نشریه علوم تربیتی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1385)

Ascertaining the status of reason and rationality is one of the basic concerns of philosophy of educational. In this exposition an effort will be made to based on the Islamic teaching, investigate the situation of reason in an Islamic system of education. For this purpose, to begin with an analysis into the meaning, both lexical and topical, of the term reason (Aql) is made and the significance of reason and rationality in the Islamic literary tradition is touched upon; then, bearing the Islamic origins and domain of rationality in mind, the various dimensions of rationality are explored and explained and a number of important questions regarding reason, particularly concerning its potentials and limitations, its individual and social essence, and its relationships with sensation and emotions, on the one hand, and with particular and ethical actions, on the other, are explored. In the end, laying some emphasis on the fundamental characteristics of reason, gathered from the above –mentioned questions, a number of educational implications in areas of methodology and curriculum are drawn.

The aim of this comparative paper is to shed light on the level and type of teacher participation in schools decision making at public and private secondary schools. The main assumption is that privatization of education and secondary schools provide a situation for teacher to be more participating and active in daily schools decision making. The samples were randomly selected from teachers and principles of Ahvaz Secondary schools, namely, 80 Public schools (180 teachers and 40 principals) and 80 private schools (180 teachers and 40 principals). The data were collected with researchers made questionnaire and semi-structure interviews. For analysis of questionnaire data MANOVA was used at the significance level of .05. In both public and private secondary schools we find out that public and particularly private secondary Schools in Ahvaz has not been successful in motivating and involving teachers in daily secondary schools decision making. It means that the present system of private schools in Iran need to be carefully examined to find the reason why the very assumption of teacher participation germaine to the idea of private school, has been ineffective.

The main purpose of this investigation was to study the levels of cognitive domain and to analysis psychometric characteristics of thest items in final examinations of Arabic, calculus and biology of the third grade high school girls in three different socio-economic areas in Khuzestan, Iran. A total of 3000 answer sheets which were randomly selected from the pools of Arabic, calculus and biology answer sheets, (one 1000 of each), served as three samples of this study. The findings showed that the item characteristics (item difficulty and item discrimination) were reported to be satisfactory. The discrimination indices of most of the items could differentiate between the high and low abilities groups (two criterion groups). The results also indicated that the test scores were highly reliable. The content validity of the test scores showed that the test constructiors were able to provide a balance between the objectives and the contents of the lessons base on table of specification. It is therefore recommended that the test constructors read these findings and to be ware of the advantages and limitations of this study in order to be able to improve their abilities in constricting test items in future.

The purpose of this research was to recognise the methods for utilizing research finding in Khuzestan organization of Eduation. To do this, 200 individual among personels with M.A degress and higher and B.A degress who were familiar with research methods and also a number of Tachers-Taining center of Khuzestan province were selected through multiple random sampling method. After constructing questionaire and its preliminary and final administration the data were analysed by SPSS Pakage, version 11.5. Te data were subjected to factor analysis which yielded two factors: 1)managerial and planning factor with 30 items; and 2) decision makers-researchers interaction factors covering 28 items. These two factors were found to explain 43.017% of the varianc of the factors influencing the application of research findings. The Cronbach coefficents calculated for these two factor calculated to be .745 and .758 respectively (p. Based on the results of this study, management and planing research factor points to the need for the organizational structure, research needs assessment, financial support for utilization of research findings, in order for findings to be utilized.

This article aims to study the degree of free reading of high school students (first, second and third grades) in the province of Mazandaran to recognize and identify the encouraging and inhibiting factors of their free reading behaviors. It was an explanatory survey, including 382 high school students which were selected according to Crejeci and Morgan formula and using a multiple stage sampling method. The instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.796. The results of this study displayed that, the average of free reading of the studied students was 48.5 minutes per 24 hours. This study also showed that there was a difference between the degree of free reading in the boys and girls. The factor analysis of items showed two essential factors in this study. The items related to encouraging factor (factor 1) displayed that, encouraging the students to free reading by parents, existing a library in the place of education, and organizing book reading competitions were the most important items in this factor. While, the most inhibiting items in the factor 2, were high cost of the books, economic problems, and having not enough spare time for free reading. In other words, these items were the most effective in declining reading in students. Some suggestions were also offered.

In the present paper diffusion of innovation theory was used to reviewinstructional innovations. According to the theory of diffusion at the beginning an innovation is adopted by pioneers. If the results of application of such an innovation are positive, it would be adopted by others. As an innovation is adopted more and more, remaining people who havent adopted the innovation decrease, so that the rate of adoption would reduce until another innovation replaces the previous one. A historical overview of the instructional innovations in the past few decades shows that popular innovations such as programmed instruction and educational television follow a bell shaped curve. Indeed (in the beginning), the rate of adoptions of these innovations increases, but after a short period, the rate decreased. A new popular innovation, electronic learning, followed such models. Despite its attraction, new findings indicate that e-learning projects are declining.

This study, as a descriptive study, aimed at investigating the publication trend of books in the period after the Islamic revolution (Far. 1358-1381) in Khouzstan province. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire,Interview and document analysis. During the war times, there occurred some malfunctions and disfunct for publishers, especially during the period 1358-60 and in the years 1360, 63, 67 and 1372. The data collected reveal that the majority of items were published by the private sector of which the majority were in Ahvaz and a few titles were published in other cities of Khouzstan. In the public sector all the publishers were located in Ahvaz. The majority of published titles in the private sector were in literature and in public sector text books, para- text and applied sciences constituted the majority of publications. In the private sector, majority of publishers hold a bachelor degree and in the public sector, majority of publishers hold a masters degree. In private sector, problems are mainly due to shortages in paper allocations and film and zinc plated. In the public sector problems are mainly due to lack of bounders shortages in paper and film and zinc allocations, shortages in funds, lack of distribution centers. All in all, the research findings demonstrate a weak performance for Khouzistan publications. Due to the low number of publishers in private and public sectors, statistical test of significance was not applicable, to determine the difference between the level of performance in both sectors.