مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 40 (پاییز 1396)

To understand the background of current travel model is a key issue in the efficient development of urban transport planning, because identifying the mode and factors of travel choice is important to facilitate behavior change. In most cases, the realities of transportation on behavioral approaches are explained better than the logic models. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of various factors on the choice of the way of travel for users of personal and public transport. Therefore, conceptual model of travel habits was designed by combining the constraints on the choice of perceptual behavior and planned attitude. Based on the objective, the methodology of this study is of the type of applied-developmental research and also descriptive, analytical and survey method in terms of objective and also, nature and method, respectively. Data were collected through questionnaires and obtaining public comments according to the general displacement in Tabriz city. The sample was estimated using Cochran formula for 1,100 people in 166 traffic area of Tabriz. The results of the Structural equation modeling of travel pattern represent a variance more than 17 percent in private vehicle users and more than 14 percent in public transport users. Other factors such as attitudinal and choice constraints were not so important. Unlike the results of structural equation modeling, attitudinal believes provide possibility of prediction. Accordingly, through binary logistic regression, the willingness of travellers in using public transport was studied, suggesting a significant negative effect of travel habits on the probability of choosing public transportation. Based on the findings of this study, strategic suggestions have been presented aimed at breaking unsustainable driving habits and forming new sustainable habits.

The importance of neighborhoods as the smallest component of urban system in the sustainable urban development is an undeniable issue. This study was done in old and new neighborhoods of the Rasht city in Guilan province to answer the questions that whether or not the principal structures in terms of land use level is in an appropriate condition? The research methodology was applied and also, descriptive-analytical, in terms of objective and nature, respectively, and information gathering method is library and field method. Thus, first, the land use status and services were investigated and each was compared with standard rules, then an optimal strategy to improve the situation of old and new neighborhoods was presented. The population of the study were residents of 4 new and 4 old neighborhoods with 100263 numbers which were selected as the sample size of this study. In this regard, because of the proximity of the number of new neighborhood (49663 numbers) and old communities (50600 numbers), 183 questionnaires in each new and old neighborhoods were completed. The results of the study indicates that per capita usage requirement in new neighborhoods like Gilan Blvd., Chamran, Azad and Hamidian were 14.38, 3.34, 8.01, and 12.27 And in old neighborhoods like Baqerabad, Dabaghian, Yakhsazy, and Paskiab were 10.19, 26.85, 20.7, and 12.47, respectively. Generally, in accordance with the findings of the study, it can be said that the structural principles of the studied neighborhoods are not suitable for the level of use in Rasht city and do not provide relative services and welfare.

This study aims to identify and present an image of crime-prone centers and social anomalies at areas of Tabriz city. In this research, a combination of descriptive, analytical and comparative methods have been used. Professional Software of Crime Spatial Analysis in GIS environment, Variance and Covariance Statistical Methods and Toki Test, Clustering Test (the nearest neighbor index) and Interpolation Method were used for crime spatial pattern analyses in Tabriz city areas. Findings of the study indicated that the most important urban crime-prone centers of Tabriz city are in the regions 6, 4 and 10 which are of the most populated districts of the city with improper physical structure and lower controllability. According to the comparison of the means and their order, regions 2 and 3 obtained the least scores of social anomalies, respectively. To show the study variables distribution pattern, we used the nearest neighbor pattern, which is completely spread in all variables, considering distribution pattern model. Next, according to the findings of the field study we used interpolation model for zonation of the study variables in Tabriz city regions. Zonation of the variable of wickedness in Tabriz city had the most and the least densities in the regions 6, 4 and 10 and also, the regions 2, 1, and 8, correspondingly.

Nowadays, by applying new methods, a high percentage of fuel can be reduced to provide adequate heating or cooling for rural and urban buildings. These methods are still under study and should be reduced to 50% with accurate calculations by carefully examining them and applying new ways to reduce excessive energy consumption in urban and rural buildings. The objective of this paper is to estimate the annual cooling and heating amount (HDD and CDD) in comparing the need of Anzali city gas consumption with its estimated cost. The research method uses the calculation of the warm and cold days by Dr. Khalili's inventive formula, which is possible by using calculated cooling and heating rate. The instrument of this meteorological data and its proposed formula were used during a 34 year period (1979-2013) of Anzali station temperature. The results of this study showed that the need for the heating day is 1546.42° -day and the degree-cooling day is 94.55°, and the need for heating energy for a residential building with 100 m² and 2.7 meters height is 15657300 Rials and in the heating season it is 957.3 Rials. The results of this research can help local and regional planners in relation to the actual cost of gas consumption and the zoning of its coefficient.

