فهرست مطالب

Kidney Diseases - Volume:12 Issue: 3, May 2018

Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume:12 Issue: 3, May 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/04/04
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Fariba Samadian, Nooshin Dalili *, Leila Mahmoudieh, Shadi Ziaei Pages 135-141
    The administration of radiocontrast media may lead to kidney injury, known as contrast-induced nephropathy, which is reversible in most cases, but its development may be associated with adverse outcomes. This review article provides recommendations for the prevention of contrast nephropathy.
    Keywords: contrast medium, kidney injury, nephropathy, hydration
  • Mahdieh Salimi *, Sepehr Sarrafzadeh Zargar Pages 142-149
    Introduction. The initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is complex. Quantification of mRNA expression in urinary sediment cells (USCs) has emerged as a novel strategy for studying kidney diseases. Insulin requires a family of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins for its physiological effects, and many reports have highlighted the role of insulin and IRS proteins in kidney physiology and disease. This study aimed to assess IRS2 expression in USCs of patients with diabetes mellitus, DN, and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease.
    Materials and Methods. To quantify IRS2 expression, RNA was extracted from USCs of 223 individuals comprised of diabetes mellitus, DN, and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease as well as a healthy control group. The cDNA was synthesized and comparative TaqMan real-time reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction was used in the presence of beta actin gene as a reference gene for normalization, relative to the control.
    Results. Our data showed that the USCs expression of IRS2 gene was significantly increased in the DN patients compared with other groups (P Conclusions. In patients with DN, urinary mRNA expression of the IRS2 gene is associated with kidney function. Our result suggests that serial measurement of urinary expression of this gene may have a value for early detection of kidney injury in diabetic patients.
    Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, IRS2, mRNA, polymerase chain reaction
  • Ayse Feyda Nursal *, Ercan Turkmen, Suheyla Uzun Kaya, Akin Tekcan, Ozlem Sezer, Sumeyya Deniz Celik, Serbulent Yigit Pages 150-155
    Introduction. The most important complication of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is secondary amyloidosis, which can lead to kidney failure. Genetic variability in the genes of various components of the renin-angiotensin system may play a role in the pathogenesis of the kidney disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D variant and risk of developing FMF-related amyloidosis in Turkish patients.
    Materials and Methods. A total of 240 individuals consisting of 40 patients with FMF-related amyloidosis, 100 FMF patients without amyloidosis, and 100 healthy controls were recruited. For all of the participants, ACE I/D variant was detected by the polymerase chain reaction using specific primers.
    Results. A significant difference was found between the patients with FMF-related amyloidosis and the control group as for genotype distribution of ACE I/D variant (P Conclusions. Based on these observations, the ACE I/D variant D/D genotypes implicate a possible risk in the FMF-related amyloidosis among Turkish population.
    Keywords: familial Mediterranean fever, secondary amyloidosis, angiotensinconverting enzyme
  • Esmat Aghadavod, Alireza Soleimani, Gholamali Hamidi, Fariba Keneshlou, Akbar Heidari, Zatollah Asemi * Pages 156-162
    Introduction. Patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) may benefit from vitamin E's antilipid and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-dose vitamin E supplementation on markers of cardiometabolic risk and oxidative stress in patients with DN.
    Materials and Methods. This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 54 patients with DN that were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive vitamin E supplement (800 IU/d) or placebo for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week intervention to determine markers of cardiometabolic risk and oxidative stress.
    Results. Vitamin E supplementation, compared with the placebo, resulted in a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (-14.3 ± 29.9 mg/dL versus -0.8 ± 13.1 mg/L, P = .03), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-16.4 ± 28.5 mg/dL versus 0.1 ± 17.2 mg/L, P = .01), and ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (-0.5 ± 0.7 versus 0.1 ± 0.5, P = .001), and a significant elevation in vitamin E levels (39.7 ± 12.4 nmol/mL versus -0.5 ± 1.3 nmol/mL, P Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that high-dose vitamin E supplementation for 12 weeks had favorable effects on lipid profile and glutathione levels of patients with DN, except for triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide, and total antioxidant capacity levels.
    Keywords: vitamin E diabetic nephropathy_lipids_oxidative stress
  • Naghmeh Akbarian, Nosratollah Zarghami, Ali Mota, Sima Abediazar, Sina Abroon, Aynaz Mihanfar, Mina Amanzadeh, Akbar Darbin, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi * Pages 163-168
    Introduction. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Visfatin is an intracellular enzyme with insulin-mimicking effects. It enhances the expression of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase in renal cells. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of visfatin and NO metabolites in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
    Materials and Methods. A total of 80 diabetic patients were enrolled and classified into nephropathic and non-nephropathic patients. Serum visfatin and insulin levels were estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and NO metabolites were estimated using a colorimetric assay.
    Results. Serum visfatin and NO metabolites levels were significantly elevated in the patients with diabetic nephropathy. Serum visfatin levels and NO metabolites were significantly higher in the nephropathic patients (P = .003; 95% confidence interval, 2.29 to 10.81; P Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrated that there were high levels of visfatin and NO metabolites in patients with diabetic nephropathy. In addition, there was a positive correlation between visfatin and NO metabolites levels in nephropathic and non-nephropathic diabetic patients.
