فهرست مطالب

Medical Laboratory - Volume:5 Issue: 2, May 2018

International Journal of Medical Laboratory
Volume:5 Issue: 2, May 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/03/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Fatemeh Montazeri, Ali Mohammad Foroughmand, Seyed Mehdi Kalantar, Abbas Aflatoonian, Mohammad Ali Khalilli Pages 84-98
    As numerical and structural defects in chromosomes are an inevitable consequence of IVF, Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and screening (PGD/PGS) methods are used for detecting abnormalities in embryos before implantation to the uterus to increase the successful rate of IVF. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and screening approaches can be achieved by different techniques such as NGS, CGH and FISH. Among these approaches, FISH-based PGD/PGS is challenging in that it requires experience and skill to increase its facility and validity. Therefore, based on literature review and our experiences obtained from genetic laboratory of Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute (Yazd, Iran), we were ditermined to discuss these challenges. After reviewing the available protocols and articles, we compared results of different methods for performing pre- and post-examination FISH process. Required samples in each section were obtained from embryo in cleavage or blastocyst stage. According to our team's experience, we recommend the cleavage stage biopsy and our modified fixation method. Also, we do not recommend more than two round hybridization on the same cell. Many studies have shown that FISH-based PGD is an efficient method for decreasing IVF failure in infertile patients. This paper introduces the best biopsy and fixation method and, includes some useful tips and tricks on type and number of probe, removing the cytoplasm, denaturation and hybridization, data evaluation and scoring criteria.
    Keywords: Biopsy, Diagnostic errors, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Preimplantation genetic screening
  • Mostafa Amiri, Mohammadreza Rahmani, Hossein Solemani, Mohammad Ghorbani, Roghaieh Rahmani Bilandi Pages 99-102
    Background And Aims
    Preeclampsia is one of the causes of maternal mortality whose leading cause is still unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the relation between blood group and pre-eclampsia in primipara women.
    Materials And Methods
    This case-control study was performed on 100 pirmipara women in Gonabad city. The samples were assigned, by census, into two groups of case (with pre-eclampsia) and control (without pre-eclampsia). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square through SPSS software Ver.16.
    Results and
    Conclusions
    The incidence of preeclampsia in the blood group of A, B, AB, and O were 36%, 34%, 22%, and 8%, respectively. Also, there was a significant difference between blood group O and blood group non-O to preeclampsia (p
    Keywords: Blood group, Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy
  • Maryam Ahmadi, Farzaneh Tafvizi, Elham Moslemi Pages 103-112
    Background And Aims
    Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men in Iran. Since changes in the regulation of proto-oncogenes expression are the main causes of most human cancers, including PCa, evaluating the expression of marker genes can be helpful for early diagnosis of cancer and better understanding of its etiology. The present study compared c-Myc expression level in prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
    Material and
    Methods
    Paraffin-embedded prostatic tissues from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (n=38) and BPH (n=38) were selected. The samples were included only if the patients underwent radical prostatectomy and had no history of hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, c-Myc expression in the samples was compared using SYBR green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction.
    Results
    Significantly higher c-Myc mRNA expression was observed in adenocarcinoma samples than in BPH group (p=0.001). No significant correlation was observed between c-Myc expression and Gleason Score (p>0.05). There were no significant correlations between c-Myc expression and prostate-specific antigen levels and age (p>0.05).
    Conclusions
    The c-Myc mRNA expression increased in the PCa samples compared with the BPH group. It seems that c-Myc expression can be introduced as a prognostic marker for determination of the invasive potential of tumor cells. Further tests and studies conducted with larger sample sizes may help to use this marker in differentiating malignant from benign samples.
    Keywords: c-Myc, Prostate cancer, Prostatic hyperplasia, Real-time polymerase chain reaction
  • Mina Kamalabadi, Akram Astani, Fahimeh Nemati Pages 113-122
    Background And Aims
    Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) belonging to herpes viridae family is a normal human pathogen with benign lesions in immunocompromised patients which creates serious problems. Acyclovir is used to treat herpetic infections. Because of developing drug-resistant strains, the use of medicinal plants and their related compounds with fewer side effects is considered for the treatment of patients. In this study the antiviral effect and mechanism of carvacrol, a medicinal compound, on HSV1 virus was studied.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, the maximum nontoxic concentration on vero cells was determined by MTT. The antiviral effect of the compound was determined by TCID50. The expression of early and late stages of viral replication (UL52 and UL27) was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction method.
    Results
    The toxic concentration of carvacrol causing 50% cell death was 0.001%. The mechanism of action of the compound showed that pretreatment of HSV-1 with carvacrol prior to infection inhibits its ineffectivity approximately to 70%. The results also showed no reduction in the early and late gene expression of herpes virus replication.
    Conclusions
    Overall, the findings demonstrated that the carvacrol has inhibitory effect on HSV-1 by direct inhibition of free virus particles.
