Journal of Applied Chemical Research
Volume:12 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using black tea extract and copper nitrate as the copper source by the green method at different calcination temperatures. This method has many advantages such as nontoxic, economic viability, ease to scale up, less time consuming and environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles without using any organic chemicals. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The average crystallite size of CuO nanoparticles was calculated using Scherrer formula. The Xray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of monoclinic phase CuO with average particle size of 22-39 nm.

SBA-15 grafted with N-(4-(trimethylsilyl) butyl)-9H-fluorene-9-amine was synthesized by a simple strategy and applied to removal of Acid Red 33 and Acid Black 194 from aqueous solutions. SBA- 15 was synthesized and Functionalized according to procedure in the literature. Fluorene functionalized SBA-15 was showed the BET surface area 200 m2g-1 and pore diameter 4.2 nm, based on adsorption-desorption of N2 at 77 K. The presence of organic groups in the silica framework was demonstrated by FTIR and Raman spectrum. The effects of pH, amount of adsorbent, contact time and dye concentration on adsorption were determined in order to find the optimum adsorption conditions. The data fitted well to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacities 500.0 mg/g for Acid Red 33 and 110.0 mg/g for Acid Black 194. The results were shown that this methodology could be suitable for the removal of the pollutant acid dyes from dyeing wastewater of handmade carpet’s fibers.

In recent years, metal nano particles such as silver, copper and zinc have developed in textile finishing. Copper nano particles are used in wound dressings and socks to give them antibacterial properties. In the present paper, cotton fabrics were treated with different concentrations of Cu nano particles colloidal solution. For investigation of the durability of nano particles on cotton fabric, laundering test was carried out. Antibacterial activity, wetting time, bending length, crease recovery angle and whiteness were investigated. Cu ions contents on cotton fabric were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy and the chemical bonding was detected using the FTIR/ATR spectroscopy. The scanning electron microcopy was used for surface morphology studies. The results showed that increase of copper nano particles concentration increased antibacterial activity, and after repeated laundering, some of copper nano particles were removed from the fabric so that bacteria reduction reached to 92 %. Whiteness decreased by Cu nano particles coating. Increase of copper nano particles concentration increased crease recovery angle, bending length, wetting time. Atomic absorption analysis showed the decrease of copper ion content after repeated laundering.

A novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquid namely N1,N1,N2,N2-tetramethyl-N1,N2-bis(sulfo ethane-1,2- diaminium trifluoroacetate {[TMBSED][TFA]2} was synthesized, and characterized by studying its 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR and mass spectral data. Afterward, the ionic liquid was applied as catalyst for the production of polyhydroquinoline derivatives via the one-pot multi component reaction of arylaldehydes with dimedone, β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions. The protocol had several advantages, which include: (i) efficiency, (ii) generality, (iii) excellent yields of the products, (iv) short reaction times, (v) clean reaction profile, (vi) simplicity, (vii) usage of a few amount of the catalyst, (viii) easy preparation the catalyst from available and inexpensive starting materials, (ix) mild reaction conditions, (x) performing the reaction in solventfree conditions, and (xi) easy work-up.

The reaction of nano-cellulose and antimony pentachloridein dichloromethane gave nano cellulose- SbCl5. Also nano-cellulose-SbCl5 has beencharacterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscop (FTIR). Nano-cellulose-SbCl5has been applied as a nano-catalyst for synthesis of pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidines from the simple one-pot reaction between aryl aldehydes,barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid and malononitril.Cleanliness, simple methodology, short time, and excellent yields of products are some advantages of this method.

In this paper, the silicon-containing sulfonated polystyrene/acrylate–ionic liquid (Si-SPS/A IL) hybrid membranes was prepared to obtain the proton exchange membrane (PEM) materials with high methanol barrier and good selectivity. The Si-SPS/A–IL hybrid membranes characterized as the function of IL to evaluate their potential as PEMs in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).Four different Hybrid material with different properties have been synthesized and named from I to IV.The potential of the membranes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is characterized preliminarily by studying their thermal stability, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake, methanol diffusion coefficient, proton conductivity and selectivity (proton conductivity/methanol diffusion coefficient). All the hybrid membranes exhibit good thermal stability and reasonable water uptake. IV and V membranes have a low methanol diffusion coefficient, while II and III membrane have good proton conductivity. In addition, the selectivity values of hybrid membranes increase with increasing IL content and V membrane shows the best selectivity (1.14×105Ss cm−3). These results suggest that the Si-SPS/A–IL hybrid membranes are possible candidate materials for PEMs in DMFC applications.

A green and efficient ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted in-situ solvent formation microextraction (IL-UA-ISFME) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatographyultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) has been successfully developed for the trace determination of five selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples. In this method, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) was formed by addition of a hydrophilic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) to sample solution containing an ion-pairing agent (NaPF6). The analytes were extracted into the ionic liquid phase while the microextraction solvent was dispersed through the sample by utilizing ultrasonic radiation. The sample was then centrifuged and extracting phase retracted into the microsyringe, diluted with acetonitrile, and injected to HPLC. In the beginning, effective parameters controlling the performance of the microextraction process were studied in detail and optimized. The limit of detections (LOD, S/N = 3) were in the range of 0.32-0.79 μg L-1 while the RSD% values were below than 5.2% (n = 6). A good linearity (0.997 ≥ r2 ≥ 0.992) and a broad linear over the concentration ranges from 1 to 500 μg L-1 were achieved. The method was ultimately applied for the preconcentration and sensitive determination of the PAHs in several environmental water samples. The accuracy of the method in the real samples was tested by the relative recovery experiments with results ranging from 90-106%, which confirmed that complicated matrixes had almost little effect on the developed analytical procedure.

A convenient synthetic route for the synthesis of biologically active functionalized piperidines using Zn(OAc)2.2H2O as a highly efficient catalyst via five-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, anilines and β-ketoesters at ambient temperature has studied. Mild reaction conditions, simplicity of operation and work-up procedures with no necessity of chromatographic purification steps, the availability and easy to handle of this solid catalyst and good to high yields are the notable benefits for the highly efficient synthesis of these products.