    Keywords: diabetes, complications, insulin, diabetic nephropathy, nitric oxide, visfatin
  • Alaleh Gheissari, Rokhsareh Meamar, Amin Abedini *, Peyman Roomizadeh, Mohammad Shafiei, Zahra Samaninobandegani, Zhale Tabrizi, Farhad Mahmoudi, Alireza Merrikhi, Esfandiar Najafi Tavana Pages 169-177
    Introduction. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are members of endopeptidases which contribute to CVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with markers of endothelial dysfunction, soluble E-selectin and brachial flow-mediated dilatation; several biochemical risk factors of CVD; and thrombotic incidents in children with ESRD.
    Materials and Methods. Thirty-one children with ESRD and 18 healthy age- and sex-adjusted controls underwent measurement of serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, soluble E-selectin, phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone, lipid profile, thrombotic factors, and albumin. Flow-mediated dilatation was measured in both groups by Doppler ultrasonography. Thrombotic events were assessed in patients with ESRD.
    Results. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, soluble E-selectin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone and negatively correlated with body mass index, hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and flow-mediated dilatation, while MMP-9 correlated with soluble E-selectin, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and albumin and negatively correlated with body mass index and hemoglobin. Six patients (19.3%) had thrombotic incidents. There was no significant difference between the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the children with and without thrombotic events.
    Conclusions. This study determined the associations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with markers of endothelial dysfunction and several traditional and uremia related CVD risk factors in children with ESRD. No associations were found between these two MMPs and thrombotic events.
    Keywords: end-stage renal disease, child, cardiovascular disease, matrix metalloproteinases
  • Xiaoxue Zhang, Ying Chen, Yamei Cai, Xing Tian, Jing Xiao, Zhanzheng Zhao, Dahai Yu* Pages 178-184
    Introduction. This study aimed to assess the number and profiles of patients initializing peritoneal dialysis form the Henan Peritoneal Dialysis Registry, a provincial database in central China.
    Materials and Methods. All patients aged 18 years and greater, initializing peritoneal dialysis within the province during 2007 to 2014 were included. Demographic characteristics were collected and clinical parameters included the type of renal diagnosis (primary glomerular, secondary glomerular, and others) and recorded major comorbidities in the neural, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems. Laboratory measurements at treatment including blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were also determined. Differences, as a temporal trend over the period, were analyzed using a nonparametric test for trend across ordered groups.
    Results. A total of 2540 patients were included. The number of patients increased rapidly by 8-fold from 2007 (n = 70) to 2014 (n = 592). Overall, 40% were 55 years and older, and 60% were females. Forty-five percent of the patients were diagnosed with primary glomerular disease; 40%, secondary glomerular disease; and 15%, other kidney diseases. Half of the patients had comorbid conditions in cardiovascular system, followed by conditions in of the endocrine (15%) and neural (5%) systems. Over the study period, trends were in favor of more proportions of younger patients, female patients, and patients with secondary glomerular disease.
    Conclusions. Peritoneal dialysis care increased rapidly in central region of China, with more younger and female patients over the study period.
    Keywords: China, patient care, peritoneal dialysis, population characteristics
  • Amir Ahmad Nassiri, Legha Lotfollahi *, Neda Behzadnia, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Monir Sadat Hakemi, Azam Rahimzadeh Kalaleh, Monir Kamalkhani Pages 185-189
    Introduction. Systemic arterial hypertension is prevalent in end-stage renal disease and is closely associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Blood pressure (BP) behavior is unique in this population, and it is not clear which BP measurement should be used for treatment guidance. We aimed to evaluate the association of several methods of BP measurement with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) as hypertensive end-organ damage.
    Materials and Methods. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 3 or 4 times per week for at least 3 months, were enrolled. We compared the diagnostic value of 6 different methods of BP measurement, including predialysis, postdialysis, interdialysis, and standard BP measurements as well as ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and home blood pressure monitoring, based on LVMI as the gold standard.
    Results. Twenty patients, including 9 women and 11 men were enrolled. Ten patients (50%) had LVH and the others had normal LVMI (LVMI > 100 g/m2 for women and > 131 100 g/m2 for men). Only predialysis and postdialysis systolic BP values were significantly associated with LVMI (P = .02 and P = .02, respectively).
    Conclusions. Predialysis and postdialysis systolic BP values maybe reliable for detecting hypertension in hemodialysis patients, although according to previous data, the importance of self and ambulatory BP monitoring could not be overlooked.
    Keywords: blood pressure, hemodialysis, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, left ventricular mass index
  • Kourosh Goudarzipour, Farzaneh Farahmandi, Ahmad Mohammadi, Reza Taherian* Pages 190-192
    Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) typically occurs in long or flat bones, soft tissues, or less often, solid organs. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the adrenal gland is extremely rare, especially in children, and only limited cases are reported previously. Herein, we review a case of a 22-month-old girl who presented to our department with abdominal pain, bulging of the left flank, and a nonfunctioning adrenal lesion which was found to be an adrenal ES/PNET. The patient was successfully treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Since delayed diagnosis may result in metastatic lesions, this case underscores the importance of considering ES/PNET in the differential diagnosis of large adrenal masses.
    Keywords: child, Ewing sarcoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors, adrenal gland