مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 138، فروردین 1397)

Introdution: Oral consumption of Stevia extract increased the antioxidant's level in the body. In this study, the effect of Stevia extract consumption was investigated against neurological and liver complications caused by acute and chronic toxicity of acetaminophen administration in mice.
In acute experiment, NMRI mice (n=12) received stevia extract (400 mg/ml) in drinking water for month, and then injected with a single high dose of acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, i.p.). In chronic experiment, the mice (n=6) was received stevia (200 and 400 mg/ml) in the drinking water together with acetaminophen (4.5mg/ml) for a 30 days. Mice coordinating movement was examined by crawling test along a rope. The serum level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and asparate transaminase (AST) and histopatology of mice liver was evaluated. All data were statistically processed using SPSS 20.0 software. The chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.
Uncoordinated movement was observerd in 75% of mice after chronic acetaminophen application (p Oral stevia extract consumption can prevent from neural and hephatic signs of acetaminophen toxicity.

Introdution: Emotions and personality traits are the most important factors in medical problems caused by psychological factors. The purpose of the present study was to determine ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, alexithymia and personality traits in the patients with stomach ulcers and normal.
The method was descriptive-ex post facto and the study population included individuals with ilness in Urmia City and normal individuals. 60 individuals were selected through available sampling and matched with 60 normal individuals by using informed consent. In order to collect research data, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire, alexithymia and personality traits questionnaires were distributed among the participants and data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and descriptive indicators and multivariate and univariate analysis of variance.
The results showed that emotional ambivalence and alexithymia in individuals with illness were different from the normal individuals. The individuals with stomach ulcers compared with normal individuals had experienced high levels of emotional expressiveness and alexithymia.
It seems inappropriate emotional levels can provide predisposing conditions for psychosomatic disorders and disease itself make them more susceptible to psychological damage. Therefore, interventions are required, in the order to reduce the risk of psychological damage and appropriate emotion regulation education.

Introdution: Intensity- modulated radiation therapy is one of the treatment methods for cancer tumors. The effectiveness of this method is dependent on the accuracy and treatment planning quality. Therefore, there is a need for a plan to select the angle and intensity simultaneous optimum of radiation.
In this study, an mixed integer linear programming model was proposed for simultaneous optimization of angles and intensity in the GAMS programming environment.To implement the model, after the patient's CT was prepared, the organ cantoring was performed by CERR software and the Influence Matrix was obtained for each organ. After collecting the inputs of the problem, in order to obtain the desired outputs, was used from The GAMS software from the CPLEX solver.
Finally, the actual case of head and neck cancer is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. From the angle of the candidate, ¡ is chosen as the optimal radiation angles. The maximum dose received by the brainstem was 3. 999, Mandible 70, LeftOrbit 0.026, RightOrbit 0.440, Parotid Gland 0.881, OpticChiasm 0.177, OpticNerves 0.167, spinalcord 9.929 Gray and the minimum dose received by the tumor is 70 Gray. Also, the optimal amount of intensity for implementing the treatment plan on the patient is achieved.
The dose received by each organ was significantly improved compared to prescribing doses. Similarly, the comparison of the Dose Volume Histogram obtained by solving a common problem with the model and software CERR, Represents the optimal performance of the model, which improves the security rate and reduces the cost for healthy tissues.

Introdution:. Increased plasma cholesterol causes hepatic damages through oxidative stress (OS) induction. There are many investigations about hawthorn effects on lipid reduction and atherosclerosis. The goal of current study was to determine the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Crataegus aronia fruit (HECA) and atorvastatin (AVS) on hypercholesterolemia-induced alterations in serum lipid profile and OS in hepatic tissue of female rats.
In this experimental study, 42 female rats were assigned into 7 groups including control, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (DIH), DIH HECA (200 mg/kg/day; Per Oral (PO)), DIH HECA (400 mg/kg/day; PO), DIH AVS (10 mg/kg/day; PO), HECA (200 mg/kg/day; PO) and AVS (10 mg/kg/day; PO). After 30 days, blood and hepatic tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical tests using SPSS software.
Hypercholesterolemia resulted in significant increases in levels of serum lipids, hepatic enzymes and malondialdehyde in hepatic tissue as well as reductions in total antioxidant capacity and catalase level in liver compared to control group. Moreover, DIH led to significant increases in diameters of hepatocytes and their nuclei along with inflammation and cellular necrosis in hepatic tissue. Administration of HECA and AVS significantly restored above-mentioned parameters compared to DIH group.
These findings suggest that HECA can play a protective role against hepatic damages in hypercholesterolemic female rats According to the results of this study, the prevalence of obesity is not high in female students (3 %), but it is necessary to pay particular attention to information on obesity and girl's sports in universities, so that the prevalence of this disease is not increased

