فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، تابستان 1396)

Today, anti-angiogenesis properties of plants products are considered by researchers. Since the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are green synthesized and scopoletine, have anti-angiogenesis properties. In the present study, the use of these two substances has been investigated on the angiogenesis in the Chick Chorioalantoic Membrane.
In this experimental study, the fertilized eggs were divided, the control and experimental groups including silver nanoparticles treated with nanoparticles (50, 100 and 150 μg/ml), scopoletine (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml), synergistic group, 50μg ml silver nanoparticles and 25 μg/ml scopoletin. In 8th day incubation, treatment was done on gelatin sponge and in 12th day were photographed and the number and lengths of vessels around the sponges, crown rump (CR), fetal weight and blood vessels hemoglobin levels were recorded and compared with control. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software, one way ANOVA and Tukey test in significant level of P The results showed that dose dependent manner of silver nano particles and scopolotine reduced the number and length of blood vessels and decreased level of hemoglobin concentration in treatment groups. The use of Synergic 50 μg/ml nanoparticles and 25 μg/ml concentration of scopoletine, which did not affect on the angiogenesis process, showed a significant decrease in angiogenesis (P The use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles and scopolinoth has been shown to enhance their anti-angiogenic effects and can be considered as an important study basis to identify effective therapeutic strategis.

Cancer is a main health problem worldwide and the number of cancer patients is increasing annually. Cancer treatment needs new anticancer medicines because of drug resistance. Rosemary is one of the herbal medicines which its anti-cancer effects have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate rosemary extract effect on HN5 cancer cells viability in comparison with neuronal progenitor cells(NPCs). NPCs were obtained from 17 days pregnant mice by enzymatic digestion method. These cells and HN5 cells were treated with 50, 100, 200 and 500 µg/ml of rosemary extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Their viability was measured using MTT assay. Results showed that rosemary extract decreased HN5 cells viability in 100, 200 and 500 µg/ml concentrations which were significant in comparison with NPCs. The extract increased NPCs proliferation rate in 50 and 100 µg/ml concentration and decreased their viability in 500 µg/ml concentration. Rosemary extract can decrease cell viability as a dose and time dependent manner but this effect also depends on the cell type such as its killing effect on cancer cells was more.

Water is the most abundant component of plant cells and as a diamagnetic molecule can be affected by magnetic field. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of magneticallytreated water on speed of vegetative growth and stages of reproductive organs development and Ultrastructure of Pollen grain of lentil (Lens culinaris L.). For this aim lentil seeds were cultured in green house and were irrigated either with tap water (control group), or magnetically-treated water (tap water which was passed through a magnetic field of 110 mT). Growth and development of male and female generative organs were studied via cytological and histological routine methods and the ultrastructure of pollen grains was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed irrigation with magnetically-treated water increased the speed of lentil flowering. In developmental stages of anther and gynoecium showed no difference between control and treated plants. The apparent shape of the megaspor mother cell and egg cell, was the same in both groups. Lentil pollen grain is tricolpate with reticulate architecture. The decorations of pollen grains were thicker and wider in the plants irrigated with magnetically-treated water, compared to the control plants. Number of pollen grain had no difference between groups. Totally irrigation with magnetically-treated water increases the speed of flowering and thus reduces the growth period is in lentil. Therefore, irrigated with magneticallytreated water can be a big help to reduce the water used to irrigate the crops.

Seed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil in 2013 was carried out. Experimental treatments include drought stress at four levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and three pre-treatments including potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1% and 2%, water as hydro priming and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and priming on germination components and antioxidant enzymes was significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the percentage of germination, pace of germination, rootlet length, seedling length and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and priming showed that the maximum activity of Antioxidant enzymes were obtained by pre-treatment of potassium nitrate with a concentration of 1% in a -12 bar drought level. In general, it can be concluded that basil seed pre-treatment with 1% potassium nitrate improves the basil germination parameters under drought stress conditions and increased the tolerance of basil plant to drought stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the germination stage.

Among therapeutic approaches for amyloid-related diseases, attention has recently turned to the use of natural products as effective anti-aggregation compounds. Although a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates some common inhibitory activity of these compounds, they don’t generally suggest the same mechanism of action. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red absorbance measurements, and atomic force microscopy the ability of taxifolin on the inhibition of HEWL amyloid fibrillation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that taxifolin exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to HEWL prefibrillar species. Furthermore, it’s binding results in diverting the amyloid pathway toward formation of very large globular, chain-like aggregates with low β-sheet content and reduced solvent-exposed hydrophobic patches. ThT fluorescence measurements show that the binding capacity of taxifolin is significantly reduced, upon generation of large protofibrillar aggregates at the end of growth phase. We believe these results may help design promising inhibitors of protein aggregation for amyloid-related diseases.

Stroke is the most important resalt of cerebral ischemia and followed reperfusion produces free radicales and can lead to apoptosis. Granular cells of dentate gyrus are sensitive to ischemia. Whatever the time of ischemia gets longer and reperfusion starts with delay, cell protection from oxidative damage and apoptosis will be less efficient. Since the percentage of tissue damage plays an important role in the study of neuroprotective drugs,We decide to study the appropriate duration of ischemia in order to use different drugs in ischemic animal models. In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rat were divided to 6 groups (5,10,15,20 and 30 minutes of ischemia. The ischemia was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. After four days, brains were removed and prepared for hematoxilin-eosin method and nissl staining . Our data showed that The number of degenerative cells with pyknotic nucleuses were increased especially in the30 minutes of ischemia and the number of the dentate gyrus granular cells were decreased significantly in 15¡20¡30 ischemic groups.. It seems that more than 10 minutes of ischemia is the appropriate time for studying the effects of drugs in ischemic model.

Cannabis sativa L., belongs to the cannabinaceae family. It is important in dicotyledonous plants, because of potential products, pharmaceutical and industrial products in some countries is economically very valuable. Also, this plant has a global spread and has endemic species in many parts of Iran. The vegetative and generative organs were cut and fixed in glycerin and ethanol. The young Root and shoot apical meristem were sampled at different developmental stages. Samples were fixed in FAA and sliced using a microtome. Staining was carried out with Eosin and Haematoxylin. The primary and secondary structures of root, shoot and structure of petiole, leaf, inflorescence, axil, Root and shoot apical meristem showed similarity to dicotyledons, also about male and female flowers of Cannabis sativa L., the sameness of the other angiosperm flowers. Based on the anatomical findings, we observed a characteristics similarity between this plant and other angiosperms.