فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 92، تابستان 1397)

Anabolic steroid drugs, especially dianabol, were used as energy producer drug for growth and enhancement of muscles in athletes. Using of anabolic-androgenic steroids among athletes is extended. However, there are limited information about the adverse effects of mentioned drugs on genital system. This study aimed to evaluation of protective effects of vitamin E against damages caused by dianabol on male genital system.
In this experimental study, 72 male mice grouped randomly to one control group and seven experimental groups (n=9). Mice in experimental groups 1, 5, 6 and 7 received vitamin E with dose 100 IU/kgBW. Experimental groups 5, 6 and 7 were administrated dianabol with doses 5, 10 and 20 mg/kgBW after 4 hours of vitamin E reception. Mice in experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 received just dianabol with doses 5, 10 and 20 mg/kgBW. Administration method in all groups was orally by gavage for 42 days. 24 hours after last treatment, blood samples were collected from heart and sperm characteristics were evaluated.
Results showed significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum; vitamin E administration remarkably improved above mentioned parameters. Also, vitamin E administration caused improvement in sperm parameters and blood testosterone level.
This study showed that vitamin E, as inhibitor of free radical, can decrease oxidative damages caused by dianabol.

We were studied on differentiation potential of CD133 and CD34 hematopoietic stem cells into motor neuron like cells.
CD133 and CD34 HSCs were isolated from human UCB using MACS system. After cell characterization using flow cytometry, the cells were treated with a combination of Retinoic acid, Sonic hedgehog, Brain derived neurotrophic factor, and B27 through a 2- step procedure for two weeks. The expression of MN-specific markers was examined using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometery.
Flow cytometery analysis revealed 98% and 95.7% CD133 and CD34 cells, respectively. By the end of the two-week differentiation protocol, CD133 and CD34 cells acquired unipolar MNL morphology with thin and long neurites. The expression of Isl-1, AChE, NF-H and Nestin was detected in 66.4%, 58.3%, 80.6%and 84.9% of CD133 cells and 63.2%, 52.3%, 78.6% and 80.1% of CD34 cells. T
Human UCB - CD133 and CD34ᴠ are remarkably potent cell candidates to trans- differentiate into motor neuron-like cells, in vitro.

Diabetes is one of the most important metabolic diseases in the world that can ultimately lead to ulceration and amputation of lower limbs. The aim of this study was pigment extraction from isolated environmental bacteria and their effect on antibiotic resistant bacteria cooperated on infected diabetic foot.
In this project, dominant bacteria were identified using biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated. Then, effect of different solvent was evaluated on the extraction of pigments using thin layer chromatography. Finally the affected bacteria were molecularly identified.
The results obtained from this study indicated that the most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results from antibiogram tests indicated that most of the gram positive isolates had same results and the gram negative was sensitive to Meropenem and Imipenem. Among extracted pigments, 4 different pigment which is effective on antibiotic resistant bacteria according to molecular technique were Brachybacterium sp. IARI-ABL-35, Brachybacterium nesterenkovii strain DSM 9573, Brevundimonas sp. NeomS2D Kocuria sp. YIM 75764.
According to biologic properties of bacterial pigments, we could use them in the treatment of various diseases.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a branch of rehabilitation medicine dealing with optimizing physical function in patients with atherosclerosis after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a period of cardiac rehabilitation on serum levels of apo-A1 and apo-B in middle aged men with myocardial infarction after CABG.
Subjects were selected among middle aged men (50 to 60 years old) with CABG and assigned into two groups of control (n=10) and experimental (n=10). In experimental group, aerobic exercises (treadmill, cycle and hand ergometer) with the intensity of 11 to 13 on the (basis of burg scale) were performed during eight weeks under control of physician. Before and after the trainings, serum levels of ApoA1 and ApoB were measured by ELISA method.
Analysis of data using paired samples T test showed no changes in weight, BMI, levels of apo-A1 and apo-B and apo-B to apo-A1 ratio in control group (P>0.05), but in experimental group weight, BMI, apo-B and apo-B to apo-A1 ratio significantly decreased and apo-A1 increased (P Eight weeks cardiac rehabilitation, through reduction of apo-A1 and apo-B, can be effective in prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction and morbidity and mortality in middle aged men after CABG.

Human group A rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhea among children This cross-sectional study was carried out on 76 samples collected from both influent and effluent water of 4 sewage treatment systems, hospital sewage, Karaj and Baraghan rivers in Alborz Province. All samples were concentrated using pellet method. Afterwards, human group A rotaviruses were detected using ELISA method.
In total, rotaviruses were identified in 6 samples (7.89%) using ELISA method. A significant relationship was found between rotavirus detection and sampling site (P=0.039). The frequency of rotavirus detection in summer, autumn and winter was 1 sample (16.66%), 3 samples (50%) and 2 samples (33.33%), respectively.
This study showed the contamination of environmental water by human group A rotaviruses. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor sewage treatment systems and river water for detecting rotaviruses.