Introdution: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologic disorders and shows significantly elevated prevalence in industrial regions. Additionally, a possible genetic predisposition is assumed for the disease. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes participated in the metabolism of many human disease-causing mutagens, carcinogens and environmental pollutants. A functionally significant A to G transition in GSTP1 gene causes substitution of in the codon 105 can influence the enzyme activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate association of GSTP1 polymorphism and endometriosis in women from central and southern Iran.
In this case-control study, after obtaining informed consent, samples were obtained from 101 endometriosis patients and 126 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells and genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Data were compared in both groups by using Pearson chi-square and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests.
Results showed no significant association between GSTP1 Ile105Val Polymorphism and endometriosis susceptibility (P = 0.370). Frequencies of the AA, AG and GG genotype of GSTP1 gene polymorphism in the patients were 42.6%, 47.5% and 9.9%, while the frequencies in the controls were 49.2%, 45.2% and 5.6%, respectively.
According to our study, GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism appears to be not associated with the risk of endometriosis in the studied population. However, additional studies, especially with larger sample size are needed to validate these findings.

Introdution: In the present study, Lipofactamine 2000 was used as a cationic liposome for miR-101 transfection in order to investigate its cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of ubiquitin ligase HECTH9 in acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML).
MiR- 101 was transferred to KG-1 cells (myeloid cells) and HBMF-SPH (healthy bone marrow cells) using lipofectamine 2000 as a nano carrier. Then, using the MTT test, the 48-hour cell toxicity in both cell lines was evaluated. The effect of this miRNA on the expression of HECTH9 gene (ubiquitin Ligaase E3) was evaluated using qRT-PCR technique.
The findings of this study showed that Lipofactamine alone was not toxic to any of the cell lines, but lipofectamine-containing miR-101 (Lipo / miR-101) in KG-1 cells produced the highest toxicity compared to other treatments. The results of qRT-PCR test showed that Lipo / miR-101 treatment in KG-1 cells caused the highest expression in HECTH9 gene at the mRNA level.
Lipofactamine, as a cationic liposome, can effectively transfect miR-101 into the cells and can cause miR-101 to specifically display its antitumor effect by increasing the expression of HECTH9 and regulating pathways of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Therefore, miR-101 can be used as a potent tumor suppressor and an effective therapeutic agent for gene therapy in the patients with AML.

Introdution: For the proper occlusal interdigitation or coordination of arches in the finishing stage of orthodontic treatment with proper overjet and overbite, there must be a proper mesiodistal tooth size ratio between maxillary and mandibular teeth. The Bolton analysis should be taken into consideration while diagnosing, treatment planning and predicting prognosis in clinical orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Bolton discrepancy in the patients attending to Orthodontics Department of Kerman Dental School and private clinics to determine the effects of gender and unilateral maxillary canine impaction on Bolton ratio.
This cross sectional study was performed on 311 pretreatment orthodontic casts of patients attending to Orthodontics Department of Kerman Dental School and private clinics between 2012- 2015. The greatest mesiodistal dimensions of teeth were measured with digital caliper with accuracy of 0.01 mm. Independent t-test and chi square were applied to analyze the data by SPSS 18 software and values were considered to be significant when P The mean anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios were 78.49% and 91.73%, respectively without considering malocclusion and gender. The most prevalent anterior and overall Bolton ratios were 41.5% and 25.7%, respectively. The anterior and overall Bolton ratios for female patients were greater than male patients. There were no significant relationship between canine impaction and Bolton’s ratios.
Conclusion This study indicated a noticeable prevalence of tooth- size discrepancies in the patients. Regarding tooth- size discrepancies and their effects on occlusion and dental relations, it is suggested that Bolton’s tooth size analysis must be performed before starting the orthodontic treatment

Introdution The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of endurance training on protein expression of CGI-58, ATGL and serum levels of insulin and glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight, including diabetic group with endurance exercise (D-E), diabetic (D) and healthy control groups (Con). After induction of diabetic rats by injection streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneal , endurance exercise was applied for eight weeks, three sessions pre week in diabetic rats. Exercise intensity was equal to a speed of 21-25 m / min. The relative expression of CGI-58 and ATGL protein was measured with western blot technique and serum insulin and glucose levels were measured with a specialized kit. One-way ANOVA test was performed using SPSS-20 software and at a significance level less than 5%.
Results showed that ATGL and CGI-58 values were significantly different between the three groups (p It seems that CGI-58 play a vital role in activating lipolysis by ATGL and increasing in CGI-58 leads to an increase in ATGL and ultimately leads to increased levels of intramuscular triglyceride oxidation and improved insulin resistance.