    Keywords: Antiviral activity, Carvacrol, Herpes simplex virus type 1
  • Shiva Aghaei, Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam, Mehdi Kalantar, Mohammad Hassan Sheikha, Mohammad Sobhan, Ali Jebali Pages 123-132
    Background And Aims
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an essential role in molecular imaging by delivering the contrast agent into targeted cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of magnetic nanoparticles containing iron oxide and silver (Fe3O4@Ag core-shell nanoprobe) as a contrast agent for the detection of ovarian cancer cell line ovcar-3.
    Materials And Methods
    Co-precipitation method was used for synthesis of Fe3O4Ag nanoprobe which was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). To evaluate the ability of this nanoprobe in detection of the ovcar-3 cell line by MRI, the cells were exposed to different (5 to 50 µg/mL) concentrations of Fe3O4@Ag nanoprobe before contrast intensity calculation by MRI.
    Results
    SEM images revealed that Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles are spherical, about 100 nm. FTIR showed strong absorbance picks belonging to the stretching vibration of Ag and Fe-O. It was found that contrast intensity of Fe3O4@Ag nanoprobe decreases as concentration decreases. Statistical analysis revealed significant difference in concentrations of 30, 40 and 50 μg/mL, compared to control (p
    Conclusions
    This novel magnetic nanoparticle can be used as an effective contrast agent for improving MRI in detection of ovarian cancer cells. The sensitivity of this contrast agent may be improved by binding to targeting molecules such as antibody and aptamer.
    Keywords: Contrast agent, Fe3O4@Ag nanoprobe, Magnetic resonance imaging, Ovarian cancer
  • Parisa Alaei, Parvin Khodarahmi, Masoud Salehipour Pages 133-140
    Background And Aims
    Cadmium is an important environmental pollutant and a potent toxicant to organisms. However, the toxicity of Cadmium and its influences on stomach is still unclear. We examined the effects of intraperitoneal injection of Cadmium on mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in rat stomach.
    Materials And Methods
    Twenty eight male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group received saline and the three other groups received Cadmium at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg for 15 successive days. One day after the last injection, the stomach was dissected and removed and then the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes was evaluated using real time polymerase chain reaction.
    Results
    Cadmium exposure did not change on mRNA level of Bax at the doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg in rat stomach cells. However, the mRNA level of Bcl-2 gene decreased at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg (body weight) by 0.07, 0.03 and 0.01 times compared with the control cells (p
    Conclusions
    This increased Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio induces cell apoptosisin rat stomach cells.
    Keywords: Bax, Bcl-2, Cadmium, Rat, Stomach
  • Zakieh Javidan, Nasrin Ghasemi, Hamid Reza Ashrafzade Pages 141-149
    Background And Aims
    The cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) plays a curial role in phase I metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to their ultimate biologically active intermediates that have potential reproductive toxicity in men. Reproductive functions in men may be impaired by many environmental, physiologic, and genetic factors. The majority of the environmental factors are xenobiotics. Metabolic active xenobiotics exert adverse effects via covalent interactions between intermediate metabolites and cellular macromolecules such as DNA or protein.
    Materials And Methods
    Genotyping two polymorphisms, CYP1A1*2A and CYP1A1*2C, was done using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay in a case–control study including 105 infertile men and104 healthy fertile subjects.
    Results
    The results showed that frequency of CYP1A1*2A was significantly different between the patients and the controls (p = 0.036). Analysis indicated that CYP1A1*2A CC genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of male infertility (OR = 5.4, CI=1.12-26.04; 95%) compared with the AA genotype. No significant association was detected between CYP1A1*2C polymorphism and male infertility.
    Conclusions
    The CYP1A1*2A single nucleotide polymorphism can be considered as an effective agent in azoospermia.
    Keywords: Azoospermia, Cytochrome P-450 1A1, Genotyping, Polymorphism
  • Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh, Maryam Erfanmanesh, Sousan Ghasemi, Safa Tahmasebi, Farideh Afshari Pages 150-155
    Background And Aims
    Despite the fact that neonatal tetanus has been eradicated all over the world, it is still a significant health problem in some developing countries. The disease can even result in death. This is a worrying problem but it can easily be prevented by vaccination of the mothers. Vaccinating every pregnant woman with, at least, one dose of tetanus toxoid would be an affordable way to protect against neonatal tetanus and would be a step toward eliminating the mortalities that continue to occur due to this preventable disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunity in pregnant women in Zanjan province in Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 576 pregnant women were surveyed. Firs the women's serums were separated. Then tetanus antibody was measured in their serums using Immunoaffinity Chromatography Assay.
    Results
    Results indicated that 95 percent of these pregnant women who had received vaccine had acquired immunity but the remaining 5 percent had no immunization.
    Conclusions
    Not only vaccination is important in women, but effectiveness of vaccination is also vital for successful immunization. It is proposed that more attempts should be made in order to gain affordable immunization.
    Keywords: Anti-tetanus antibody, pregnant women, Vaccination