Todays, tourism is considered as the most important income generating activities, specially in order to reduce dependence on oil in the country and in some recent decades, has attracted the attention of many scholars, planners, and planners in various fields of science to the development and implementation of the industry's expansion plans. Among the topics and programs that require special attention to provide tourists satisfaction and boost the tourism market of the country is the topic of tourism infrastructure. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of tourism infrastructure in Markazi province and ranking of cities in terms of level of utilization using Topsis-Saw technique and to determine the distribution of infrastructure, Pearsonian's Skewness Coefficient was used. The present study was descriptive-analytic and the required data had been gathered by documentary and library method. The results show that counties Arak, Saveh and Khomein and also, counties Khandab and Farahan had the first and the last grades, respectively. Also, the results of using Pearsonian's Skewness Coefficient showed the imbalance and weakness of the cities of the province in terms of having a tourism infrastructure. Therefore, prioritizing the cities of this province in terms of criteria such as tourism potential, sphere of influence, developmental stimulus regions, and incentive to invest in order to optimize the distribution of infrastructure is imperative to review and take serious action which had to be reviewed and taken action seriously in development and logistics documents of the Markazi province.

This study aimed to evaluate the participation level of villagers in the processes of preparation, adoption and implementation of the rural guidanceplans. This study is an applied one guidance ed in a descriptive-analytical method. The population of this study consisted of 12 rural settlements in Dashtestan county in which, the participation of villagers in rural guidance plans was remarkably significant. In villages, the sample size was identified based on Cochran formula. The sample size included 257 households in two groups, one group included 136 households who had attended in the rural guidance plans and the other group included 121 households who had not participated in the plans. They were selected in simple random selection method and interviewed. In addition, 28 persons were also interviewed from the rural authorities. The results show that based on one-sample t-test, the villagers’ participation in preparation, adoption and implementation of rural guidance plans is in the moderate level and the mean of the villagers and officials’ attitudes towards participation were 2.63 and 2.73, respectively, which according to the results of t-tests of two independent samples, there is no significant difference between the views of these two groups. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the education and age of the individuals and the participation of villagers in the preparation, adoption and implementation of the rural guidance plans, and the correlation order was in moderate level (reverse and direct). However, there is no significant relationship between the participation of people and their jobs. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics and level of participation.

Looking at the regional plans in Iran shows that the results of these plans have not been profitable in order to balance the urban system and creating a hierarchy of settlement. In the previous studies, the regions were defined based on the political and administrative boundaries. As a result, the quantitative models used have non help to improve the urban systems problems. Thus, the main objective of this study is to explain the true concept of region from two points of view (Objective and Subjective views) and true utility of quantitative models in regional planning. In this regard, the Zagros region (including five provinces: Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Lorestan and Elam) and also Kermanshah province were selected as a subjective and objective regions, respectively. The research method of this paper was comparative study and the results of using quantitative models (the Quantitative Indexes of Determining the Primate City and also, the Herfindahl concentration index, Gini Coefficient, and Coefficient of Variation) in the two mentioned regions were compared. The results showed that the urban system in the Zagros region has relative balance compared to Kermanshah province. By analyzing the findings, the approach to this paper is that the concept of the region should be considered in terms of cultural, economic, social, and geographic points of view in order to balance the system of urban settlements and decentralize population, services and facilities. So, we do not summarize this concept on the political and administrative boundaries.

In the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order and security, progress and welfare can be achieved, simultaneously. Theory of good urban governance which is accepted by elites and experts and is emphasized by international organizations, in particular Habitat, intends to make cities more efficient, equitable, safer and more sustainable. The objective of this study is an Analysis of the role of good urban governance in reducing urban housing vulnerability against earthquake. The present study is applied and also descriptive-correlation research in terms of purpose and also in terms of way of collecting data, respectively. In the data analysis, the structural equation modeling technique was used with smart pls 3 software to examine the conceptual model of the research. In this study, indexes of participation, legitimacy, transparency, collective agreement, taking responsibility, justice, accountability, and efficiency and effectiveness were used by means of 38 questions. The population of the study is urban planners who were selected as 40 numbers as a sample using purposeful sampling. The results of this study show that all good urban governance indexes are important in reducing housing vulnerability. Therefore, in creating sustainable and safe cities, participation of people, observance of laws, respect for others rights, justice and equality, taking responsibility and responsiveness, transparency of city managers and city official's performance vis-à-vis citizens leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness; and finally, leads to a good urban governance approach that can ensure and reduce the housing vulnerability.

Today, the public spaces of villages need to provide facilities and equipment and services to the local people. Therefore, in these spaces, additional elements are needed to regulate rural life among these buildings, equipment such as home furnishing, the possibility of living and spending leisure time in the enclosed space between man, space and activity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the role of public spaces in improving the quality of vitality of villagers in the studied area. This study is applied research with descriptive-analytical method and for data collection, library and field methods (questionnaire and observation) were used. For data analysis, the tests (Regression, Friedman and Factor Analysis) were used. The research findings showed that the aesthetic, semantic-perceptual and functional-activity measures each ranked respectively 2.52, 1.79 and 0.69, respectively. Factor analysis findings indicated that the first factor, i.e., the perceptual image, and the sixth factor, i.e., social interactions, had the highest share and the lowest share in explaining the total variables. Also, the study of regression model indicated that the effective factors affecting the general spaces in increasing the quality of vitality of the villagers was 0.723, which indicated a significant and positive relationship between the factors of public spaces in improving the vitality of villagers among the villages of the studied area.