Salmonella, as an aerobic and facultative anaerobe bacillary gram-negative bacterium, is pathogen for humans and animals. This bacterium dominates the vertebral gastrointestinal tract, depending on the serotype and host conditions and factors, causes diseases with various symptoms and complications. Today, the development of multiple antibiotic resistance in this bacterium is a major barrier to public health. Integrons can play an important role in creating and expanding this resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of class I, 2 and 3 integrons in Salmonella typhimurium isolated of clinical samples by Multiplex PCR.
In this study, 60 isolates of Salmonella typhimurium were collected from Tehran Hospitals and confirmed by biochemical and culture tests. Multiplex-PCR assay was performed to identify int1, int2 and int3 integrons genes.
Of the 60 strains of Salmonella typhimurium, PCR assays detected 85% integron class 1, 45% integron class 2, and 70% integron class III.
The results of this study showed high incontinence in Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from clinical cases. Identifying these genes can be an important strategy in identifying and responding to antibiotic resistance, since the presence of infrared cells is an indicator of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.

Accreditation is a tool for assessing the patients’ safety and quality improvement. The aim of this study was to compare quality management evaluation between Tehran hospitals with Europe hospital with accreditation approach.
This comparative, cross sectional, multilevel study was conducted among 21 systematic selected hospitals and their quality managers and hospital departments and patients between 2016, June and 2017, June. Anonymous Quality management system index (QMSI) questionnaire was conducted among quality managers. Quality management compliance index (QMCI) and clinical quality implementation index (CQII) and Clinical review (CR), specialized expertise and responsibility (SER), evidence base organization (EBO), patient safety strategy (PSS) were used during on- site visits by trained external surveyors. Retrospective and case note reviews, and direct observation were used for patient’s level data gathering. The validity and reliabity of constructs were tested. The choice of instruments was based on “Deeping our understanding of quality improvement in Europe” (DuQuE) project. Instruments were translated and back translated and changed base on third generation of Iran hospital accreditation that was developed by ministry of health and medical education (MOHME). We assessed patient- specific process and outcomes for acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hip fracture and deliveries at patient level.
Management specific indexes at hospital level in Tehran hospitals, alike Europe hospitals, were related. In Tehran hospitals, an association was observed between QMSI and departmental levels in EBOP and CR and SER at four clinical conditions. In Europe hospitals, an association was observed between three levels of hospital quality management.
The comparative evaluation for quality management for hospitals in Tehran and European hospitals showed similar results in terms of quality improvement at the management level.

The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between life style and communicational technologies abuse, andh mental health among Islamic Azad University students of Tehran city.
In this correlational study, 381 students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran city were selected by cluster sampling. They completed the Laali et al (2012) Life Style Inventory, Jenaro (2007) Communicational Technology Abuse Questionaire and Goldberg et al (1981) Mental Health Questionaire (GHQ-28) and data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results showed that substance avoidance, body health, weight control and nutrition, and exercise and health, in order, significantly predicted mental health and they can explain 11 percent of variance. Communicational technology abuse significantly predicted mental health and can explain 33 percent of variance. There were significant relationship between life style and communication technology abuse.
Our study revealed that life style and communication technology are associated with students’ mental health; so we can enhance their mental health by life style and communication technology useful instruction.

Operation rooms are one of the most hazardous environments in terms of possible human-related health hazards and reduction of errors in these environments is a necessity to improve the quality of health care. The purpose of this study was to determine the cases of errors and factors affecting the errors in the operating room.
This descriptive study was conducted in 2016, and the viewpoints of 200 employees of operating rooms in selected hospitals of Tehran Medical Sciences Universities were randomly categorized using a researcher-made questionnaire in three sections: demographic specification, error cases, effective factors in errors" in four dimensions of individual, environmental skill and managerial. Data were analyzed by descriptive-inferential statistics methods using SPSS software.
Regarding employee's viewpoint, wrong selection of a surgery (71%), and wrong surgery of an incorrect organ (61%) is the most important errors. The most important factors affecting the occurrence of faults in individual dimension was physical and mental condition of personnel (74%), in the environmental dimension the high number of surgical procedures (69%), in the skill dimension incomprehensibility in the use of equipment (60.5%), and in the management dimension low number of personnel in the surgical operation (74.5%).
Communicating with patients, and engaging skilled and physically minded staff, observing the standards of staffing in terms of quantity and experience, avoiding crowds and crowding, having healthy and safe equipment and familiarity with how they are used, Proper management of error cases and appropriate conduct with the wrong doer can reduce the error rate in the operating rooms.

Measuring serum and urine creatinine level is currently the most common method for assessing renal function. For this purpose, Jaffe’s method is most commonly used. The inconsistency in the results obtained from one single sample may be due to poor quality of the measurement method, inappropriate calibration, or improper use of the measurement method by the laboratory.
To evaluate the performance of creatinine measurement methods, five commonly used kits in Iran, i.e. Pars Azmon, Pishtaz Teb, Audit, Man and Bionik, were evaluated for uncertainty, detection capabilities, linearity and comparison of results. The results were statistically analyzed by using the coefficient of variation, T-test and linear regression and clinically evaluated based on the allowable total error.
The imprecision and detection capabilities of the kits were acceptable, but linearity results were not acceptable according to measurement range provided by the manufacturers, exept for Audit and Bionik kits. In addition, statistically in all cases and clinically in most cases, there was a significant difference between the results of each kit with the total mean results as the target level.
According to the results of this study, which have been performed in Iran for the first time, it is necessary to replace the Jaffe's method creatinine measurements with the enzymatic methods. In addition, the homogenization and standardization of these methods in comparison to a reference method is necessary.