariate covariance analysis.
Findings: After modifying the pre-test scores, the mean scores of cognitive flexibility (F=11.22) and sub-components of perception of control (F=13.16), perception of several solutions (F=5.64) and mean scores of meaning in life (F=13.24), and the sub-components of the current meaning in life (F=3.78) and search for meaning in life (F=19.07) were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (p The treatment focused on self-compassion was effective for improving the cognitive flexibility and meaning in life in people faced with mine explosion leading to maim.

Aims: The sensitivity of behavioral activation and inhibition systems can play a role in the continuation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Regarding the importance of this issue, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the impulsivity and experiential avoidance of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder based on the activation and behavioral inhibition systems.
Instrument & In the present descriptive correlational study, 120 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorders, hospitalized in Isar Psychiatric Hospital in Ardabil were selected, using available sampling method in 2017. The data were collected, using Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems Scale, Impulsivity questionnaire, and Acceptance and Action questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis
Findings: A total of 65.4% of the experiential avoidance variance and 79.1% of the impulsivity variance of veterans with PTSD were determined by behavioral activation and inhibition systems (p=0.001). Behavioral inhibition system (β=0.167) and sensitivity to reward (β=0.66) predicted experiential and avoidance significantly (p The sensitivity of the behavioral activation and inhibition systems increases the experiential avoidance and impulsivity in the veterans with PTSD. Thus, by reducing the activity of brain/behavioral systems, it is possible to modulate experiential avoidance, impulsivity, and PTSD symptoms in veterans.

Aims: By assessing the users’ satisfaction with prosthesis and prosthetic services, it is possible to modify the service providing structure and increase satisfaction with the delivery of services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the users’ satisfaction with prosthesis and prosthetic services in Tehran.
Instrument and materials: In this descriptive study with scrolling method, 388 users referred to Method Co. in Tehran, including those who received prosthesis and used the prosthetic services, were selected by census sampling method from the beginning of December 2014 to the end of January 2015. To assess the users’ satisfaction with prosthesis and its services, the standard Orthotics Prosthetics Users Survey (OPUS) and telephone interview technique were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software, using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, t-test, independent sample t-test, and Scheffe's post hoc test.
Findings: The satisfaction level with device was 45.5% and the satisfaction level with service was 66.2%. The satisfaction with device was assessed at a low level and the satisfaction with services was assessed at a high level. The highest level of satisfaction with device and services was in the illiterate group. Satisfaction with services among 5 groups showed a significant difference (p=0.001).
Users’ satisfaction with prosthetic services is more than their satisfaction with prosthesis. Users are not highly satisfied with the device (prosthesis), while their satisfaction level is relatively high with services that relates to human performance engaged in communication and customer-oriented principles. The higher the education levels of the users, the lower the levels of satisfaction with the device.

Aims: Studies have shown that the perception of God and life expectancy are important in adapting to chronic diseases and their consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of perception of God and life expectancy among the veterans with spinal cord injuries, chemical veterans, and ordinary people.
Instruments & The present study was a causal-comparative study conducted in Urmia in 2016. 30 veterans with spinal cord injuries were selected by census method, 50 chemical veterans were randomly selected and 50 ordinary people were selected by cluster sampling. The research instruments were perception of God Scale and Miller's Hope Questionnaire (MHS). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance analysis, multivariate analysis of variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test, using SPSS 22 software.
In the total score of perception of God, there was a significant difference between chemical veterans and ordinary people (p=0.001). In the challenge component, there was a significant difference between chemical veterans and ordinary people (p=0.003) and between veterans with spinal cord injuries and ordinary people (p=0/011). Also there was a significant difference in life expectancy between two groups of chemical veterans and veterans with spinal cord injuries (p=0.007).
There is a difference between the level of perception of God and the life expectancy among the veterans with spinal cord injuries, chemical veterans, and ordinary people.

Aims: One of the factors damaging the family structure is the disability of a family member. Disability can be caused by events such as war; it may sometimes affect the senior family member, the father, and the children are also affected by this problem. The present study was conducted to evalualte the correlation of parental perception and its components with attachment style and tendency to communicate with the opposite sex in veterans’ daughters.
Instruments and In this descriptive-correlational study, 77 veteran's daughters in Tehran, Iran were selected by voluntary sampling method. The research tools consisted of Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), and Tendency to Opposite Sex Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23, using Pearson correlation coefficient test.
Findings: There was a positive correlation between parental perception (r=0.80) and the components of attempts to dependency (r=0.87) and emotional relationship (r=0.91) with tendency to the opposite sex, and there was a negative correlation between the components of indifference (r=-0.90) and encouragement for independence (r=-0.84) with tendency to the opposite sex. Also, the attachment style and parental perception (r=-0.85) had a negative correlation with the components of attempts to dependency (r=-0.92) and emotional relationship (r=-0.93), and had a positive correlation with the components of indifference (r=0.92) and encouragement for independence (r=0.89). Attachment style and tendency to the opposite sex (r=-0.92) had a negative correlation (p Parental perception has a negative correlation with attachment styles and a positive correlation with the tendency to communicate with the opposite sex.

Aims: One of the most important problems of people involved with the war is the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is associated with unpredictable or destructive consequences for the injured person, his or her family, and the commuinity in which he or she lives. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the coping and defense styles in veterans with and without PTSD.
Instrument and In this causal-comparative descriptive study, in 2016, a number of 80 men, participated in the Iran-Iraq war, were selected from Najafabad, Iran by available sampling method; 40 of them suffered from PTSD and 40 had no disorder. The research tools were Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software, using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Findings: The mean scores in emotion-oriented coping style were significantly different in the two groups (p=0.006). Also, the difference between mean scores in undeveloped defensive styles were significant in both groups (p=0.028).
Veterans with PTSD use emotion-oriented coping style and undeveloped defensive styles more than their peers in the control group.

Aims: It seems that the cognitive and characteristic aspects of some of the veterans’ wives have been influenced by the consequences of war on their lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hope promotion cognitive training on characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction of veterans’ wives.
In this semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, 50 veterans’ wives from Kazeroon, Iran in 2017 were selected by available sampling method; they were randomly divided to two experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. To collect the data, Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Values in Action Inventory were used. The experimental group received cognitive hope promotion training for 6 weeks. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software, using multivariate analysis of covariance analysis.
Findings: By controlling the effects of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of overall score of characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction (p=0.0001). Also, after the intervention, the mean scores of characteristic abilities and cognitive functions reconstruction increased significantly in the experimental group (p 0.05).
Hope promotion cognitive training has an effect on the characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction of veterans’ wives, but it does not affect the inhibitory control and selective attention as well as social cognition.