مجله دندانپزشکی کودکان ایران
پیاپی 25 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

Background and Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Parents have an important role in the control of caries in their children .The aim of present study was to assess of parents oral health behavior on Sic and plaque indices of their 7 years old children.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 girls, first grade students in Kerman, Iran. Data were collected by questionnaire consist of demographic data and oral health behavior and clinical examination according to by WHO criteria and plaque index. T-test and regression were used to analyze data .P value at 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
89.5% of parents were mothers (179 people). The mean age of parents was 34.00 ± 6.33. 63% of fathers and 52.5% of mothers had university education. The mean of Sic and dmft indices were 6.29 ± 3.25 and 5.25 ± 3.27 respectively. The mean of plaque index in the one third of the population with highest dmft was 94.5313 ± 10.10731 and 90.8862 ± 12.54252 for the other two third. There was a significant difference between two groups (p=0.003). The mean score in oral health behavior with highest dmft was 6.87 ± 1.742 and 7.14 ±1.846. There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups. There was a significant correlation between mothers’ job and parents’ age with the oral health behavior of the children (p=0.008, p=0.050). There was a significant correlation between fathers’ job with their oral health behavior (p=0.020).
According to the study, the low level of education of parents, especially the mother and the habitat in the village, affect the oral health of children. Due to the young population of the country, planning for the prevention and treatment of children's oral teeth is essential

in General anesthesia many group of drugs can be used. Propofol have high metabolic effect. The purpose of this study was to compare blood glucose change during anesthesia by Propofol and Isoflurane in healthy child candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia.
In this prospective Randomized clinical trial study, blood glucose change was survey in 27 healthy children that candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia was done in one group by Propofol and other group by thiopental and Isoflurane. Blood glucose was measure by glucometer before anesthesia, after induction, after operation and before discharge and analysis by T.test, Mann-Whitney test, regression analyses, variance analyse and Tukey in SPSS.
No significant difference was seen in two groups before anesthesia. After induction, blood glucose was increase in two groups but had not significant difference (p=0.11). After finishing the operation blood glucose in propofol group (148.64 mg/dl) was significantly higher than Isoflurane (124.58 mg/dl) (p=0.029). Blood glucose after recovery in two group was decrease but no significant difference was seen between two groups (p=0.651).
General anesthesia with Isoflurane and Propofol can increase blood glucose but in Propofol group increase blood glucose was higher than Isoflurane. So recommend in children that increase blood glucose was dangerous, Propofol was contraindicated

Background and Parental knowledge about child’s dental developmental stage affects their performance greatly in providing domestic hygienic care, professional preventive care and meeting child’s needs for treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate of knowledge of dental developmental stage of 4-9 years old children among parents in Mashhad, Iran.
Two hundred eighteen parents (with one child) participated in this cross sectional study, filling questionnaires and answering clinical questions about their child’s dental developmental stage. The results were analyzed using SPSS software, using spearman and Pearson correlation, means and percentiles.
Around 80% of parents correctly named the dental system type of their children. Considering the question about the need for a primary tooth exfoliation before eruption of each permanent tooth, only 45% of parents gave the right answer. Variance analysis declared that there was significant relationship between knowing about type of dental system and child’s age (p= 0.02). There was also significant relationship between parental knowledge about the need for a primary tooth exfoliation before eruption of each permanent tooth and family income (p= 0.022). Parents could not correctly recognize the type of tooth (primary or permanent) for 11.01% of teeth. The most miss recognized teeth was related to lower first permanent molar (37.5 %). There was significant relationship and positive correlation between child’s age and miss recognizing the tooth type by parents (P= 0.06). There was also a significant relationship between parental academic education and miss recognizing the tooth type by parents (P= 0.042).
A significant percentage of parents had inadequate knowledge about type of dental system and type of each tooth (primary or permanent). More effort should be put on educating parents by dentists and authorities.

