فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 40 (زمستان 1396)

Collective security mechanism as a model for maintaining and expanding international security requirements, and coordinate, which has been criticized by neo-realists for its idealistic nature .On the other hand, violating this mechanism directly or indirectly affects the function of the collective security model. Throughout history, the US as a supreme power has played an important role in weakening or strengthening the collective security model. Presidents of this country after World War II And based on Truman's doctrine with an internationalist approach, they have been able to define a specific role for the United States in the international security mechanism in their national security doctrine. The forty-fifth president of America Donald Trump, who has considered foreign policy, Has made a mistake In the perspective of the role played by the United States since 1945 with an internationalist approach before the Trump in the international system. America's foreign policy during the presidency of Donald Trump which is rooted in nationalist views, by emphasis on national interests of the United States And with an economics-oriented approach As well as the impact of some of its institutionalized foreign policy features, including unilateralism, Intentionally or unintentionally weaken the collective security. Eventually, this trend intensifies because of the increasing self-sufficiency of governments Will lead to an increase in the anarchy of the international system.

These days,Tramp's actions are at the top of the region's and the world's news.His new contracts for the sale of military weapons have created a wave of worries about the growing crippling of warfare in the world. Tramp's government has attracted attention since it came up with frequent claims that it has entered the military arena in the region.He initially sought to justify the direct presence of the US in the West Asian region, with opposition from both Russia and Iran, creating modifications to his plan by introducing a safe area in Syria.Tramp has chosen a new option for the United States in the region, given the many problems that Washington faces to enter the Syrian military arena,in which Tramp ordered the use of American drone to bombard Yemen's various areas under the pretext of fighting.With al-Qaeda.The main question of the research is that what is the strategic importance of Yemen in foreign policy and security of Tramp?The findings of the study indicate that Tramp has adopted a rigorous and power-hungry approach to Yemen's developments with goals such as tearing down the axis of resistance,removing Iran from regional equations,and preventing the spread of Shiite waves to Saudi Arabia,Is.He does not complain about taking American action in the region to take a dramatic action,and with a comforting, profit-oriented view of the developments in Yemen,the stockpile of Western weapons is flooding the oil dollars of the Arab reactionaries into the region.The research method is descriptive-analytic and based on invasive realism.

The Trump's foreign policy towards the Middle East has been criticized by many governments over the past year. The Trump's racist policies, the removal of the United States from the Paris pact, the missile attack on the Syrian air base, the threat of getting out from Comprehensive Joint Action Program , the transfer of the US embassy to Jerusalem, all reflect his different foreign policy from its predecessor (Obama). This kind of Trump foreign policy is due to his unusual behavior and personality. Six years after the onset of the conflict in Syria with the ensuing stalemate we had slowly moved to a possibility of a negotiated settlement through discussions which were inconclusive but however ongoing. The unilateral missile attack order by President Trump on the Al-Shaeirat airbase, led the armed group opposing the Assad regime to show less desire to engage in peace discussion. Our main concern in this paper is to analysis the change of tactics by the new U.S. president and there cause thereof. We hold that the private lives of the politicians, their education, their political history, the formative experiences of their public life, their physical, and mental health affects their personal and public decisions. The changed positions of Trump and his ensuing policy show the desire of his administration to rest on the American military superiority and its will to renew the era of the US adventurism in hot spot such as the Middle East.

Situation of Middle East's Security is being Complex, Uncertain and Ambiguous. Notwithstanding, there are many Reasons that have Created this Situation, the Great Power Vacuum in Middle East has an Important Role in the Region's Instability. the Main Subject of this Essay is what Does the Power Vacuum Has Impacted on the Middle East Security? Hypothetically, the Influence of United States in the Middle East Specially in the Era of Obama's Presidency has been Reduced and Simultaneously the Main Actors in the Region Such as Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia tries to increase their Powers and Influences in the Region. With According to this Situation, there isnt Great Power as a Regulator in the Region and its leads to the Divergent Situation in the Middle East. Reduction of Insecurity and Promote of Stability in the Region Are Depend on Cooperation Among Middle East Countries for Achieving Regional Sustainable Security. Theoretically, this Paper is Based on the Offensive Realism. Methodologically, in this Essay We Use Descriptive, Analytical and Explanatory Methods.

The pluralistic patterns of democracy, which emphasizes on external monitoring patterns, have been recognized as one of the most effective patterns of governance to date. This pattern involved some crises up to now and there have always been solutions to them. Neo-pluralism, with an emphasis on internal monitoring, was the answer to the crisis, but it was not enough to solve this problem. Therefore, it seems that the combination of these two is the best way to solve this crisis. Considering the fact that international institutions are based on the principles of democratic model, ups and downs of this challenge have also affected the international institutions and system.
It seems that the dysfunctional pluralistic and neo-liberal approaches according to the pattern of democracy in the present age have also affected the international institutions of the world system, which throw the realization of democracy in the international arena in crisis.
The study pattern of this research, based on the methodology of new institutionalism, aimed to provide a coherent model to present a new strategy to the international institutions through an integrated model.

Iran-Russia's seems very integrated and warm now, but during last 25 years there were many up and dawn in the course of their relations. Historical realities indicate these relations permanently have experienced very different stages. Many diverse factors have affected their relation in domestic, regional and international levels. The two countries relations in 19 century have shaped their perceptions about others goals and aims. The events of the final stage of the world war II have a very deep impact on Iranian people and government. The Soviet supportive policy in the case of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan separative movement are very important factors in this regards. Policies and activities of Communist Tudeh party has a constant influence on this relation, both before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. These historical legacies in Iran- Russia's relations after the collapse of the Soviet Union continue its influence on the two countries relation, that shapes the main question of this paper. the authors use descriptive- analytical methodology for their research.