فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، بهار 1396)

After Nitrogen, Potassium is an essential and most consumed element, in plant’s growth. Potassium has very important functions to regulation the osmotic potential of the cell amass retention, the development of cells and stomata activity. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), as an important product for the supply sugar and side industries, due to the high biomass need to attract a large amount of potassium during its life cycle. This research was done as a complete randomized block design, in applied research farm of Amir-Kabir Agro-industry. To do research, treatment of potassium nitrate fertilizer was applied at three levels, control, 75 and 150 kg/h potassium. During the implementation of the research the density, yield, weight of stem, amount of available, fixed potassium and anatomical structure of plant aerial part were studied. Applying potassium fertilizer on treatment did not show significant changes on density and yield of the plant in the farm. As well as the amount of fixed potassium under the influence of potassium fertilizer treatment did not show significant changes, but in treatment 150 kg/ha, a significant difference in the amount of available potassium was seen. The amount of the stem weight in the treatment of 150 kg/ha potassium in compared to control and treatment of 75 kg/ ha potassium showed significant difference. Often anatomical characteristics showed significant changes in sugarcane under the potassium treatment. The consumption of potassium fertilizer at the time of use didn’t developed growing conditions of sugarcane. Anatomical changes of aerial organs under the potassium fertilizer consumption represented the anatomical adaptation of plant to increase the soil potassium.

Stem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, can produce different tissues and organs of the body. Stem cells have two features, self-renewal and differentiation. Of the most important adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are capable of proliferation and differentiation with induction in the presence of variety of growth factors. Since the placenta extract contains a large amount of VEGF, therefore placenta extract was used to induce the differentiation of omentum mesenchymal stem cells.
The omentum mesenchymal stem cells were separated and cultured and cell-specific markers CD90, CD44, CD73, CD105 and CD34 markers were tested by flowcytometry on them. The extract of the placenta was prepared and after the MTT test, we selected a 20% viability percentage. After 21 days the presence of mesenchymal stem cells omentum in medium and 20 percent of placenta extract, mesenchymal cells were differentiated into progenitor endothelial cells. The expression of CD90, CD73 and CD105 markers was negative and expression of CD31, FLK1 and CD34 markers was positive. G1 phase of the cell cycle in 2st week of prolonged, compared to the control group, this result showed that the cells were exited from the proliferative phase into differentiation phase.
Omental mesenchymal cells in adjacent to the placenta extract, differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells.

Although the exact mechanism(s) of the effects of magnetic fields on plants is not completely understood, available evidences suggest that the effects of these fields are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant system. In the present study, the effects of a magnetic field (110 mT) on physical and chemical properties of water, and the effect of magnetized water on the antioxidant system activity of maize plants were investigated. Raman and FTIR absorption spectra of water before and after magnetization were compared. While the Raman spectrum of magnetized and normal water were identical, the intensity of FTIR absorption spectrum of magnetized water was significantly increased, suggesting changes in the distribution of hydrogen bound among water molecules and increase of its solubility. In comparison with the control plants, irrigation with magnetized water resulted in the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity i.e., SOD and CAT as well as increase of the contents of non-enzymatic compounds e.g., anthocyanins of the plants. In addition, lower amounts of H2O2, and lower activity of POD was observed in magnetized water-irrigated plants, compared to the control group. All together, these changes resulted in the maintenance of membrane integrity and improvement of growth and development of those plants which were irrigated with magnetized water.

Today, with the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in consumer products and medical products, including serious concerns have been expressed about the potential risks of nano-silver particles, the goal of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) as a potent antioxidant on changes histological kidney tissue and blood biochemical parameters in rats treated with high dose of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), respectively. 24 adult male rats (NMRI) with an average weight of 25 to 30 g were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 rats including the control group, AgNPs (mg / kg / day500), NSO (ml / kg / day 5) and AgNPs NSO split and both were treated orally for 35 days. At the end of the treatment period, mice, anatomy, left kidney removed, fix, molding, cutting and tissue processing was carried out using -Zan Han Hayden were stained. Renal tissue was evaluated parameters stereologically. Serum samples were analyzed. ANOVA and Tukey test to evaluate the study data. The differences in the extent (05/0 P

Abiotic stress including salinity is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. The endophytic fungus,Piriformospora indica has a pronounced growth-promoting activity and also increasesplant resistance to environmental stresses including salinity, drought and plantpathogens. In order to study, experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replicationsand with two levels of p.indica–inoculated and non-p.indica-inoculated rice(control) and four levels of NaCl (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM). This research deals with the potential of P. indica to improve growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and increase its resistance to salt stress with base on increasing of antioxidant enzyme activities. Our study demonstrated P.indica significantly increased growth parameters for example shoot and root biomass, Relative Water Content(RWC), proline content and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in contrast, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (produced from peroxidation of membrane lipids) in p.indica–inoculated than non-p.indica-inoculated rice under all of salt stress conditions.
So our results showed that P. indica-induced protection of O.sativa against salt stress could be mediated by antioxidant enzymes.

Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. belongs to Apiaceae family.Considering the importance of recognizing the developmental stages in the development of biology knowledge Haussknechtia elymaitica Which is a rare and endemic species of Iran, was selected for this research. The samples of vegetative and reproductive organs at different stages of development were gathered and investigated by cell-histology methods. The investigation of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs showed that the secretory cavity are arranged between the parenchymal tissues of the leaf. Section of flower buds revealed that anthers had 4 pollen sacs, the division of pollen mother cell was of the simultaneous type, microspore tetrads were of tetragonal type and the tapetum layer was secretory. The ovary was found to be two chambered and two-carpeled; the ovule to be anatropous and to have one membrane. In embryogenic investigationit was found that the embryos were globular, cordate, cotyledonary and torpedo-shaped and the transition between globular embryos to cordate embryos was found. The vegetative organs were observed to have the general structure of dicotyledons. The development patterns of ovule and embryo sac follow the Polygonum type. Tetrahedral, Tetragonal and Liner microspore tetrads were observed. All stages of embryogenesis were covered in this study.

Centella asiatica is belong to Apiaceae family, it has stolons and cor date leaves, minute flowers in umbel inflarescense, This Species, has very medicinal properties as wound healing, memory and learning en hance ment, Immune system regulation, reduce of blood presure, antioxidant and anticancer, plant material for phytochemical studies obtained from Abkenar village in Anzali: to Three developmental phases, and Chamecha village in Shaft ia flowering phase, Our Result's Show That aquatic extracts have much more effective products than to hydroalcholic extracts. also post flowering phase in Abkenar papulation have maximum madecassoside and asiaticoside and pre flowering phase has maximum madeccasic asid, also comparison two habitats show that all of four effective products are increased in chamacha than Abkenar.