نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، زمستان 1396)

Investigations show that in practice, many of small and mid-sized businesses created in various factors do not have an appropriate sustainability level in economic, social and environmental dimensions and in different countries including Iran, their growth and survival are along with many doubts due to various obstacles and problems. Given the importance of this issue, the main purpose of the present paper was to investigate measuring patterns and models of sustainability level in businesses; this paper is based on the vast and extensive review of related theoretical and empirical literature and library resources. The review of the related literature showed that various models including ISO/cd 9004 model, organizational excellence model, value-added model for the community and shareholder with the help of environmental retrieval, political, economic, social and technological factors analysis model (PEST), triple profit model or the triple bottom line (TBL), triple bottom line and four supporting facets (TBL facets), 3P model, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the house of sustainable supply chain management model were provided by researchers and investigators in order to measure the sustainability of businesses. According to the results of literature review, in most proposed models and patterns, three dimensions of economic, social and environmental sustainability have been taken into consideration in the form of a comprehensive and systematic approach. Therefore, the goals of sustainability in small and medium businesses are to create a balance between social health, environmental quality and economic Prosperity.

Entrepreneurial culture is a catchy concept fronted by scholars and several governments in their bid to promote entrepreneurship for unemployment reduction via job creation. However, the analysis and conceptualization of entrepreneurial culture is an issue that is not addressed in the entrepreneurship literature. In this regard, the main purpose of this study was to analyzing the entrepreneurship culture in Kermanshah Township and providing a model for its development. Statistical population consisted of all Active citizens (15 to 65 years) in Kermanshah Township, that using Kerjeci and Morgan (1970) sampling table, 400 of them were selected as the sample using the proportionate multistage sampling method (n=400). The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity were confirmed by the panel of experts and its reliability was established by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSSwin23 software. Findings revealed that the present status of entrepreneurship culture in Kermanshah Township was at the moderate level. The Results of means comparison showed that there were significant differences between entrepreneurship culture based on Role model, place of birth and Employment status. Results of correlation analysis showed that the age had a negative significant correlation, and education level had a positive and significant correlation with entrepreneurship culture in Kermanshah Township. Finding of this study have applications for policy makers, planners and managers of department of culture in order to enhance of entrepreneurship culture Kermanshah Township.

A considerable growth in employed women is an undeniable fact of the Iranian society. However, social experience shows that a few numbers of these women are entrepreneur. In order to create an entrepreneurial activity both social statuses and cultural conditions need to be prepared. The aim of this paper was to present a conceptual model of entrepreneurship competencies needed for rural women, through a summarized content analysis. This study used a qualitative paradigm and summarized content analysis method of data analysis. Data gathering method was done by searching, taking notes and coding on written texts from scientific and significant papers. During content analysis process, first different codes were verified then grouped into sub-themes and finally merged into main themes so that 52 sub-themes merged into seven main themes. In this study to determine the reliability of data Holsty's reliability formula was used and it was 0.86. Based on the findings, The main themes which were extracted in this study were personal competence, psychological, communication abilities, mental, conceptual merit, competence, leadership and organization, competence, Commitment competency and strategic competency.

While Agricultural engineering, technical and consulting companies have been purposed as a mechanism for developing agriculture sector and increasing employment opportunities for agricultural graduates; providing sustainable qualitative services for farmers and income for their members is dependent on their competitiveness and so developing entrepreneurship in them. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the entrepreneurship development barriers in Isfahan province Agricultural engineering, technical and consulting companies. Using a twostage sampling method, 102 people were selected from 500 organization members. Data was collected through a questionnaire the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the study was assessed through Cronbach’s-Alpha which was 0.89. Findings revealed that, the instability in policies on agricultural sector, loan taking out cumbersome laws, lack of capital and cash flow, lack of security for investing in agricultural sector and lack of attention to agriculture sector by government were most important variables. Factor analysis categorized the examined variables in seven factors including: educational, business environment, zoning problems, agricultural specific barriers, monitoring organizations’ obstacles and problems related to members’ factors.

The objective of present descriptive-correlational research was to evaluate the entrepreneurial spirit and relative factors among the broiler avicultures managers in Zanjan County. Statistical population consist all broilers managers in Zanjan County in year 2014 (N=81). The sample size is determined based on a Morgan formula and samples were selected through random sampling (n=67). Method of collecting data was base on a standardresearcher’s constructed questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was controlled by considering professional opinions of faculty members specialy in Agricultural Extension and Economics. Reliability of the questionnaire was checked by undertaking a pilot test and computing Cronbach’s alpha (ranging 0.72 to 0.87). The SPSS were used to Analyzed of the collected data, results indicated that 52.2 percentage of managers, owing the score of 297/93, had a high spirit of entrepreneurship. Also, a significant and positive relation was detected between firm’s capacity and number of workers with entrepreneurial spirit aviculture. A Negative and significant relation was found between feed of each bird and entrepreneurial spirit. Also, there was a positive and significant relation between participation of managers in training vocational programs and entrepreneurial spirit.

This research has been carried out with the objective of studying the obstacles of agricultural knowledge-based companies, established in Incubator of IROST (Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology), by using of qualitative content analysis technique. The research instrument was interview in a deep and semi-structured manner. The statistical population consisted of five faculty members of IROST, that were founder of knowledge-based companies in agricultural sector and theirs companies were established in incubator of IROST. The research findings were presented in four main concepts and 22 codes. The main concepts were: Uncertainty to the market of agricultural knowledge-based products, lack of facilities and financial supports of agricultural knowledge-based companies, weak administrative and legal structure in establishing agricultural knowledge-based companies and lack of policies and supportive laws and commercialization laws in the field of Agricultural research. Finally, based on research findings, practical suggestions were presented as below: To Facilitate lending to companies with innovative and technological ideas in the field of agriculture; Developing supportive policies to emergence and commercialize the new ideas in the agricultural sector; Preparing necessary trainings for founders of knowledgeable-based companies; providing policy and legal tools to increase the competitiveness capabilities of agricultural knowledgeable-based products with similar products of foreign competitors in market; Reducing administrative bureaucracy for registration and approval of knowledge-based companies and formulating appropriate policies to prevent smuggling and importing similar products.

Agritourism is a part of rural tourism that offers various recreational and tourism services. Actually agritourism includes business conducted by farmers for the enjoyment of visitors or public training toward promoting the products of the farm and to generate additional farm income. The present study aims at identifying the concepts of business agritourism and investigating businesses opportunities in this regards. Applied method was used for this qualitative case study method. The data was gathered through a structured interview form (open questionnaire) interviewing the experts. It is noteworthy that the samples of this research are experts of the areas (authorities and experts in agriculture and tourism). The data was analyzed using qualitative case study method (open and axial coding). Excel software was used to display the results. Lastly, literature reviews and the results of the coding method indicated that the potencial of Jahrom for promoting agritourism categorized into 3 groups: natural geography, human resources and agricultural potential. Also it is indicated that Jahrom has high potentials for promoting agritourism. Moreover, among identified businesses (rural business, home-based business, family business, small and medium-sized enterprises, small sized enterprises, cultural business and educational business), home-based business (small business that operates from the business owner's home office) are the most important business resulting from agritourism and among the agritourism activities organizing festivals and events especially festival of date and its products has the highest priority in Jahrom city.