The worn out texture of Tehran city is 3268 hectares, which accounts for about 5 percent of the total area of the city of Tehran, and the district 12, which is the historical core, is one of the worst urban areas in Tehran. The emergence of various social anomalies in Tehran's metropolis has become a major concern for urban managers. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the spatial patterns and facilitating conditions of committing crimes in the area of worn out texture of the region of 12 metropolitan area of Tehran. The current research is applied and its method is analytical, comparative. In this study, tests for the nearest neighbor and kernel density estimates were used to identify spatial patterns of crime distribution. The statistical population of the present study consisted of convicted offenders who have been filed in Tehran's clinics. As a statistical sample, 560 cases of crimes in district 12 of Tehran municipality have been investigated. The findings show that the concentration center of mass corpses has been formed in central, northeastern and northwestern parts of the district 12 of Tehran, which indicates the unfavorable situation of this section in terms of delinquency than other parts of it. has it. The highest percentages of crimes occurred in blocks of 40-60, 60-80, 80-100% unbearable. From the total of 560 crimes committed, 509 cases equaled 87.69% of all crimes occurred in unrelenting blocks with a high percentage of infamy.

In the present decade, attracting tourists has been one of the key factors contributing to the success of tourism industry and consequently the economic prosperity of countries. In this regard, rural tourism can play a fundamental role in the development of villages. Considering the natural attraction and tourism potentials in Kandovan village and also, considering the fact that the satisfaction of tourists from the product and destination of tourism has an undeniable role in attracting tourists, the present study aims to assess tourist satisfaction with the tourism product of the Kandovan village, using HOLSAT model. This model can evaluate tourist satisfaction through analysis of their expectation from and the performance of the destination. Considering that the size of the statistical population was unknown, 200 tourists were selected as the sample. This was an applied-developmental study using a descriptive-analytical design. The data was collected through questionnaire and interview, and SPSS and Excel were used for data analysis. The results of studying tourist satisfaction from Kandovan village in HOLSAT model suggests that satisfaction of tourists from the tourism product of Kandovan village was in the scenario (WIN) and the tourists were satisfied with the tour. Moreover, the results of the multivariate regression model showed a significant relationship between the dimensions of tourism product and tourist satisfaction.

Nowadays, food tourism has become a type of tourism that many countries have recognized it as one of the sources of tourist attraction. Rasht city has a significant position in terms of food diversity rather than other cities. So that's the only city in Iran that has joined the UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network for gastronomy in 2015. This study is applied and Descriptive survey type in terms of objective and data collection, respectively. The tool is the binary comparison questionnaire, and the main objective of this study is exploration of the most important factors affecting food tourism development in Rasht. The first step in this research is to identify some factors affecting development of local foods tourism and in the next step, the relations between food tourism development factors are determined and analyzed using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). In the modeling section, pairwise comparisons questionnaire is employed in order to use the viewpoints of 20 experts in the field of tourism and finally, by using MICMAC analysis, the types of variables were specified. The results of this study show that the most important factors affecting the development of food tourism in Rasht are respectively preparing healthy food and observing sanitation and health principles during the various stages of preparing and serving it as well as having food authenticity which is in the lowest level. One of the main suggestions for attracting tourists is to pay attention to preparing healthy food and observing sanitation during different stages of its serving as well as to improving the quality of local foods and to creating a variety of flavors.

Using criteria and methods of classification in ranking settlement in the spatial system of the regions, on the one hand, resulted in recognition of the amount of inequality in settlement parts and on the other hand, it is considered as a criteria to reduce and eliminate existing inequalities among them. In order to solve the problems caused by the lack of the region balance, the first step is identifying and ranking regions in terms of enjoying technology in the fields of social and economic services. In this study, by employing eight index to study developing in the framework of Analyzing Numerical Taxonomy (NTA) action was taken to ranking the degree of developing rural districts in Ardabil province. Method of this study is descriptive-Analytic. Population in the present study were all of 69 rural districts in Ardabil province. At this ranking, Kalkhoran rural district of the central part of Ardabil county and eastern Qeshlaqdasht rural district of part of Qeshlaqdasht in Bilehsavar county by developing coefficient 0.3 and also 0.96 were identified the most enjoyed and the most deprived rural districts of the province, respectively. On the basis of this research, the center-around model is governed on the spatial structure of the rural districts in Ardabil province.

In development planning at the regional level to identify and understand the differences between regions in terms of their enjoyment of economic and social facilities and infrastructure is an inevitable necessity. According to the topics proposed, the present study is a descriptive- analytic method it seeks In addition to determine developing degrees of Kermanshah province counties with respect to various factors using HDI and Morris index and The index compares the two and finally an analysis of the demographic development in the province using Pearson's test. Calculation results have led to maps using ArcGIS for better spatial analysis of development. Community of research includes 14 administrative units of Kermanshah province. 55 variables which have been used in this research, consists of the majority aspects of development of units. The results indicate that the counties in terms of development in good condition to do not, because the level of any county in Cluster I and II (Is not a very high development and high), and also, comparing 2 research indexes indicate that Morris indexes show the status of development of the counties better. So, this index is preferable to the HDI index and analyzes the demographic situation of development indicate a positive correlation between the percentage of urbanization and the development level of the counties.