Since pediatricians are the first group of medical staff who has contact with children and parents, they can play a significant role with early detection of caries lesions and referring the patient to a dentist or pediatric dental specialists to prevent the future possible complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of pediatricians at Yazd city about the early-onset tooth decay in the children in 2016.
In this descriptive, cross-sectional study 53 pediatricians who worked at Yazd in 2016 were included. Data were collected by valid and reliable questionnaires. The questionnaires were included two parts: demographic Information and the knowledge questions. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and T-test while α=0.05.
Of 53 pediatricians (mean age 34.6 ± 9.49), 36 ones (67.9%) were male and 17(32.1%) were female. The mean value of pediatricians’ knowledge in this regard was recorded as 19.71±3.39. The mean value of pediatricians’ knowledge was no statistically significant according to the demographic factor like age (P-value=0.479), the gender (P-value=0.560), and the previous professional experience (P-value=0.749(.
Based on the results of this study pediatricians’ knowledge about the early-onset tooth decay in the children at Yazd should be inceased.

The first permanent molar is easily decayed, especially at early years of eruption. Some factors such as avoid of treatment by very young patients, their low age, the lack of clear guideline, and the uncertainty of the outcome of the treatment undermine the dentists to choose a decisive treatment plan. The purpose of this study was identification of selected treatment plans by Tehran general dentists for the treatment of deep caries in young permanent teeth.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was performed on 401 general dentists. A specific questionnaire was designed to assess the performance of general dentists when dealing with a young patient with deep occlusal caries of young permanent teeth. This questionnaire sent to dentists by social network. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multinominal regression analysis. Dentist's responses were compared with approved therapies based on the references and the various articles to measure their compliance with these guide lines.
Around 50% of dentists in the event of pulp exposure during treatment, selected the root canal therapy, and in the absence of exposure, 80% of dentists chose indirect pulp therapy.
Most of the treatments that were discussed by dentists as patient treatment were not consistent with the design of approved therapies by valid references, which emphasizes the need for a clinical guide to be compiled.

Background and Pregnant women have increased risk for oral and dental diseases due to their ýphysiological and behavioral changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and ýperformance of pregnant women referred to non-affluent health centers in Tehran about oral and ýdental health.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women attended to ýý10 health centers in Tehran. A questionnaire was distributed among the participants in which ýquestions were categorized into three categories of demographic information, mother's ýperformance and their knowledge. Finally, the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software (version 24) using descriptive, correlation and regression tests.
Totally, 166 pregnant women participated in the study. The average ýscore of people was 3.32 out of nine. The results of regression analysis showed ýthat there was a relatively significant relationship between the general knowledge of pregnant ýwomen about oral health and the level of education (P = 0.065) but there was no correlation ýbetween general oral health knowledge and ethnicity, husband education, income and resident ýstatus (p>0.1). While oral health knowledge of pregnant women during pregnancy with education ýý(p=0.07), resident status (p=0.042) and the number of mother roommates (p=0.069) had relatively significant correlation. General Oral health behavior had significant statistical correlation with ýeducation (p=0.03), but there was no correlation with other variables (p>0.1). Oral health behavior ýduring pregnancy was not significantly correlated with any of the variables (P> 0.1).
The ýresults of this study showed that the study population had no acceptable knowledge about oral and ýdental health care and it is necessary to train pregnant women on practical skills of oral health care ýand they will be aware of the importance of maintaining oral health during this period and the ýpotential adverse effects of periodontal diseases.ý

Background and Oral health behaviors in pregnant mothers are important owing to their impact on mother’s and child’s general health. The present study is designed to evaluate the type and success rate of interventions in oral health promotion programs.
A search of published papers in ProQuest, Pubmed, Biomed Central, Google Scholar, and Iran Scientific Information Database (SID) and Iran Press Information Bank (Magiran), was done using the keywords oral health promotion (program, prevention, knowledge, education) and pregnant women (pregnancy) from 1990 to January 2017. Out of 9653 titles, and excluding repeated and irrelevant papers in title and abstracts, 88 relevant full test papers in second step were evaluated, and finally, 24 papers were finally selected for review.
Ten of the evaluated studies were experimental and 14 semi-experimental. Interventions in 21 studies were educational, in two were combined, and in one study was only in form of preventive services. Interventions were in form of educational programs alone, and with follow-up sessions, oral examination, preventive services, in different time intervals. Results indicated to a significant improvement in intervention groups in short term. Theory and model-based interventions were effectively improved oral health behaviors in pregnant women.
Education of oral health promoting behaviors and preventive services have positive effects on the oral health of pregnant women in short term, especially through theory and model-based interventions.