Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Aug 2017

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been established as a minimally invasive treatment option for removal of kidney stones. The aim of this research was to compare complications and surgical outcomes of standard PCNL with tubeless PCNL.
In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 50 consecutive patients with kidney stone were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In the control group, a nephrostomy was placed at the end of PCNL and in the intervention group, nephrostomy was omitted. Incidence of fever, hospital stay, analgesic requirement, blood transfusion, urinary leakage, and patient’s satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.
Pain score was significantly lower in the tubeless group in comparison with the control group (P 0.78). The number of patients with “low urine leakage” was significantly higher in the tubeless group than in the control group (P The evidence from this study provides some support for application of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy for patients with renal stone, regardless of the stone size and type.

In spite of the fact that Iran is one of the most successful countries in family planning program yet the rate of condom usage among those, who are sexually active is low. As a result, recognizing barriers to condom usage can improve planning for condom promotion.
The main goal of this study was to examine the rate of condom usage and to determine factors influencing condom usage among couples in Shiraz city of Iran. This study also investigates the possible effects of new population policies on the rate of condom usage.
The study was a quantitative survey. Data was collected by a questionnaire from 626 married females in Shiraz county (Shiraz city and rural areas), who were selected by the multi-cluster sampling method. Data analysis was done by the SPSS software (version 20).
Findings demonstrated that rate of condom usage in Shiraz County, particularly in rural areas, was low. However, considerable percentages of respondents were familiar with condoms yet many of them did not have enough information about it. Furthermore, results of logistic regression revealed that age, place of residence, knowledge about condoms, couple agreement on condom usage, spousal age difference, and influence of condom sexual pleasure were the main predictors of condom usage.
The rate of male condom usage in Shiraz county compared to other countries, even some Asian countries, is very low. Condom usage is a complex issue, which is affected by a set of demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. As a result, policy-makers should pay greater attention to these factors in order to improve the prevalence of condom usage. Finally, Iranian policy makers should be aware that new population policy through restriction of access to family planning services is not only ineffective, but can also create new problems.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a distressful disorder in children and adolescents. However, it has been poorly studied in Bangladesh.

This study was conducted to look into the phenomenology of OCD in children and adolescents in Bangladesh.

This descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted in a child mental health consultation center in Bangladesh from January 2014 to December 2014. A total of 106 OCD cases were included purposively. Assessment was done using standardized Bangla version of Development and well-being assessment and children’s Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale.

Of the obsessions, miscellaneous obsession was found to be the most prevalent among the participants, followed by contamination; and of the compulsions, washing/cleaning was the most prevalent, followed by checking, miscellaneous obsessions, repeating, and ordering rituals. About half of the participants had severe OCD, and comorbidity was present in 45.3%. Hyperkinetic disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and tic disorder were more prevalent.

Miscellaneous and contamination obsessions are prominent as obsessions, whereas checking and miscellaneous obsessions are prominent as compulsions in Bangladesh. Further larger scale, multi- centered, or community-based studies would help generalize the results.

Seizure disease is a clinical manifestation of synchronized and elevated abnormal discharge of neurogens originally present in the cerebral cortex. This sudden abnormal cerebral stimulation is intermittent and usually short-lived and self-limiting, which lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes.
In the present study, which was conducted at Ahvaz Golestan hospital, 200 children aged 2 months to 14 years old with seizure that had referred to the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ward in 2013, were studied. Information regarding the patients was extracted during the study, included the patient's gender, age, presence of fever, cause of seizure, type of seizure, date of referral, presence of Status Epilepticus (SE), duration of hospitalization, deaths caused by the seizure, and neurological examination.
According to the obtained results, it was found that out of a total of 200 selected patients, about 128 (64%) were male and 72 patients (36%) were female. The average age in male and female patients was 26.4 and 25. 5 months, respectively.
The results showed that percentage of catching among males and females was 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. Febrile seizure had the highest percentage (68.2%), which means it was of higher importance, so that among 200 selected patients, febrile seizure involved 137 patients and, as indicated, its value was much higher than other factors.

Insulin as a small molecule with 51 residues is an interesting model useful in studying protein misfolding of neurodegenerative amyloid proteins. Investigating zinc effects on insulin misfolding and aggregation triggered by 80% ethanol is the main objective of the present work. Using different methods of turbidity measurement, examining thioflavin T fluorescence changes during insulin aggregation, and conducting Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy of the process, we studied insulin aggregations in the presence of micromolar and millimolar concentrations of zinc ions to shed light on the mechanism of misfolding in these circumstances. Our findings confirmed that millimolar concentrations of zinc protect insulin integrity against acidic pH, high temperature, and 80% concentration of ethanol as misfolding inducer. We hypothesize zinc to be of therapeutic importance in amyloidogenic disease in case it is applicable.

The present study aimed at determining the predictive role of life orientation on self - efficacy of nurses in Chabahar.
This was a descriptive - correlational study. The statistical population of the current study included all nurses working at hospitals of Chabahar (N = 154). Using Cochran’s sample size determination formula, 113 individuals were considered as the sample. Simple random sampling method was applied to select the sample. To collect data, Scheier and Carver’s Life Orientation Test (1985) and Jerusalem and Schwarzer’s General Self - efficacy Scale (1979) were used. To examine these questionnaires’ validity and reliability, respectively, content validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were applied, for which the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.75.8 and 0.78, respectively. To assess variables under study, regression analysis, independent t - test, and one - way analysis of variance were used.
The findings indicated that 23% of the variance of the criterion variable (self - efficacy) could be predicted by the predictor variable (life orientation). Moreover, female nurses had greater self - efficacy, however, no significant difference was found considering male and female nurses’ life orientation.
Optimism refers to a generalized expectation, upon which when facing a problem, a person feels that positive results will take place. This expectation almost covers all important aspect of individuals’ life. Optimism is associated with various psychological traits that can play key roles in one’s self - efficacy.